📚 Year 11 Eduqas Computer Science: Key Terminology Memory Hacks | 11年级Eduqas计算机：关键术语速记指南
Mastering the vocabulary of GCSE Computer Science can feel like learning a new language. This guide breaks down the essential Eduqas terminology into bite-sized sections, pairing each term with a clear definition and an easy memory trick. Whether you are preparing for unit tests or the final exam, these hacks will help you recall concepts with confidence.
掌握GCSE计算机科学的词汇可能像学习一门新语言。本指南将Eduqas的关键术语分解为小块内容，每个术语都配有清晰的定义和简单的记忆技巧。无论你是在准备单元测验还是最终考试，这些速记方法都能帮你自信地回忆概念。
1. Algorithms & Computational Thinking | 算法与计算思维
Algorithm – A precise sequence of steps to solve a problem or complete a task. Memory trick: think of a cooking recipe – you follow exact instructions to get the expected dish.
算法 – 解决问题或完成任务的一系列精确步骤。记忆技巧：想象一份烹饪食谱，你遵循确切步骤才能做出预期的菜肴。
Decomposition – Breaking a large problem into smaller, manageable sub-problems. Memory trick: picture cleaning your room by tackling one corner at a time.
分解 – 把一个大问题拆分成更小、可管理的子问题。记忆技巧：想象打扫房间时，一次只收拾一个角落。
Abstraction – Hiding unnecessary details to focus on the important features. Memory trick: a Tube map simplifies real geography so you focus only on station connections.
抽象 – 隐藏不必要的细节，只关注重要特征。记忆技巧：地铁线路图简化了真实地理，你只需关注站点连接。
Pattern Recognition – Spotting similarities or common trends within problems. Memory trick: like noticing that both sunrise and sunset have similar colour patterns in the sky.
模式识别 – 发现问题中的相似性或共同趋势。记忆技巧：就像注意到日出和日落天空中都有类似的色彩模式。
Computational Thinking – The approach using decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithm design to tackle problems. Memory trick: remember 'DPAA'—Decomposition, Pattern, Abstraction, Algorithm.
计算思维 – 利用分解、模式识别、抽象和算法设计来解决问题的方法。记忆技巧：记住缩写 'DPAA'——分解、模式、抽象、算法。
2. Programming Fundamentals | 编程基础
Variable – A named storage location in memory whose value can change during execution. Memory trick: like a box with a label; you can swap what is inside.
变量 – 内存中有名称的存储位置，其值在程序运行时可以改变。记忆技巧：像一个带标签的盒子，你可以更换里面的内容。
Constant – A named value that stays fixed throughout the program. Memory trick: think of pi (π) – always 3.14..., never changes.
常量 – 有名称且在程序运行期间不变的值。记忆技巧：想想圆周率 π，始终是3.14…，永不改变。
Sequence – Executing instructions one after another in order. Memory trick: like reading a book from page 1 to the end without jumping.
顺序结构 – 按照顺序一条接一条地执行指令。记忆技巧：就像从头到尾不跳页地读一本书。
Selection – Making a decision with IF...THEN...ELSE. Memory trick: imagine a road fork – 'if it rains, take the tunnel; else, walk through the park'.
选择结构 – 使用 IF...THEN...ELSE 做出决策。记忆技巧：想象一个岔路口——'如果下雨就走隧道，否则穿过公园'。
Iteration – Repeating a section of code using loops (FOR, WHILE, REPEAT...UNTIL). Memory trick: rinsing your mouth until the water runs clear – repeat as long as needed.
迭代 – 使用循环（FOR, WHILE, REPEAT...UNTIL）重复执行一段代码。记忆技巧：漱口直到水变清——只要需要就不断重复。
3. Data Representation | 数据表示
Bit – The smallest unit of data; a single binary digit (0 or 1). Memory trick: 'bit' sounds like a tiny bit of something – the smallest piece.
位（比特） – 数据的最小单位，一个二进制数字（0或1）。记忆技巧：'bit' 听起来像一点点东西——最小的碎片。
Byte – 8 bits grouped together. Memory trick: a 'byte' of a cookie – break it into 8 crumbs.
