📚 Year 12 OCR English Literature: Quick Memory Guide to Vocabulary and Terminology | OCR英语文学词汇术语速记指南
Building a solid foundation in literary terminology is not just about memorising definitions—it is about developing a sharp analytical toolkit that will help you unlock meaning in any text you encounter. This guide presents a range of memory-boosting strategies tailored specifically for the OCR AS and A Level English Literature specifications, from contextual vocabulary to rhetorical techniques. Each section pairs a core concept with a practical memory shortcut, helping you internalise terms quickly and apply them with confidence in timed essays.
构建坚实的文学术语基础不仅仅在于背诵定义——它还在于培养一个敏锐的分析工具箱，帮助你在任何文本中解锁意义。本指南专门针对OCR AS和A Level英语文学考试大纲，提供了一系列从语境词汇到修辞技巧的记忆强化策略。每个小节都将核心概念与实用的记忆捷径配对，帮助你快速内化术语，并在限时论文中自信地运用它们。
1. Categorising Literary Terms for Mental Filing | 将文学术语分类存入脑内档案
One of the most effective ways to lodge terminology in your long-term memory is to build conceptual ‘folders’ rather than trying to recall isolated words. Imagine your mind as a filing cabinet: create broad categories such as ‘Narrative Voice’, ‘Sound and Rhyme’, ‘Drama and Performance’, and ‘Language and Imagery’. Every time you meet a new term, decide which folder it belongs to and visualise sliding it inside. For example, the word enjambment goes into the ‘Sound and Rhyme’ drawer, while focalisation sits under ‘Narrative Voice’. This spatial organisation mirrors how OCR exam questions often group devices, making retrieval faster under pressure.
将术语存入长期记忆最有效的方法之一是构建概念“文件夹”，而不是试图回忆孤立的单词。把你的大脑想象成一个文件柜：创建宽泛的类别，例如“叙事声音”、“音韵与韵律”、“戏剧与表演”以及“语言与意象”。每当你遇到一个新术语，就决定它属于哪个文件夹，并想象着把它滑进去。例如，enjambment（跨行连续）就放进“音韵与韵律”抽屉，而focalisation（聚焦）则归入“叙事声音”。这种空间组织与OCR考题经常分组考查修辞手法的特点相呼应，能让你在压力下更快地提取信息。
A useful sub-strategy is to assign a colour code to each category in your revision notes. Use blue for narrative techniques, red for sound patterns, green for dramatic conventions, and yellow for figurative language. When you write about a quotation in an essay, you can mentally see the colour, which acts as a cue for the technical vocabulary you need. Over time, your brain will associate ‘blue’ questions about point of view with terms like free indirect discourse and omniscient narrator.
一个有效的子策略是在你的复习笔记中为每个类别分配一个颜色代码。用蓝色代表叙事技巧，红色代表声音模式，绿色代表戏剧惯例，黄色代表比喻性语言。当你在论文中引用一段话时，你可以下意识地想到那种颜色，它将成为所需技术词汇的提示信号。久而久之，你的大脑就会把“蓝色”视角问题与free indirect discourse（自由间接话语）和omniscient narrator（全知叙述者）这类术语联系起来。
2. Acronyms as Mental Anchors | 用首字母缩写法打造思维锚点
Acronyms transform a list of disparate terms into a single, easily recallable word or phrase. For the OCR poetry component, try SPITFIRE to remember key elements of voice and form: Speaker, Perspective, Imagery, Tone, Form, Irony, Rhythm, and End-stopped lines. Each letter triggers a chain of associated analytical vocabulary: ‘S’ might lead you to persona and dramatic monologue; ‘T’ to plaintive, elegiac, or sardonic. The acronym works because it condenses multiple layers into a single memory chunk.
首字母缩写法能把一连串互不相干的术语转化成一个容易回忆的单词或短语。对于OCR的诗歌模块，尝试使用SPITFIRE来记住声音和形式的关键要素：Speaker（说话人）、Perspective（视角）、Imagery（意象）、Tone（语气）、Form（形式）、Irony（反讽）、Rhythm（节奏）、End-stopped lines（行末停顿）。每个字母都会触发一连串相关的分析词汇：“S”可能引出persona（人物面具）和dramatic monologue（戏剧独白）；“T”则可能引出plaintive（哀伤的）、elegiac（挽歌式的）或sardonic（讽刺嘲弄的）。这个首字母缩略词之所以有效，是因为它将多个层次压缩为一个记忆组块。
For prose and drama, create your own situational acronyms. When analysing a passage for characterisation, use STEEPLES: Speech, Thoughts, Effect on others, Emotions, Physical appearance, Language register, External setting, and Symbolic actions. Rehearse it actively by taking any paragraph from your set text and running through the checklist. Soon, the terms will surface automatically as you annotate unseen extracts in the exam.
