📚 Year 10 CAIE French: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 10 CAIE 法语：词汇术语速记指南
Building a strong bank of French vocabulary is the most reliable way to boost your performance across the listening, reading, speaking and writing papers in the CAIE IGCSE French exam. This guide walks you through thematic word groups, memory techniques and high-frequency terms that Year 10 learners need to internalise, so you can recall them quickly and use them accurately under pressure.
积累扎实的法语词汇库，是提升你在 CAIE IGCSE 法语听力、阅读、口语和写作各卷表现的最可靠途径。本指南将带领 Year 10 的学生梳理主题词群、记忆技巧和高频术语，帮助你快速记忆并在考试压力下准确运用。
1. Core Thematic Vocabulary Categories | 核心主题词汇分类
CAIE IGCSE French organises vocabulary around five broad themes: Everyday activities, Personal and social life, The world around us, The world of work, and The international world. Under each theme, topics such as home, school, food, health, holidays, environment and technology appear regularly. Start by grouping new words under these topic headings rather than learning them in isolation. For example, collect all food-related nouns, verbs and adjectives together, and associate them with a specific exam task, such as describing a meal or ordering in a restaurant.
CAIE IGCSE 法语将词汇围绕五大主题组织：日常活动、个人与社会生活、我们周围的世界、职场世界以及国际世界。在每个主题下，家庭、学校、食品、健康、假期、环境、科技等话题反复出现。你要做的不是孤立地背单词，而是按这些话题标签将新词归类。例如，把所有与食品相关的名词、动词和形容词归在一起，并将它们与具体的考试任务——如描述一顿饭或在餐厅点餐——联系起来。
| Topic (sujet) | French | English | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Family | le beau-père | stepfather / father-in-law | 继父/岳父 |
| School | la matière | subject | 科目 |
| Food | la crème fraîche | sour cream | 酸奶油 |
| Health | guérir | to heal / recover | 治愈/康复 |
Keep a topic-based notebook or digital document. Every time you encounter a new word from a past paper or textbook, place it under the correct category and write a short example sentence. This builds a mental map, making retrieval during the exam faster and more natural.
准备一本按话题分类的笔记本或电子文档。每次在做真题或课本中遇到新词，就把它放进正确类别并写一个简短的例句。这能构建思维地图，让考试时的词汇提取更快、更自然。
2. Cognates: Your Instant Vocabulary Boosters | 同源词：词汇量的速增器
Cognates are words that share a common origin between French and English. Because around 30% of English words come from French, you already know hundreds of them. Words ending in -tion (information, nation, condition), -al (animal, capital, loyal), and -able (adorable, capable, confortable) are almost always the same or very similar. Recognising them not only saves revision time but also helps you guess meaning in reading and listening tasks.
同源词是指法语和英语共有源头的一类词。大约 30% 的英语单词源自法语，因此你已经认识了数百个法文词。以 -tion (information, nation, condition)、-al (animal, capital, loyal) 和 -able (adorable, capable, confortable) 结尾的词，几乎总是相同或非常相似。识别这些词不仅能节省复习时间，还能帮你在阅读和听力中猜测词义。
However, pay attention to slight spelling shifts: French 'é' often corresponds to English 's' after a vowel, as in étudiant (student) or hôpital (hospital). The French 'c' before 'i' or 'e' becomes 'ss' sound, e.g., société (society). Note the pattern and you will unlock dozens of words instantly.
然而，要注意拼写上的微小变化：法语中的 'é' 在元音后经常对应英语的 's'，例如 étudiant (学生) 或 hôpital (医院)。法语中 c 在 i 或 e 前发 'ss' 音，如 société (社会)。留意这些规律，你就能立刻解锁数十个单词。
| French Cognate | English | 中文 | Spelling note |
|---|---|---|---|
| la télévision | television | 电视 | accent on é |
| le gouvernement | government | 政府 | -ment is shared |
| possible | possible | 可能的 | identical |
| la forêt | forest | 森林 | circumflex marks lost 's' |
Make a habit of scanning for cognates when you first see a text. If a word looks familiar, trust your instinct and check the context. This alone can raise your comprehension score significantly.
养成首次阅读文本时先扫描同源词的习惯。如果某个词看起来眼熟，相信直觉并检查上下文。仅凭这一点就能显著提高你的理解题得分。
3. False Friends: Trap Words That Deceive | 假朋友：会骗人的陷阱词
While cognates are helpful, 'faux amis' (false friends) can trip you up. These are words that look like an English word but mean something different. For example, 'librairie' means bookshop, not library (which is 'bibliothèque'). 'Actuellement' means currently, not actually. 'Sensible' in French means sensitive, not sensible in English. Year 10 students must learn the most common false friends to avoid losing marks in translation or comprehension questions.