字节 – 组合在一起的8个位。记忆技巧：一口（byte）饼干碎成8个细屑。
Binary – Base‑2 number system using only 0 and 1. Memory trick: 'bi-' means two, like bicycle has two wheels.
二进制 – 只使用0和1的基数2数字系统。记忆技巧：'bi-' 表示二，像自行车有两个轮子。
Denary/Decimal – Base‑10 number system we use every day (0–9). Memory trick: 'dec-' means ten, like decade for ten years.
十进制 – 我们日常使用的基数10数字系统（0–9）。记忆技巧：'dec-' 表示十，如十年（decade）。
Hexadecimal – Base‑16 system using 0–9 and A–F. Memory trick: 'hex' is six and 'decimal' ten, so 6+10=16. Handy for colours – #FF0000 for red.
十六进制 – 使用0–9和A–F的基数16系统。记忆技巧：'hex' 是六，'decimal' 是十，6+10=16。对颜色很方便——#FF0000表示红色。
Overflow Error – When a calculated number is too large to fit in the allocated bits. Memory trick: trying to pour 2 litres of water into a 1-litre jug – it spills over.
溢出错误 – 计算结果太大，超出为其分配的位数范围。记忆技巧：试图把2升水倒进1升的壶里——水溢出来了。
4. Computer Hardware | 计算机硬件
CPU – Central Processing Unit; the brain that fetches, decodes, and executes instructions. Memory trick: your kitchen chef – fetching ingredients, following a recipe (decoding), cooking (executing).
中央处理器（CPU） – 中央处理单元，负责取指、译码和执行指令的大脑。记忆技巧：你厨房里的厨师——取食材，按菜谱做菜（译码），烹饪（执行）。
ALU – Arithmetic Logic Unit; part of the CPU that does calculations and logical comparisons. Memory trick: 'A' for arithmetic, 'L' for logic – the calculator and judge inside the CPU.
算术逻辑单元（ALU） – CPU中执行计算和逻辑比较的部分。记忆技巧：'A'代表算术，'L'代表逻辑——CPU内的计算器和裁判。
Clock Speed – The number of cycles a CPU performs per second, measured in Hertz. Memory trick: a drummer setting the pace – a faster drummer means more beats (cycles) per second.
时钟频率 – CPU每秒执行的周期数，以赫兹为单位。记忆技巧：鼓手设定节奏——更快的鼓手意味着每秒更多节拍（周期）。
RAM – Random Access Memory; volatile memory that stores currently running programs and data. Memory trick: your desk space while working; clear once you leave (volatile).
随机存取存储器（RAM） – 易失性存储器，存储当前运行的程序和数据。记忆技巧：工作时用的桌面空间，离开后清空（易失）。
ROM – Read‑Only Memory; non‑volatile memory holding boot instructions. Memory trick: the factory manual glued onto a machine – can be read but not altered easily.
只读存储器（ROM） – 非易失性存储器，存放启动指令。记忆技巧：粘在机器上的工厂手册——只能阅读不能轻易修改。
5. Software Types | 软件类型
System Software – Programs that manage hardware and provide a platform for application software (e.g., operating system, utilities). Memory trick: the backstage crew of a theatre – audience does not see them but they make the show possible.
系统软件 – 管理硬件并为应用软件提供平台的程序（如操作系统、实用工具）。记忆技巧：剧场的后台工作人员——观众看不见，但演出离不开他们。
Operating System – Software that controls hardware, manages files, multitasking, and user interface. Memory trick: a school office – assigns rooms, manages timetables, and handles communication.
操作系统 – 控制硬件、管理文件、多任务和用户界面的软件。记忆技巧：学校办公室——分配教室，管理课表，处理沟通。
Application Software – Programs performing specific user tasks (word processors, browsers, games). Memory trick: the actors on stage – doing the job the audience watches.
应用软件 – 执行特定用户任务的程序（文字处理软件、浏览器、游戏）。记忆技巧：舞台上的演员——做观众能看到的工作。
Utility Software – Helps maintain, secure, and optimise the computer (antivirus, disk defragmenter). Memory trick: cleaning and security staff keeping the theatre safe and tidy.