对于小说和戏剧，创建自己的情景式首字母缩略词。在分析人物塑造时，使用STEEPLES：Speech（言语）、Thoughts（思想）、Effect on others（对他人的影响）、Emotions（情感）、Physical appearance（外貌）、Language register（语域）、External setting（外部环境）和 Symbolic actions（象征性动作）。主动运用它：从你的指定文本中任选一段，然后逐一勾选清单中的条目。很快，这些术语便会在你给考场中的陌生文段做批注时，自动浮现在脑海里。
3. Narrative Point of View and Voice | 叙事视角与声音
The distinction between first-person narrator and third-person narrator is just the starting point. OCR expects you to name specific narrative modes such as stream of consciousness, free indirect discourse, and unreliable narrator. To lock in these terms, associate each one with a memorable classroom example. For free indirect discourse, think of how Jane Austen slips into Elizabeth Bennet’s thoughts without quotation marks: the reader hears the character’s inner voice filtered through the third-person narrative.
区分第一人称叙述者和第三人称叙述者仅仅是起点。OCR期望你能说出具体的叙述模式，比如意识流、自由间接话语和不可靠叙述者。为了牢固掌握这些术语，将每一个都和一个让你印象深刻的课堂例子联系起来。对于自由间接话语，想想简·奥斯汀是如何在不使用引号的情况下滑入伊丽莎白·班纳特的思想：读者听到的是透过第三人称叙述过滤出来的人物内心声音。
A quick memory device for focalisation is to picture a camera lens. External focalisation shows only what the camera can see—actions and words—while internal focalisation lets the camera zoom into a character’s consciousness. In OCR unseen passages, ask yourself: ‘Is the camera outside or inside the character’s head?’ This question will nudge you to mention omniscient (all-knowing) or limited perspectives, which are core analytical terms.
针对聚焦（focalisation）的一个快速记忆方法是想象一个照相机镜头。外部聚焦只展示镜头能看到的东西——行为和言语——而内部聚焦则允许镜头拉近到人物的意识中。在做OCR非指定文段阅读时，问自己：“这个镜头是在人物头脑之外还是之内？”这个问题将会推动你提及全知视角或有限视角，这些都是核心的分析用术语。
4. Phonology and Metre in Poetry | 诗歌的音韵与格律
Words like iambic pentameter, trochaic tetrameter, and spondaic substitution can seem intimidating, but you can memorise them through physical rhythm. An iamb is a ‘da-DUM’ beat (unstressed–stressed), exactly like the human heartbeat. Walk across the room silently chanting ‘I am, I am, I am’ and you will feel the pattern. To remember that a trochee reverses this to ‘DUM-da’, think of the stressed start of an angry command: ‘Shut it!’
像iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音步）、trochaic tetrameter（扬抑格四音步）和spondaic substitution（扬扬格替换）这样的词语可能看起来令人生畏，但你可以通过身体节奏来记住它们。一个抑扬格就是“轻-重”节拍（da-DUM），完全像人类的心跳。一边在房间里踱步，一边默念“I am, I am, I am”，你就能感受到那种模式。要记住trochee（扬抑格）是将此颠倒为“重-轻”（DUM-da），就想一想愤怒的命令句开头的重音：“Shut it!”
Phonological devices can be grouped by similarity. Place sibilance, assonance, and consonance in a ‘Sound Cluster’. Sibilance is the hissing s and sh sounds—link it with a snake’s hiss. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds inside words, as in ‘line’ and ‘sigh’. Consonance repeats consonant sounds without matching vowels, like ‘pitter’ and ‘patter’. Picture a snake (sibilance) next to a vowel-shaped candle (assonance) and a tin drum (consonance). That odd mental image will glue the cluster together in your memory.