同源词虽然有用，但 'faux amis'（假朋友）却会绊倒你。这些词看起来像某个英语单词，但意思完全不同。例如，'librairie' 意为书店，不是图书馆（图书馆是 'bibliothèque'）。'Actuellement' 意为目前，而非实际上。法语的 'sensible' 指敏感的，而不是英语中 '明智的'。Year 10 的学生必须掌握最常见的假朋友，以免在翻译或理解题中丢分。
| French word | You might think it means... | But it really means | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| la journée | journey | day | 一天 |
| attendre | to attend | to wait | 等待 |
| la location | location | rental / renting | 租赁 |
| éventuellement | eventually | possibly | 可能地 |
| la monnaie | money | change / currency | 零钱/货币 |
A handy strategy is to create 'false friend flashcards': write the French word on one side, the surprising English meaning on the other, and an emoji or simple drawing on the reverse to fix the correct image in your mind. For 'attendre', you might draw a person sitting at a bus stop.
一个实用的策略是制作 '假朋友闪卡'：一面写法文词，另一面写意料之外的英文含义，并在背面画一个表情符号或简笔画，把正确图像刻在脑中。比如为 'attendre' 画一个人坐在公交车站等车。
4. Prefixes and Suffixes: Unlock Word Families | 前缀与后缀：解锁词族
Understanding common French prefixes and suffixes lets you decode dozens of words from a single root. The prefix 're-' or 'ré-' often means again or back (revenir – to come back, réchauffer – to reheat). 'Dé-' or 'dés-' indicates removal or negation (déconnecter – to disconnect, désagréable – unpleasant). Suffixes like '-eur' or '-euse' turn verbs into nouns indicating the doer (un danseur – a dancer, une chanteuse – a singer).
理解常见的法语前缀和后缀，能让你从一个词根解读出几十个单词。前缀 're-' 或 'ré-' 往往表示再次或返回（revenir – 回来，réchauffer – 重新加热）。'Dé-' 或 'dés-' 表示去除或否定（déconnecter – 断开连接，désagréable – 令人不快的）。后缀 '-eur' 或 '-euse' 则将动词变为表示施动者的名词（un danseur – 男舞者，une chanteuse – 女歌手）。
Equally useful are the suffixes '-tion' and '-ment' rnalise these patterns, you can guess the meaning of unfamiliar words in exam reading passages and use them to construct richer sentences in your own writing.
同样有用的是后缀 '-tion' 和 '-ment'，它们把动词转变为名词，就像英语一样：former → formation, gouverner → gouvernement。一旦你内化了这些规律，就能在考试阅读篇章中猜测生词含义，并在自己的写作中运用它们构建更丰富的句子。
Try a word-building exercise: take the verb 'organiser' and create as many derived words as you can (une organisation, un organisateur, organisé, désorganisé). Write them in a star diagram with the root at the centre. This visual network deepens long-term memory.
尝试一个构词练习：以动词 'organiser' 为起点，尽可能多地创造派生词（une organisation, un organisateur, organisé, désorganisé）。把它们写在一个星形图中，词根在中心。这种视觉网络能加深长期记忆。
5. Visual Association and Mnemonics | 视觉联想与记忆术
The human brain remembers images far better than abstract letters. Turn new French words into vivid mental pictures. For 'une cuillère' (spoon), imagine a giant spoon scooping up a quirky French flag. For 'pleuvoir' (to rain), visualise a cloud with a 'pluie' label pouring over the letter 'v'. The more exaggerated and ridiculous the image, the stickier it becomes. This technique is especially effective for nouns and weather expressions that appear in role plays and picture description tasks.
人类大脑对图像的记忆远胜于抽象字母。把法文生词转化为生动的心理图像。为 'une cuillère'（勺子）想象一只巨大的勺子在舀一面搞怪的法国国旗。为 'pleuvoir'（下雨）想象一朵标着 'pluie' 的云在字母 'v' 上倾泻。形象越夸张荒诞，就越难忘。这种技巧对名词和天气表达特别有效，而这些词常常出现在角色扮演和图片描述题中。
Mnemonics using sound play can also bridge French and English. To remember that 'le bruit' means noise, think of a 'bruised' car making a loud crash. For 'se dépêcher' (to hurry), link it to 'dispatch' – quickly sending something off. Build your own memorable associations, ideally linking the sound to a concrete, personal situation.
利用读音的记忆术也能架起法语与英语的桥梁。要记住 'le bruit' 意思是噪声，想象一辆撞得 'bruised' 的车发出巨响。为 'se dépêcher'（赶快），把它和 'dispatch'（快速发出）联系起来。建立你自己难以忘怀的联想，最好把读音和一个具体的、个人化情景挂钩。
6. High-Frequency Irregular Verbs: A Quick-Chunk Approach | 高频不规则动词：分块速记法
No Year 10 CAIE French revision is complete without mastering the core irregular verbs: être, avoir, faire, aller, pouvoir, vouloir, devoir, savoir, venir, prendre. Instead of memorising full conjugation tables from scratch, learn them in 'chunks' that mirror how you actually use them. For example, learn 'je peux' (I can), 'tu peux', 'il peut' as a mini set, then separately 'nous pouvons', 'vous pouvez', 'ils peuvent'. Notice the stem change pattern: eu/ouv/pouv correspond to different persons.