实用工具软件 – 帮助维护、保护和优化计算机的软件（杀毒软件、磁盘碎片整理程序）。记忆技巧：保洁和安保人员让剧场安全整洁。
Open Source Software – Software with freely available source code that can be modified and shared. Memory trick: a community cookbook – anyone can read, improve, and share recipes.
开源软件 – 源代码自由可用，可修改和共享的软件。记忆技巧：社区食谱书——任何人都能阅读、改进和分享菜谱。
6. Networks & Communication | 网络与通信
LAN – Local Area Network; connects computers in a small geographical area. Memory trick: 'Local' like your school building – everything is close by.
局域网（LAN） – 连接较小地理范围内计算机的网络。记忆技巧：'Local' 如同你的教学楼——一切都在附近。
WAN – Wide Area Network; connects LANs over large distances (e.g., the internet). Memory trick: 'Wide' like the whole world – think of the World Wide Web.
广域网（WAN） – 远距离连接局域网的网络（如互联网）。记忆技巧：'Wide' 像整个世界——想想万维网。
Protocol – A set of rules governing how data is sent and received. Memory trick: diplomatic etiquette between countries – you must follow agreed procedures.
协议 – 管理数据如何发送和接收的一组规则。记忆技巧：国家间的外交礼仪——必须遵循商定的程序。
Packet Switching – Data is split into packets, sent independently, and reassembled at the destination. Memory trick: sending a bulky letter as separate postcards that travel different routes.
数据包交换 – 数据被拆分成数据包，独立发送，在目的地重新组装。记忆技巧：把一封厚厚的信拆成明信片，各走各的路线寄出。
IP Address – A unique numerical address identifying a device on a network. Memory trick: your house postal address – so the postman knows where to deliver.
IP 地址 – 标识网络上设备的唯一数字地址。记忆技巧：你家的邮寄地址——邮递员才知道送到哪里。
7. Cybersecurity Threats & Protection | 网络安全威胁与防护
Malware – Malicious software, including viruses, worms and trojans. Memory trick: 'mal' = bad in Latin; malware = bad software, like a disease.
恶意软件 – 恶意软件，包括病毒、蠕虫和特洛伊木马。记忆技巧：'mal' 在拉丁语中意为坏的；恶意软件就像疾病。
Phishing – Fraudulent emails pretending to be from trusted sources to steal personal data. Memory trick: 'fishing' for victims – dangling bait (fake login page) to hook you.
网络钓鱼 – 冒充可信任来源的欺诈性邮件，旨在窃取个人信息。记忆技巧：钓鱼（fishing）抓受害者——悬挂诱饵（假登录页）来钩住你。
Brute‑force Attack – Trying every possible password combination until the correct one is found. Memory trick: trying every key on a keyring to unlock a door – slow but eventually works.
暴力攻击 – 尝试所有可能的密码组合，直到找到正确的。记忆技巧：用钥匙环上的每一把钥匙试开一扇门——慢但终会成功。
Firewall – A security barrier that filters incoming and outgoing traffic based on rules. Memory trick: a bouncer at a club checking IDs before allowing entry.
防火墙 – 根据规则过滤进出流量的安全屏障。记忆技巧：夜总会的保安在允许进入前检查身份证。
Encryption – Scrambling data into an unreadable form that only a key can decrypt. Memory trick: a secret code that turns 'HELLO' into 'KHOOR' – meaningless without the decoder ring.
加密 – 将数据打乱成只有密钥才能解密的不可读形式。记忆技巧：一种秘密编码，把'HELLO'变成'KHOOR'——没有解码器环就毫无意义。
8. Databases & SQL | 数据库与SQL
Database – A structured collection of data stored electronically. Memory trick: a digital library catalogue – not the books themselves, but organised info about them.
数据库 – 以电子方式存储的结构化数据集合。记忆技巧：数字图书馆目录——不是书籍本身，而是关于它们的有序信息。
Table – A set of data organised in rows (records) and columns (fields). Memory trick: a spreadsheet where each row is a student and columns are Name, ID, Grade.