语音修辞手法可以按相似性进行分组。将sibilance（嘶音）、assonance（类韵／元音谐鸣）和consonance（辅音谐鸣）归入一个“声音组”。Sibilance 就是丝丝的 /s/ 和 /sh/ 音——把它和蛇的嘶嘶声联系起来。Assonance 是单词内部元音的重复，比如 “line” 和 “sigh”。Consonance 是重复辅音但元音不匹配，比如 “pitter” 和 “patter”。想象一条蛇（sibilance）旁边放着一根元音形状的蜡烛（assonance）和一个铁皮鼓（consonance）。这幅古怪的心理画面会把这个声音组牢牢粘在你的记忆中。
5. Soliloquy, Monologue and Dialogue | 独白、独语与对白
For the OCR drama component, it is vital to distinguish among a soliloquy, a monologue, and an aside. Picture the stage: a soliloquy occurs when a character is alone, speaking thoughts aloud directly to the audience. Think Hamlet’s ‘To be, or not to be’. A monologue involves a character speaking at length, but others may be present on stage. An aside is a quick remark intended only for the audience, often with the actor turning slightly away from others. Use the mnemonic ‘SAM’ (Soliloquy—Alone; Monologue—Many can hear; Aside—Audience only) to keep them sorted.
对于OCR的戏剧模块，区分soliloquy（独白）、monologue（独语）和aside（旁白）至关重要。想象一下舞台：soliloquy 发生在角色独自一人时，把心里话大声说给观众听，比如哈姆雷特的“生存还是毁灭”。monologue 是一个角色长篇大论地说话，但舞台上可能还有其他人在场。aside 则是只对观众说的一句简短评论，演员往往会稍微转向远离其他角色的方向。用口诀‘SAM’（Soliloquy——独自一人；Monologue——多人在场；Aside——只给观众）就能把它们区分开来。
Dialogue rhythm terms like stichomythia and antilabe can be hummed. Stichomythia is the rapid-fire exchange of single lines, often in Greek tragedy or Shakespeare’s tense moments. Say ‘quick-as-a-whip’ three times fast and notice the alternating stressed pulse—that is stichomythia in action. Antilabe occurs when a single line of verse is split between two speakers, creating an urgent overlapping effect. Visualise two tennis players scrambling to return a ball before it bounces twice; the ball is the shared iambic line.
像stichomythia（交互对白）和antilabe（分拆诗行）这样的对白节奏术语可以通过哼唱来记忆。Stichomythia 是单行台词的快速交替，常见于希腊悲剧或莎士比亚作品的紧张时刻。快速连念三遍 “quick-as-a-whip”，注意其中交替的重音脉搏——那就是 stichomythia 的实际样子。Antilabe 发生在一行诗被拆开由两个说话者共同完成时，制造出一种急迫的交叠效果。想象两个网球选手在球弹跳两次之前拼命争抢回球；那个网球就是被共享的抑扬格诗行。
6. Metaphor, Simile and the Figure-Speech Family | 隐喻、明喻与修辞格家族
A simile uses ‘like’ or ‘as’ to compare; a metaphor says something is something else. But OCR also expects identification of extended metaphors, dead metaphors, and mixed metaphors. To remember the difference between metonymy and synecdoche, use the ‘crown’ test. ‘The crown’ for monarchy is metonymy—an associated symbol replacing the thing itself. If you said ‘two heads’ for two people, that would be synecdoche—a part standing for the whole. Mentally file metonymy under ‘close cousin substitution’ and synecdoche under ‘piece for the puzzle’.
Simile（明喻） 使用“像”或“如”来比拟；metaphor（隐喻） 则直接说某物是另一物。但OCR还要求能够辨认出扩展隐喻、死喻和混杂隐喻。要记住metonymy（转喻）和synecdoche（提喻）的区别，用“王冠”测试法。用“王冠”指代君主制就是转喻——用一个关联的象征取代事物本身。而如果你用“两个人头”来指两个人，那就是提喻——部分代表整体。脑内归档时把转喻放在“近亲替代”柜子里，把提喻放在“碎片拼图”柜子里。
More esoteric devices can be tethered to their Greek roots. Chiasmus comes from the Greek letter chi (χ), which looks like an X. The device crosses a phrase, as in Kennedy’s ‘Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.’ The ABBA pattern mirrors the X shape. Say ‘chi makes an X’ three times, and you will never confuse it with antithesis, which simply sets opposites side by side without the crossing structure.
