📚 Université PSL (Paris Sciences et Lettres) | 巴黎科学艺术人文大学
Université PSL (Paris Sciences et Lettres) is one of France's most distinguished universities, located in Paris and built around a unique federation of 11 constituent institutions. Its roots reach back to 1794, and today it brings science, arts and humanities together in a single academic ecosystem. This guide explains what PSL is, how it is structured, what it is known for, and what students can expect.
巴黎科学艺术人文大学（Université Paris Sciences et Lettres，简称 PSL）是法国最负盛名的高等学府之一，坐落于巴黎，由 11 所学院和研究机构组成的独特联盟构成。其历史可追溯至 1794 年，如今将科学、艺术与人文学科融于同一学术生态。本文将介绍 PSL 的定位、架构、优势学科、跨学科特色、国际合作、申请与就业前景。
1. What Is Université PSL? | PSL 是一所怎样的大学？
PSL is a public research university in Paris. It is not a single-wall campus in the traditional sense; its member institutions are spread across the city, from the Latin Quarter to the Observatoire de Paris and the Curie campus. It is often described as a collegiate university because students and researchers belong to both a small home institution and the wider PSL community.
PSL 是巴黎的一所公立研究型大学。它并非传统意义上围墙内的单一校园，其成员机构分布在巴黎多地，从拉丁区到巴黎天文台、居里校区。它常被形容为一所学院制大学，因为学生和研究人员既属于一所小型的母机构，也属于更广泛的 PSL 学术共同体。
In global rankings, PSL is consistently placed among the top universities in France and in the top tier worldwide. Its reputation rests on intensive research, small-group teaching and a strong culture of academic mentorship.
在全球排名中，PSL 长期位居法国顶尖大学之列，并处于世界第一梯队。其声誉建立在密集的科研、小班教学和浓厚的学术导师文化之上。
- Location: Paris, France, with sites in the 5th, 6th and 14th arrondissements and beyond.
位置：法国巴黎，校区与机构分布在第五区、第六区、第十四区及周边地区。 - Model: A federation of 11 constituent institutions.
模式：由 11 所成员学院和研究机构组成的联盟。 - Strength: Science, technology, humanities and arts.
优势：科学、技术、人文学科与艺术。
2. Historical Roots: From 1794 to Today | 历史沿革：从 1794 年至今
PSL's history is older than its name. Its oldest strand is the Collège de France, founded in 1530, while the Observatoire de Paris dates from 1667 and the École des Mines from 1783. The École normale supérieure, the intellectual heart of PSL, was founded in 1794 during the French Revolution. Other members, such as ESPCI Paris, Chimie ParisTech and Institut Curie, grew out of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
PSL 的历史比它的名字更悠久。其最古老的脉络是 1530 年创立的法兰西公学院；巴黎天文台始建于 1667 年，巴黎矿业学院始于 1783 年。PSL 的思想核心巴黎高等师范学院成立于法国大革命期间的 1794 年。其他成员如巴黎高等物理化工学院、巴黎高等化学学院和居里研究所，则诞生于 19 世纪与 20 世纪初。
The modern PSL was formally organized as a research university initiative in 2010 and later became an experimental public institution in 2019. This legal status allows the federation to act as a single university while preserving the identity and autonomy of its historic schools.
现代意义上的 PSL 于 2010 年正式以研究型大学计划的形式组织起来，随后在 2019 年成为实验性公立机构。这一法律地位使联盟能够作为一所大学运作，同时保留其历史名校的身份与自主性。
3. A Unique Institutional Architecture: 11 Constituent Institutions | 独特的院校架构：11 所成员机构
PSL's most distinctive feature is its architecture. Instead of merging all departments into one giant campus, it coordinates 11 constituent institutions, each with its own admissions, traditions and research culture. Some are grandes écoles, some are research institutes, and one is a university focused on social sciences and management.
PSL 最鲜明的特点是其架构。它没有把所有院系合并成一个巨型校园，而是协调 11 所成员机构，每所机构都有自己的招生方式、传统和科研文化。其中既有大学校，也有研究所，还有一所侧重社会科学与管理的大学。
- ENS-PSL: École normale supérieure, known for mathematics, philosophy, literature and science.
巴黎高师：以数学、哲学、文学和科学闻名。 - Collège de France: France's most prestigious public research and lecture institution.
法兰西公学院：法国最具声望的公共研究与讲座机构。 - Chimie ParisTech and ESPCI Paris: Leading chemistry, physics and engineering schools.
巴黎高化与巴黎高物化：顶尖的化学、物理与工程院校。 - Mines ParisTech: A historic engineering school with strong links to industry.
巴黎矿业学院：历史悠久的工程师学校，与产业联系紧密。 - Observatoire de Paris: A world centre for astronomy and astrophysics.
巴黎天文台：世界天文学与天体物理研究中心。 - Institut Curie: A leading cancer research and treatment centre founded around Marie Curie's legacy.
居里研究所：围绕居里夫人遗产建立的顶尖癌症研究与治疗中心。 - Université Paris-Dauphine: Strong in economics, management, law and social sciences.
巴黎第九大学：在经济、管理、法律和社会科学方面实力突出。
PSL also works with associated institutions such as the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, EnsAD, CNSAD and La Fémis, which extend its reach into fine arts, design, drama and film.