表 – 按行（记录）和列（字段）组织的数据集合。记忆技巧：一张电子表格，每行是一个学生，列是姓名、学号、成绩。
Primary Key – A unique identifier for each record in a table. Memory trick: your school ID number – no two students share the same one.
主键 – 表中每条记录的唯一标识符。记忆技巧：你的学号——没有两个学生共享同一个。
SQL – Structured Query Language used to manage databases. Memory trick: 'SeQuel' like asking a librarian questions in a language they understand. SELECT * FROM Books;
SQL – 用于管理数据库的结构化查询语言。记忆技巧：'SeQuel' 像用图书管理员懂的语言提问。SELECT * FROM Books;
Data Redundancy – Unnecessary repetition of data. Memory trick: writing the same address on ten pages instead of linking to one central address book.
数据冗余 – 不必要的数据重复。记忆技巧：把同一个地址写在十页上，而不是链接到一个中心地址簿。
9. Ethical, Legal & Environmental Issues | 伦理、法律与环境问题
Data Protection Act 2018 – UK law controlling how personal information is used by organisations. Memory trick: 'DPA' – protect people's data like you would guard a diary.
《2018年数据保护法》 – 控制组织如何使用个人信息的英国法律。记忆技巧：'DPA'——像保护日记一样保护人们的数据。
Computer Misuse Act 1990 – Makes unauthorised access to computers illegal. Memory trick: 'misuse' = 'mis-use' – using a system wrongly, so it is a crime.
《1990年计算机滥用法》 – 将未经授权访问计算机定为非法。记忆技巧：'misuse' = 错误使用——错误地使用系统就是犯罪。
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act – Protects original work from being copied without permission. Memory trick: the 'copy right' – the right to say who copies your work.
《版权、设计和专利法》 – 保护原创作品不被未经许可复制。记忆技巧：'copy right'——决定谁可复制你作品的权利。
E‑waste – Discarded electronic appliances creating environmental hazards. Memory trick: 'e' refers to electronic, 'waste' reminds you it does not belong in the regular bin.
电子垃圾 – 废弃的电子设备造成的环境危害。记忆技巧：'e' 指电子，'waste' 提醒你不能丢普通垃圾桶。
Open Source Ethics – The principle that software should be freely shared and cooperatively developed. Memory trick: like a potluck dinner – everyone brings a dish and shares.
开源伦理 – 软件应自由共享和协作开发的原则。记忆技巧：像百家宴——每人都带一道菜分享。
10. Problem Solving & Trace Tables | 问题求解与跟踪表
Trace Table – A tool to manually track variable values and outputs through a programme's execution. Memory trick: a diary of a programme – you note down every change in a table.
跟踪表 – 手动跟踪程序执行过程中变量值和输出的工具。记忆技巧：程序的日记——你在表里记录每一次变化。
Dry Run – Stepping through code mentally or on paper without a computer. Memory trick: rehearsing a speech in your head before going on stage.
人工执行（干运行） – 在没有计算机的情况下，脑中或用纸逐步执行代码。记忆技巧：上台前在脑海里排练演讲。
Logic Error – A mistake causing the programme to behave unexpectedly without crashing. Memory trick: a recipe saying 'bake at 10°C for 2 minutes' – no error message but cake is raw.
逻辑错误 – 导致程序行为异常但不崩溃的错误。记忆技巧：食谱说‘10°C烤2分钟’——没有错误提示但蛋糕是生的。
Syntax Error – A mistake in the grammar of the programming language that prevents execution. Memory trick: a spelling mistake that stops the spell from working.
语法错误 – 编程语言语法中的错误，阻止代码执行。记忆技巧：拼写错误让咒语无法生效。
Test Plan – A document outlining test cases with inputs, expected outcomes, and actual results. Memory trick: the examiner's checklist – does the programme pass each test?
测试计划 – 列出测试用例、输入、预期结果和实际结果的文档。记忆技巧：考官的检查表——程序是否通过了每项测试？
Published by TutorHao | GCSE Computer Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
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