一些较为生僻的修辞手法可以对应到它们的希腊词根上。Chiasmus（交错配列）源自希腊字母 chi（χ），形状像一个 X。这个手法会将短语交叉排列，比如肯尼迪那句“不要问国家能为你做什么，问问你能为国家做什么”。ABBA 的结构镜像般映射出 X 的形状。默念三遍“chi makes an X”，你就再也不会把它和antithesis（对偶）弄混了，后者只是简单地把对立面并置，而没有交叉结构。
7. Irony, Tone and Mood with a Colour Palette | 用调色板记忆反讽、语气与基调
Students often stumble on the nuances between verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony. A quick fix is to give each one a character. Verbal irony is a sarcastic neighbour who says ‘Lovely weather!’ while it pours. Situational irony is a fire station burning down—the opposite of expectation. Dramatic irony is when you know the killer is hiding in the closet, but the on-screen heroine does not. Assign the neighbour, the fire station, and the horror movie still to memory; then in the exam, recall the scene.
学生在区分verbal irony（言语反讽）、situational irony（情境反讽）和dramatic irony（戏剧性反讽）的细微差别时常常绊倒。一个速决办法是给每种反讽分配一个角色。言语反讽是一位爱挖苦人的邻居，下着倾盆大雨他却说“天气真好呀！”。情境反讽是消防站自己着火了——完全违背预期。戏剧性反讽是当你知道杀人犯就藏在衣柜里，而屏幕上的女主角却毫不知情。把那位邻居、着火的消防站和那部恐怖电影的定格画面存入记忆；在考场上，你回忆起这些场景，术语就会浮现。
Tone and mood are frequently confused. Tone is the speaker’s attitude; mood is the atmosphere a text creates for the reader. Borrow a colour palette to differentiate them. If a passage’s tone is lugubrious, colour it deep grey; if effervescent, bright yellow. The mood might be foreboding—paint it dark purple. By associating each precise adjective with a shade, you build a sensory bridge. The OCR mark scheme rewards finely tuned adjectives like wistful, didactic, reverential, or caustic. Print a list of twenty tone words beside a colour gradient and train your brain to match them until the link becomes automatic.
语气（tone）和基调（mood）经常被混淆。语气是说话者的态度；基调是文本为读者营造的氛围。借用一套调色板来区分两者。如果一段文字的语气是lugubrious（阴郁哀伤的），就涂上深灰色；如果是effervescent（欢腾奔放的），就涂上亮黄色。而基调可能是foreboding（不祥预兆的）——用暗紫色来描绘。通过将每一个精准的形容词关联到一种色调，你就搭建起了一座感官桥梁。OCR的评分方案会奖励那些经过精心选择的形容词，比如wistful（惆怅的）、didactic（说教的）、reverential（恭敬的）或caustic（尖刻挖苦的）。打印一份含有二十个语气词的清单，旁边配上渐变色卡，训练你的大脑去匹配它们，直到这种链接变得自动化。
8. Structure and Form Made Visual | 结构与形式的视觉化记忆
When OCR asks you to comment on ‘form’, it invites discussion of genre conventions as well as the physical shape of the text. For poetry, think of the difference between a sonnet, a villanelle, and free verse as different kinds of dance. A sonnet is a strict waltz with a predetermined number of steps (14 lines, volta, often a couplet finale). A villanelle is a circle dance where two refrains keep returning in a fixed pattern. Free verse is contemporary dance—no set steps but deliberate movement. Choreographing the form helps you remember structural terms like quatrain, sestet, refrain, and envoi.
当OCR要求你评论“形式”时，它是在邀请你讨论文类惯例以及文本的物理形状。对于诗歌，可以把sonnet（十四行诗）、villanelle（维拉内尔诗）和free verse（自由诗）看作是不同类型的舞蹈。十四行诗是一种步数固定的严格华尔兹（14行，转合点，常以对句收尾）。维拉内尔诗则是一种回旋舞，两行叠句按照固定模式反复出现。自由诗是现代舞——没有固定舞步，但动作却是经过思量的。为诗体编排舞蹈能帮助你记住quatrain（四行诗节）、sestet（六行诗节）、refrain（叠句）和envoi（跋辞）这类结构术语。
For novels and plays, draw a simple shape map of the whole text during revision. For instance, a circular structure might show the protagonist returning to the same location changed. This map will anchor words like denouement, climax, inciting incident, and anagnorisis. The physical act of sketching imprints the terminology in a different part of your brain, giving you a second retrieval route on exam day.
