📚 Year 10 Cambridge French: Key Grammar Rules Quick Reference | 剑桥10年级法语关键语法规则速查手册
This quick reference guide gathers the most important grammar rules you need for the Year 10 Cambridge IGCSE French course. Think of them as 'formulas' that you can apply to build sentences accurately. Each section presents a rule in a clear, pattern-based way, followed by Chinese explanations for bilingual learners.
本速查手册汇总了剑桥IGCSE法语10年级课程所需的最重要语法规则。你可以将其视为可准确构建句子的“公式”。每个部分以清晰的模式化方式呈现规则,并附有中文解释,方便双语学习者使用。
1. Nouns and Gender | 名词与性
Every French noun is either masculine or feminine. This affects the article and adjective forms. While you need to learn the gender with each noun, many endings give clues.
每个法语名词要么是阳性,要么是阴性。这会影响冠词和形容词的形式。虽然需要随名词记忆性别,但许多词尾提供线索。
Common feminine endings include: -tion, -sion, -té, -ude, -ence, -ance, -ette, -ière. Common masculine endings include: -age, -ment, -eau, -oir, -isme, -acle.
常见的阴性词尾有:-tion, -sion, -té, -ude, -ence, -ance, -ette, -ière。常见的阳性词尾包括:-age, -ment, -eau, -oir, -isme, -acle。
| Ending | Gender | Example | 词尾 | 性别 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -tion | Feminine | la nation | -tion | 阴性 | la nation |
| -sion | Feminine | la télévision | -sion | 阴性 | la télévision |
| -té | Feminine | la liberté | -té | 阴性 | la liberté |
| -age | Masculine | le fromage | -age | 阳性 | le fromage |
| -ment | Masculine | le medicament | -ment | 阳性 | le medicament |
Remember, there are exceptions, so always check a dictionary. In your writing and speaking, make sure the article and adjectives match the gender.
请记住,会有例外,因此务必查词典。在写作和口语中,确保冠词和形容词与性一致。
2. Articles | 冠词
French articles agree in gender and number with the noun. The definite articles are le (masculine singular), la (feminine singular), l' (before a vowel or silent h), and les (plural). Indefinite articles are un (masc.), une (fem.), and des (plural, some). The partitive articles indicate an unspecified quantity: du (masc.), de la (fem.), de l', and des. They are often used with food, drinks, and abstract nouns.
法语冠词需要与名词保持性数一致。定冠词为 le(阳性单数)、la(阴性单数)、l'(元音或不发音h前)和 les(复数)。不定冠词是 un(阳性)、une(阴性)和 des(复数,一些)。部分冠词表示不确指的量:du(阳性)、de la(阴性)、de l' 和 des。常用于食物、饮料及抽象名词前。
| Type | Masculine | Feminine | Before vowel/h | Plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Definite | le | la | l' | les |
| Indefinite | un | une | un/une | des |
| Partitive | du | de la | de l' | des |
After a negative expression, the partitive and indefinite articles usually become 'de' or 'd'': Je n'ai pas de lait. The prepositions à and de contract with le and les: à + le = au, de + le = du.
在否定表达之后,部分冠词和不定冠词通常变为 de 或 d':Je n'ai pas de lait(我没有牛奶)。介词 à 和 de 与 le、les 缩合:à + le = au,de + le = du。
3. Adjective Agreement | 形容词配合
Adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. The basic rule: add -e for the feminine, add -s for the plural, and -es for feminine plural. Most adjectives come after the noun, but some common short adjectives precede the noun: beau, bon, grand, petit, jeune, vieux, joli, mauvais, nouveau.
形容词需要与其修饰的名词保持性数一致。基本规则:阴性加 -e,复数加 -s,阴性复数加 -es。多数形容词位于名词之后,但一些常见短形容词前置:beau, bon, grand, petit, jeune, vieux, joli,
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