📚 CAIE Drama Year 10: Quick Vocabulary and Terminology Guide | CAIE 戏剧 Year 10：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the specific language of drama is the first step towards confident performance and high marks in your CAIE Year 10 course. This guide breaks down essential vocabulary into clear categories, with paired English and Chinese explanations to accelerate your learning. Use it to revise terminology for both devised and scripted work, and you will find your written reflections and practical rehearsals becoming far more precise.
掌握戏剧的专用语言是你在 CAIE Year 10 课程中自信表演和获得高分的第一步。本指南将核心词汇按清晰类别分解，并配以中英文对照解释，助你加速记忆。无论用于原创作品还是剧本排演，熟记这些术语都将让你的书面反思和实际排练变得更加精准。
1. Key Performance Skills | 关键表演技能
Performance skills are the tools every actor uses to bring a character to life on stage. They are often divided into vocal and physical skills, but also include the ability to react, listen, and maintain focus.
表演技能是每位演员在舞台上赋予角色生命所使用的工具。它们通常分为声音技能和形体技能，但也包括反应、倾听和保持专注的能力。
Projection – directing the voice clearly to reach the entire audience without shouting.
投射——清晰地引导声音，使全场观众都能听到而无须喊叫。
Articulation – the crisp, precise shaping of consonants and vowels so every word is understood.
吐字——清晰准确地发出辅音和元音，确保每个词都被听清。
Facial expression – using the muscles of the face to convey emotion, thought, and reaction.
面部表情——运用面部肌肉传达情感、思想和反应。
Gesture – a movement of the hand, arm, or head that communicates meaning or reinforces speech.
手势——用手、手臂或头部的动作来传递意义或强化语言。
Posture – how the body is held; it instantly signals a character's status, age, or emotional state.
体态——身体的姿态；它瞬间就能暗示角色的地位、年龄或情绪状态。
2. Vocal Techniques | 声音技巧
Vocal delivery shapes the audience's understanding of a character's inner world. Control over pitch, pace, and tone can completely alter meaning.
声音的运用决定了观众对角色内心世界的理解。对音高、语速和语气的控制可以彻底改变台词的含义。
Pitch – how high or low the voice is; used to show excitement, fear, authority, or tenderness.
音高——声音的高低；用来表现兴奋、恐惧、威严或温柔。
Pace – the speed at which lines are delivered; a sudden slowdown can build suspense while a rapid pace can suggest panic.
语速——台词表达的速度；突然放慢能制造悬念，快速则可能暗示惊慌失措。
Pause – a deliberate silence; often more powerful than words, allowing tension to breathe.
停顿——有意的沉默；往往比话语更有力，让张力得以呼吸。
Tone – the emotional quality of the voice, such as sarcastic, warm, or icy.
语气——声音的情感色彩，如讽刺、温暖或冰冷。
Intonation – the rise and fall of pitch within a phrase, shaping meaning and musicality.
语调——词组内音高的起伏升降，塑造意义和音乐性。
3. Physicality and Movement | 形体与动作
An actor's body is their primary instrument. Precise control of movement, weight, and spatial relationships communicates as much as the spoken text.
演员的身体是其首要工具。对动作、重心和空间关系的精确控制传达的信息不亚于台词。
Blocking – the planned movement and positioning of actors on stage, decided during rehearsal.
走位调度——排练中确定的演员在舞台上的移动和位置安排。
Stance – the way a character stands, distributing weight to show confidence, timidity, or aggression.
站姿——角色站立的方式，通过重心分配展示自信、胆怯或攻击性。
Gait – a character's distinctive manner of walking, which can reveal age, injury, or personality.
步态——角色独特的行走方式，可揭示年龄、伤病或性格。
Proxemics – the use of physical distance between characters to define their relationship or status.
空间关系学——利用角色间的身体距离来界定其关系或地位。
Stillness – complete physical quietness; it can draw focus, create tension, or signal emotional weight.
静止——完全的形体安静；能吸引注意力、制造紧张或暗示情感重量。
4. Stage Directions and Areas | 舞台方位与区域
Stage directions are given from the actor's perspective, facing the audience. It is essential to know these terms to follow a script or director's instructions accurately.
舞台方位是从演员面对观众时的视角给出的。准确掌握这些术语对于遵循剧本或导演指令至关重要。
Upstage – the area of the stage furthest from the audience.
后台/上方——离观众最远的舞台区域。
Downstage – the area closest to the audience; often used for moments of high emotional connection.
前台/下方——最靠近观众的区域；常用于情感高度连接的瞬间。
Stage Left – the actor's left when facing the audience.