对于小说和戏剧，复习时画出整部文本的简单形状图。例如，一个环形结构可能展示主人公回到了同一个地点，但已经物是人非。这张图将锚定denouement（结局）、climax（高潮）、inciting incident（激励事件）和anagnorisis（发现／突转）这类词语。动手绘制草图这个动作能把术语烙印在你大脑的另一片区域，为你在考试当天提供第二条提取路径。
9. Context and Critical Theories in Bite-Sized Chunks | 语境与批评理论的分块记忆
OCR’s emphasis on exploring connections between text and context means you need a working vocabulary of critical concepts such as Marxist criticism, feminist reading, colonial discourse, and psychoanalytic interpretation. Rather than memorising long definitions, create a minimal ‘calling card’ for each lens. Marxist criticism cards might say: ‘Power, class, economic forces, ideology.’ Feminist: ‘Gender, patriarchy, agency, the male gaze.’ Keep each card in your revision pack and, after reading a chapter, pull out a card and ask what that lens would highlight. The repetition of those keywords across multiple chapters will hard-wire them into your critical vocabulary.
OCR注重探索文本与语境之间的联系，这意味着你需要掌握一批批评概念的工作词汇，比如马克思主义批评、女性主义解读、殖民话语和精神分析阐释。与其背诵冗长的定义，不如为每一种视角制作一张极简的“名片”。马克思主义批评的卡片上可以写：“权力、阶级、经济力量、意识形态”。女性主义的卡片上则写着：“性别、父权制、能动性、男性凝视”。把每张卡片放进你的复习包，读完一章后，抽出一张卡片并问问自己这种视角会凸显什么。这些关键词通过多章节的重复，最终会牢固地接入你的批评词汇库。
For historical context, try a timeline strip linking key dates to the author’s life and major events. On the strip, jot down terms like Victorian morality, post-war disillusionment, modernist fragmentation. Visualise the timeline stretched across your bedroom wall; practice walking along it while naming the terms. Associating a historical period with a physical location in space turns abstract vocabulary into a concrete memory palace.
对于历史语境，可以试试用一条时间轴胶条，把关键日期和作者生平以及重大事件联系起来。在胶条上随手写下Victorian morality（维多利亚道德观）、post-war disillusionment（战后幻灭感）、modernist fragmentation（现代主义碎片化）等术语。想象这条时间轴贴在你卧室的墙壁上；练习一边沿着它走动一边说出这些术语。将某个历史时期与空间中的一个具体位置关联起来，能把抽象的词汇变成一座具体的记忆宫殿。
10. Active Recall with Flashcard Layering | 用分层闪卡进行主动回忆
Passive re-reading of glossaries yields poor retention. Instead, build a deck of layered flashcards. On the front, write only the literary term, e.g. bathos. On the back, create three zones: Zone 1 gives a one-sentence definition; Zone 2 offers an example from a set text; Zone 3 prompts a higher-order analytical use, such as ‘How does the writer create a bathetic shift, and what is its effect on the reader?’ When you test yourself, aim to recall all three zones. If you can only get Zone 1, put the card back in the daily review pile. If you reach Zone 3, shift it to a ‘mastered’ pile reviewed less frequently.
被动地反复阅读术语表效果甚微。相反，建立一套分层闪卡。正面只写文学术语，比如bathos（突降法）。背面则创建三个区域：区域1写一句定义；区域2给出一个指定文本中的例子；区域3提示一个高阶分析用法，例如“作者是如何制造突降转折的，它对读者产生什么效果？”当你自测时，要力求回忆起全部三个区域。如果只能想起区域1，就把卡片放回每日复习的那堆。如果能达到区域3，就把它挪到“已掌握”那一堆，降低复习频率。
Pair this with a weekly ‘terminology burst’ essay plan. Take a past OCR question and write only the introductory paragraph and a bullet-point outline of all the technical terms you would use. Then tick them off against a master checklist. You will quickly spot gaps—perhaps you keep forgetting to discuss cacophony or imperative voice. Target those terms with extra flashcards. This active, self-testing approach turns vocabulary learning from a chore into a measurable, confidence-building routine.