Year 10 的 CAIE 法语复习若不掌握核心不规则动词就不算完整：être, avoir, faire, aller, pouvoir, vouloir, devoir, savoir, venir, prendre。与其从零开始背完整变位表，不如模仿实际使用方式以 '块' 为单位学习。例如，把 'je peux' (我能)、'tu peux'、'il peut' 作为一个小组合学，然后单独学 'nous pouvons'、'vous pouvez'、'ils peuvent'。注意词干变化规律：eu/ouv/pouv 对应不同人称。
| Infinitive | 'je' form | 'nous' form | English (中文) |
|---|---|---|---|
| être | je suis | nous sommes | to be (是) |
| avoir | j'ai | nous avons | to have (有) |
| faire | je fais | nous faisons | to do / make (做) |
| aller | je vais | nous allons | to go (去) |
| pouvoir | je peux | nous pouvons | to be able to (能够) |
Use colour coding for stem-changing verbs: write the 'nous' and 'vous' ferentiate patterns. Then drill using gap-fill sentences that mimic exam contexts, such as 'Hier, je ___ allé au cinéma' (suis) or 'Tu ___ envie de sortir ?' (as).
对词干变化的动词使用颜色编码：如果 'nous' 和 'vous' 形式共享较长的词干，就用蓝色书写，而单数人称用红色。这种视觉对比帮助大脑区分规律。然后用贴近考试语境的填空句进行操练，例如 'Hier, je ___ allé au cinéma' (suis) 或 'Tu ___ envie de sortir ?' (as)。
7. Time Expressions, Dates and Numbers | 时间表达、日期与数字
Time phrases are essential for both the oral exam and listening comprehension. You must be able to recognise and produce days, months, times and numeric expressions without hesitation. Common pitfalls include mixing 'lundi' with 'le lundi' (the latter implies a habitual action) and mispronouncing numbers like 'cinq' and 'cent' in liaisons. Practise reading aloud times such as 'il est deux heures et quart' (quarter past two) and 'à midi' (at noon).
时间短语对口试和听力理解都至关重要。你必须能毫无迟疑地识别并说出星期、月份、时刻和数字表达。常见陷阱包括把 'lundi' 和 'le lundi' 混淆（后者暗含习惯性动作），以及连读时读错 'cinq' 和 'cent'。大声练习读出时间，例如 'il est deux heures et quart'（两点一刻）和 'à midi'（在正午）。
| Expression | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| lundi prochain | next Monday | On se voit lundi prochain. |
| tous les jours | every day | Je lis tous les jours. |
| il y a trois jours | three days ago | Il est parti il y a trois jours. |
| d'ici huit jours | in a week's time | Rendez-vous d'ici huit jours. |
| en ce moment | at the moment | Elle travaille en ce moment. |
For numbers, ensure you can quickly switch between digits and words when listening. French numbers 70-99 are notoriously tricky (soixante-dix, quatre-vingt-dix) because they rely on base-20 logic. Write them out repeatedly and practise taking dictation from past listening papers until the pattern becomes automatic.
对于数字，要确保你能在听到时在数字和单词之间快速转换。法语数字 70-99 以难记著称（soixante-dix, quatre-vingt-dix），因为它们基于二十进位的逻辑。反复书写，并用历年听力真题做听写练习，直到这种模式形成自动反应。
8. Adjectives: Agreement and Position Shortcuts | 形容词：性数配合与位置捷径
ment often costs Year 10 candidates precious marks in writing and speaking. The basic rule – add e for feminine, s for plural, es for feminine plural – ood memorisation trick is to invent a memorable character for each irregular pattern: think of 'Bella the beautiful heiress' to remember belle, and 'Vieille Odile' for the feminine of vieux.
形容词的性数配合常常让 Year 10 考生在写作和口语中丢掉宝贵的分数。基本规则——阴性加 e，复数加 s，阴性复数加 es——很简单，但不规则形式如 beau/bel/belle, vieux/vieil/vieille，以及以 -eux 结尾的词（heureux → heureuse），需要额外注意。一个好记的方法是为每种不规则模式发明一个难忘的角色：想一个 'Bella the beautiful heiress' 来记住 belle，想一个 'Vieille Odile' 来记住 vieux 的阴性形式。
Placement matters too: most descriptive adjectives come after the noun (une voiture rouge), but a small group of common adjectives – beauty, age, goodness, size (BAGS) – precede the noun (une belle maison, une vieille dame). Create a mental abbreviation: 'BAGS go before'. When writing a longer descriptive sentence, first pick a noun, then choose one BAGS adjective and one normal one to show range: 'un grand jardin fleuri'.
位置也很重要：大多数描写性形容词放在名词之后（une voiture rouge），但一小部分常见形容词——美丑、年龄、好坏、大小（即 BAGS 类别）——放在名词之前（une belle maison, une vieille dame）。在心里造一个缩写：'BAGS go before'。写较长的描述句时，先选定名词，再选一个 BAGS 形容词和一个普通形容词来展现词汇广度：'un grand jardin fleuri'。
9. Linking Words for Coherent Writing and Speech | 用于连贯写作和口语的连接词
To move from a list of simple sentences to a fluid paragraph, you need discourse markers. The CA
Published by TutorHao | Year 10 法语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图