PSL 还与巴黎国立高等美术学院、国立高等装饰艺术学院、国立高等戏剧艺术学院和 La Fémis 等关联机构合作，将其影响力延伸至美术、设计、戏剧和电影领域。
4. Scientific Excellence: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry | 科学与技术优势：数学、物理与化学
Science and technology are PSL's flagship strengths. Mathematics, physics and chemistry are traditional pillars. ENS-PSL has an extraordinary record in mathematics: many Fields Medalists have studied or taught there, and its mathematics department is widely regarded as one of the best in the world. Physics benefits from laboratories linked to ENS, Collège de France and the Observatoire de Paris. Chemistry is supported by Chimie ParisTech, ESPCI Paris and Institut Curie.
科学与技术是 PSL 的王牌优势，数学、物理和化学是其传统支柱。巴黎高师在数学领域成绩惊人：多位菲尔兹奖得主曾在此学习或任教，其数学系被广泛视为世界顶尖之一。物理学受益于巴黎高师、法兰西公学院和巴黎天文台相关的实验室。化学则由巴黎高化、巴黎高物化和居里研究所支撑。
Research in these fields is not confined to the classroom. Undergraduates can join laboratory teams, attend advanced seminars and work on real research problems under the supervision of senior scientists. This early exposure to research is one reason PSL graduates are highly sought after by doctoral programmes worldwide.
这些领域的研究并不局限于课堂。本科生可以加入实验室团队、参加高级研讨课，并在资深科学家的指导下研究真实的科研问题。这种早期科研接触，是 PSL 毕业生受到全球博士项目青睐的原因之一。
5. World-Class Faculty and Research Facilities | 世界级师资与实验条件
PSL's faculty includes researchers affiliated with major French national research organizations such as CNRS, INSERM and INRAE. Many professors are members of prestigious academies, and several have received Nobel Prizes, Fields Medals and other international awards. Teaching is often delivered in small groups, with tutorials, oral examinations and research projects.
PSL 的师资包括许多隶属于法国国家科研中心、国家健康与医学研究院和国家农业研究院等国家级科研机构的研究人员。不少教授是著名学术院院士，还有多位诺贝尔奖、菲尔兹奖及其他国际奖项得主。教学常以小班形式进行，辅以习题课、口试和科研项目。
Facilities range from historic libraries and astronomical observatories to modern chemistry, physics, biology and data science laboratories. Students also gain access to hospital-linked research at Institut Curie and to engineering platforms at Mines ParisTech and ESPCI.
教学科研设施涵盖历史悠久的图书馆、天文观测台，以及现代化的化学、物理、生物学和数据科学实验室。学生还可利用居里研究所的医院相关研究资源，以及巴黎矿业学院和巴黎高物化的工程平台。
6. Humanities: Literature, Linguistics and History | 人文学科：文学、语言学与历史学
Humanities are not a side subject at PSL; they are one of its three founding pillars. The university offers deep programmes in literature, linguistics, philosophy, history, classics and related fields. The Collège de France and ENS-PSL provide an environment where students can work closely with leading scholars and access exceptional library and archival collections.
人文学科在 PSL 并非附属科目，而是其三大奠基支柱之一。学校在文学、语言学、哲学、历史学、古典学及相关领域提供深厚的课程。法兰西公学院和巴黎高师营造了一种环境，让学生能够与顶尖学者密切合作，并使用卓越的图书馆与档案资源。
Research opportunities in the humanities include seminars, editing projects, translation workshops and interdisciplinary programmes that connect texts with social sciences, digital methods and cultural institutions.
人文学科的研究机会包括研讨课、编辑项目、翻译工作坊，以及将文本与社会科学、数字方法和文化机构联系起来的跨学科项目。
7. Arts: Music, Fine Arts and Design | 艺术领域：音乐、美术与设计
The arts are another signature of PSL. Through its associated schools, PSL covers fine arts, decorative arts, drama, film and music-related research. The École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts and EnsAD train artists and designers; CNSAD and La Fémis develop actors, directors and filmmakers. Music and sound research are supported by partnerships with institutions such as IRCAM, a world centre for contemporary music and acoustic research.
艺术是 PSL 的另一张名片。通过其关联院校，PSL 覆盖美术、装饰艺术、戏剧、电影以及与音乐相关的研究。巴黎国立高等美术学院和国立高等装饰艺术学院培养艺术家与设计师；国立高等戏剧艺术学院和 La Fémis 培养演员、导演和电影人。音乐与声音研究则得到 IRCAM 等机构的合作支持，后者是当代音乐与声学研究的世界中心。
Students in the arts can combine studio practice with art history, philosophy, science and technology. This mix encourages experimentation and helps graduates move between creative industries, research and cultural institutions.
艺术类学生可以将工作室实践与艺术史、哲学、科学技术结合起来。这种组合鼓励实验精神，帮助毕业生在创意产业、研究和文化机构之间自由发展。
8. Interdisciplinarity and Innovation | 跨学科协作与创新研究
PSL actively promotes interdisciplinarity. Students may take courses across member institutions, and research centres bring together mathematicians, physicists, biologists, philosophers, artists and social scientists. The goal is to break down barriers between fields and generate new questions and methods.
PSL 积极推动跨学科。学生可以跨成员机构选课，研究中心则把数学家、物理学家、生物学家、哲学家、艺术家和社会科学家聚集在一起。目标是打破学科壁垒，催生新的问题与方法。
Innovation and entrepreneurship are also encouraged. PSL supports start-up incubation, technology transfer and partnerships with industry. For students, this means opportunities to turn research ideas into projects, prototypes or public-facing work.
创新与创业同样受到鼓励。PSL 支持初创企业孵化、技术转移
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