舞台左方——演员面向观众时的左侧。
Stage Right – the actor's right when facing the audience.
舞台右方——演员面向观众时的右侧。
Centre Stage – the middle area, naturally commanding the highest focus.
舞台中央——中间区域，自然吸引最高关注度。
Cross – to move from one part of the stage to another, often abbreviated as 'X' in scripts.
穿越移动——从舞台一处移至另一处，剧本中常缩写为 'X'。
5. Character Development Terms | 角色发展术语
Developing a believable character requires more than learning lines. These terms relate to the internal work actors do to build a role.
塑造一个令人信服的角色远不止背台词。这些术语涉及演员构建角色所做的内在工作。
Objective – what a character wants to achieve in a scene (the 'want').
目标/动机——角色在一场戏中想要达成的目的（即“所欲”）。
Super-objective – the character's overarching desire across the entire play.
总体目标——角色贯穿全剧的根本欲望。
Subtext – the unspoken meaning beneath the lines; what the character is really thinking.
潜台词——台词之下未说出口的含义；角色真正的想法。
Motivation – the reason behind a character's actions, often linked to their past or circumstances.
动机——角色行为背后的原因，常与其过往经历或处境相关。
Given circumstances – all the facts provided by the playwright about the character's world, including time, place, and relationships.
规定情境——剧作家提供的关于角色世界的全部事实，包括时间、地点和人物关系。
6. Rehearsal and Devising Terms | 排练与创作术语
CAIE Drama involves both scripted work and creating original pieces. These terms will appear in your process journal and rehearsals.
CAIE 戏剧课程既包括剧本演绎，也涉及原创作品创作。这些术语将出现在你的过程日志和排练中。
Devising – the collaborative process of creating original performance material from a stimulus.
创作/即构——基于一个出发点，协作生成原创表演素材的过程。
Stimulus – anything that triggers a creative starting point, such as a poem, image, or news article.
灵感出发点——触发创作起点的事物，如一首诗、一幅画或一篇新闻。
Improvisation – creating dialogue and action spontaneously without a pre-written script.
即兴表演——在没有预先写就的剧本下，即时生成对话和动作。
Hot-seating – a character exploration technique where the actor, in role, answers questions from the group.
角色拷问——一种角色探索方法，演员以角色身份回答团队提问。
Tableau – a frozen picture created by actors' bodies to capture a key moment or theme.
静态画面/定格——演员用身体构成的凝固画面，用以捕捉关键时刻或主题。
7. Dramatic Conventions | 戏剧惯例
Conventions are the established techniques that shape how a story is told in performance. Recognising these helps you craft more sophisticated devised pieces.
惯例是塑造表演中故事叙述方式的既定技巧。识别这些惯例有助你创作更精巧的原创作品。
Monologue – an extended speech by one character, revealing inner thoughts to the audience.
独白——由一个角色进行的大段台词，向观众袒露内心想法。
Soliloquy – a type of monologue where the character speaks their thoughts aloud while alone on stage.
旁白式独白——角色独自在台上时，大声说出自己思考的一种独白形式。
Aside – a remark directed to the audience, unheard by other characters on stage.
旁白——向观众说出的台词，台上其他角色听不到。
Breaking the fourth wall – directly acknowledging the audience, shattering the imaginary wall between performers and watchers.
打破第四堵墙——直接向观众致意，击碎表演者与观看者之间的想象之墙。
Narration – spoken commentary that tells the audience parts of the story, often structuring the action.
叙述——告知观众部分故事线索的口头评述，常用于结构动作。
8. Genre and Style | 体裁与风格
A performance's genre determines its conventions and audience expectations. You must be able to name and apply different genres in both practical work and written exams.
演出的体裁决定了其惯例和观众的期待。在实践和笔试中，你必须能够命名并运用不同的体裁。
Naturalism – a style aiming to recreate real life as faithfully as possible on stage, with authentic dialogue and behaviour.
自然主义——一种旨在舞台上尽可能忠实地再现真实生活的风格，对话和行为追求逼真。
Epic theatre – a style associated with Brecht that uses alienation techniques to make the audience think critically rather than emotionally.
史诗剧——与布莱希特相关的风格，使用间离手法促使观众理性思考而非情感卷入。
Physical theatre – a style where movement and the body are the primary storytelling tools, often blending dance and mime.
形体剧场——以动作和身体为主要叙事工具的风格，常融合舞蹈与哑剧。
Melodrama – a sensational drama with exaggerated characters and exciting events, clearly distinguishing good and evil.
情节剧——一种耸人听闻的戏剧，人物夸张、事件波澜，善恶分明。
Commedia dell'arte – an Italian Renaissance style using stock characters, masks, and improvised scenarios.