将此与每周一次的“术语突袭”文章大纲结合起来。找一道往年的OCR考题，只写引入段落和一个包含你可能用到的所有术语的要点式提纲。然后把它们和一张主核对清单进行核对。你很快就会发现自己知识上的空白——或许你总是忘记讨论cacophony（噪音效果）或imperative voice（命令语气）。针对这些术语增加额外的闪卡进行突击。这种主动的、以自测为导向的方法，能把词汇学习从一件苦差事变成一个可以有形衡量、并且能建立信心的日常习惯。
11. Synaesthetic Association: Linking Terms to Physical Sensations | 联觉联结：将术语与身体感觉挂钩
Another powerful memory technique is to attach a physical sensation to abstract literary vocabulary. Touch your index finger to your thumb every time you see alliteration—the crisp, repeated initial sounds feel like tiny taps. When you encounter enjambment, let your hand glide sideways in a continuous motion, mimicking how one line spills into the next without punctuation. These micro-gestures build a motor pathway that reinforces verbal memory, which can be silently performed during an exam to trigger recall without disturbing others.
另一个强大的记忆技巧是将身体感觉与抽象的文学词汇联系起来。每当你看到alliteration（头韵），就用食指轻点拇指——那清脆重复的开头辅音就如同一次次轻微的敲击。当遇到enjambment（跨行连续）时，让你的手向一侧流畅地滑动，模仿诗句毫无停顿地流入下一行的状态。这些微小的手势能构建一条强化语言记忆的运动通路，在考场上你可以不出声地做这些动作来触发记忆，而不会打扰别人。
For particularly stubborn terms like zeugma or paralipsis, invent a sharp sensory story. Zeugma is a single verb yoking two objects, often one literal and one metaphorical: ‘He stole my heart and my wallet.’ Imagine a thief literally yanking a glowing heart and a leather wallet from your pocket with the same tug—the physical absurdity makes the term unforgettable. Paralipsis is drawing attention by claiming to pass over something: ‘I won’t mention his debts.’ Imagine a stage performer theatrically hiding a giant bill behind their back while announcing they will not mention it. The stronger the image’s sensory charge, the deeper the encoding.
对于像zeugma（轭式搭配）或paralipsis（假省笔法）这样特别顽固的术语，创造一个鲜活的感觉故事。Zeugma 是用一个动词同时支配两个宾语，往往一个实指一个喻指：“他偷走了我的心和钱包。”想象一个小偷从你的口袋里猛地一起扯出一颗发光的心和一个皮钱包——这种身体上的荒诞感使得术语永志不忘。Paralipsis 是通过声称要略过某事来引起注意：“我不会提他欠债的事。”想象一个舞台演员戏剧性地把一张巨额账单藏在身后，同时宣布自己不会提及它。这幅画面带来的感官冲击越强，记忆的编码也就越深。
12. Low-Stakes Quizzing and the Feynman Technique | 低风险自测与费曼技巧
The most efficient way to identify weak spots is to teach a term to an empty chair. Set a timer for two minutes and explain, aloud and in plain English, everything you understand about pathetic fallacy, anaphora, or iambic inversion. If your explanation becomes muddled, you have found a gap. Craft a fresh, simple analogy on the spot: pathetic fallacy is the weather crying along with the character; anaphora is a hammer tapping the same note repeatedly. This process—based on the Feynman Technique—repairs fragile knowledge faster than any amount of silent reading.
找出薄弱环节最有效的方法就是教给一把空椅子。设一个两分钟的计时器，然后大声用平实的英语解释你对pathetic fallacy（情感谬误）、anaphora（首语重复）或iambic inversion（抑扬格倒置）所理解的一切。如果你的解释变得含糊混乱，你就找到了一个漏洞。当场打造一个新鲜、简单的类比：pathetic fallacy 就是天气跟着人物一起哭泣；anaphora 就像一把锤子在不断敲击同一个音符。这个基于费曼技巧的过程，修复知识脆弱点的速度比任何数量的默读都要快。
Integrate a ten-minute low-stakes terminology quiz into each revision session. Use a random term generator (or a jar with slips of paper) and challenge yourself
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