即兴喜剧——一种意大利文艺复兴风格，使用定型角色、面具和即兴剧情框架。
9. Lighting and Sound Terminology | 灯光与音效术语
Technical elements are not just decoration; they create atmosphere, indicate location, and guide the audience's emotional response.
技术元素不仅仅是点缀；它们营造氛围、指示地点并引导观众的情感反应。
Blackout – a sudden and complete cut of all stage lighting, used to mark the end of a scene or create shock.
暗场——所有舞台灯光突然完全熄灭，用以标记场景结束或制造震惊效果。
Fade – a gradual increase (fade up) or decrease (fade down) of light or sound intensity.
淡入/淡出——灯光或音效强度逐渐增强（淡入）或减弱（淡出）。
Cross-fade – one lighting state or sound cue fades out while another fades in simultaneously.
交叉淡变——一个灯光状态或音效提示淡出，另一个同时淡入。
Diegetic sound – sound that originates from within the world of the play, like a telephone ringing that characters can hear.
剧情内音效——源自戏剧世界内部的声音，如角色能听到的电话铃声。
Non-diegetic sound – sound added for the audience's benefit that characters cannot hear, such as a filmic underscore.
非剧情内音效——为观众添加、角色听不到的声音，如电影式背景音乐。
10. Set, Props, and Costume | 布景、道具与服装
Design elements provide immediate visual information about the world of the play. Knowing the correct terminology shows your understanding of the whole production.
设计元素为戏剧世界提供了即时的视觉信息。使用正确的术语能展现你对整个制作的理解。
Set – the physical surroundings, including flats, platforms, and furniture, that define the performance space.
布景——界定表演空间的物理环境，包括景片、平台和家具。
Prop – any object handled by an actor during a performance, from a letter to a weapon.
道具——演员在演出中操作的任何物品，从一封信件到一件武器。
Costume – the clothes a performer wears, chosen to communicate character, period, and status.
服装——演员穿着的衣物，用以传达角色、时代和地位。
Mask – a covering for the face, used to transform the actor, depersonalise, or create a heightened effect.
面具——面部遮盖物，用于转化演员身份、去个人化或制造强化效果。
Sightlines – the view of the stage from different audience positions; blocking must be planned with sightlines in mind.
视线——不同观众位置观看舞台的视角；走位调度必须考虑视线安排。
11. Tension and Structure | 张力与结构
Understanding how drama is built from its internal structure helps you create compelling performances and analyse scripts with depth.
理解戏剧如何从其内在结构建构而成，有助你创作引人入胜的表演并深度分析剧本。
Tension – the emotional intensity created by conflict, suspense, or anticipation that keeps the audience engaged.
张力——由冲突、悬念或期待所营造的情感强度，使观众保持投入。
Climax – the moment of highest tension or turning point in a scene or play, where the outcome becomes inevitable.
高潮——一场戏或全剧中张力最高或转折的时刻，结局自此不可避免。
Resolution – the settling of conflicts after the climax, moving towards a final conclusion.
结局/解决——高潮后冲突的平息，向着最终结论推进。
Dramatic irony – when the audience knows more about the situation than the characters on stage, creating a layered tension.
戏剧反讽——观众比台上角色更了解情况，由此产生更深层的张力。
Contrast – deliberately juxtaposing different moods, paces, or dynamics to highlight each one more sharply.
对比——有意并置不同的情绪、节奏或力度，使彼此更加鲜明突出。
12. Assessment Vocabulary | 评估词汇
For written reflections, you need precise language to describe your own work and that of others. These terms will help you move beyond 'good' or 'bad'.
在书面反思中，你需要精准的语言来描述自己和他人的作品。这些术语将帮助你超越“好”或“坏”的评价。
Evaluate – to make a justified judgement about the success of a performance element, using evidence.
评估——基于证据，对某个表演元素的成功之处作出有理由的判断。
Analyse – to break down a performance into its component parts, explaining their effect and interrelationship.
分析——将表演拆解为其组成部分，解释其效果和相互关系。
Rehearsal technique – a specific exercise used to develop skills or explore character, such as mirroring or thought-tracking.
排练技巧——用于发展技能或探索角色的特定练习，如镜子模仿或思维追踪。
Effectiveness – how well a chosen skill or convention achieves its intended impact on the audience.
效果——所选技能或惯例对观众达成预期影响的优劣程度。
Variation – the deliberate use of change in vocal or physical delivery to sustain interest and reflect shifts in emotion.
变化——在声音或形体呈现中有意运用改变，以维持兴趣并反映情感转换。
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