📚 CIE IGCSE Physics 2026: Exam Changes and Trends | CIE IGCSE 物理 2026：考试变化与趋势
The Cambridge IGCSE Physics (0625) qualification is undergoing subtle but important refinements for the 2026 examination series. Building on the revised syllabus first examined in 2023, the 2026 assessments will continue to emphasise deeper conceptual understanding, practical skills, and the ability to apply physics to new contexts. For students aiming for top grades, staying ahead of these changes is essential. This article unpacks the key adjustments in paper structure, assessment objectives, content focus, and practical components, and offers guidance on how to tailor your revision accordingly.
剑桥 IGCSE 物理（0625）资格考试在 2026 年的考试系列中正经历细微但重要的调整。在 2023 年首次考试采用的修订版大纲基础上，2026 年的评估将继续强调更深层次的概念理解、实验技能以及将物理知识应用于新情境的能力。对于志在顶尖成绩的学生来说，提前了解这些变化至关重要。本文将详细解析试卷结构、评估目标、内容重点以及实验部分的关键调整，并就如何相应地调整复习策略提供指导。
1. Updated Syllabus Aims for 2026 | 2026 年更新的大纲目标
The core aims remain the same, but there is now a stronger drive to connect physics with everyday life and sustainability. The syllabus document emphasises critical thinking and the evaluation of scientific information, rewarding students who can explain not just what happens, but why and how they know.
核心目标保持不变，但现在更加注重将物理与日常生活和可持续性联系起来。大纲文件强调批判性思维和对科学信息的评估，那些不仅能解释现象，还能阐明原因和认知方式的学生将获得加分。
Greater focus on the environmental impact of energy use and the role of renewable sources.
更加关注能源使用对环境的影响以及可再生能源的作用。
Encouragement to use models to explain unfamiliar phenomena rather than just recalling facts.
鼓励使用模型来解释不熟悉的现象，而不仅仅是回忆事实。
Integration of practical work as a way of understanding theory, not just a separate skill.
将实验工作融入理论学习，而不仅仅是作为一项独立的技能。
2. Paper Structure and Weighting Adjustments | 试卷结构与权重调整
For 2026, the familiar choice between Core and Extended tiers remains. The External Assessment now comprises three papers, with the Practical Test (Paper 5) or Alternative to Practical (Paper 6) retaining its 20% weighting. However, the distribution of marks within Papers 2, 4 and the practical component has been fine-tuned to better reflect the updated Assessment Objectives.
2026 年，核心和扩展两个级别的选择保持不变。外部评估现在包括三份试卷，实验测试（试卷 5）或实验替代（试卷 6）保持 20% 的权重。不过，试卷 2、试卷 4 和实验部分的分数分配已经微调，以更好地反映更新的评估目标。
| Component | Weighting (Core) | Weighting (Extended) |
|---|---|---|
| Paper 1/2 (Multiple Choice) | 30% | 30% |
| Paper 3/4 (Theory) | 50% | 50% |
| Paper 5 or 6 (Practical) | 20% | 20% |
The Extended Theory paper (Paper 4) now includes a higher proportion of questions that target analysis and evaluation, rather than simple recall. Data-heavy questions, especially those involving graphs, error analysis, and experimental design, are more frequent.
扩展理论卷（试卷 4）现在包含更高比例的分析与评估类题目，而不是简单的回忆。数据量大的问题，尤其是涉及图表、误差分析和实验设计的问题，出现得更加频繁。
3. Rebalanced Assessment Objectives | 重新平衡的评估目标
CIE has subtly reweighted the three Assessment Objectives (AOs) since the 2023 syllabus launch, and these will be firmly embedded in 2026 papers. The biggest shift is the increased importance of AO3 (Experimental skills and investigations), which now counts for a full 20% of the qualification, up from the previous informal integration.
自 2023 年大纲发布以来，CIE 已经微妙地重新调整了三个评估目标的权重，这些将在 2026 年的试卷中牢固确立。最大的变化是 AO3（实验技能与调查）的重要性增加，现在占总分的 20%，而以前是非正式整合。
AO1 Knowledge with understanding: approximately 50% – still the largest part, but questions increasingly require linking several concepts.
AO1 带理解的知识：约 50% – 仍是最大部分，但问题越来越要求关联多个概念。
AO2 Handling information and problem-solving: around 30% – emphasis on manipulating data, using formulae in unfamiliar settings, and interpreting graphs.
AO2 处理信息和解决问题：约 30% – 强调处理数据、在不熟悉的环境中使用公式以及解读图表。
AO3 Experimental skills and investigations: 20% – assessed directly in the practical paper, but also through questions on experimental techniques in the theory papers.
AO3 实验技能与调查：20% – 直接在实验卷中评估，但也通过理论卷中关于实验技术的问题进行评估。
This means that simply memorising the textbook is no longer enough. You need to practise designing investigations, evaluating methods, and suggesting improvements.
这意味着仅仅背诵教科书已经不够了。你需要练习设计调查、评估方法并提出改进建议。
4. Content Additions and Removals | 内容的增加与删除
The 2023–2025 syllabus introduced some notable content changes that continue into 2026. The most celebrated addition is the Space physics topic, which covers the Earth's motion, the Solar System, stars and the Universe. It appears only in the Extended supplement, so candidates taking Core will not be examined on it.
2023–2025 年的大纲引入了一些显著的内容变化，这些变化将延续到 2026 年。最受注目的新增内容是空间物理学专题，涵盖地球运动、太阳系、恒星和宇宙。它仅出现在扩展补充部分，因此参加核心级别考试的考生不会涉及。
s been reduced, and the focus on specific heat capacity and latent heat calculations has been streamlined to emphasise understanding of energy transfers rather than rote application of Q = mcΔθ and Q = mL.
相反，一些过时或过于抽象的主题已被删减。例如，对阴极射线示波器（CRO）的详细处理已经减少，比热容和潜热计算的焦点已简化，以强调对能量传递的理解，而不是机械套用 Q = mcΔθ 和 Q = mL。
Other subtle shifts include:
其他细微的变化包括：
Greater emphasis on the kinetic particle model to explain thermal physics and gas behaviour.
动力学粒子模型在解释热学和气体行为方面受到更多重视。
Updated treatment of electromagnetic induction and generators, linking to modern renewable energy technology.
对电磁感应和发电机的处理进行了更新，与现代可再生能源技术联系起来。
Clearer distinction between nuclear fission and fusion, with societal context.
更清晰地区分核裂变与核聚变，并结合社会背景。
5. Practical Assessment: Direct and Indirect | 实验评估：直接与间接
The practical component can be taken as either Paper 5 (Practical Test) or Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical). In 2026, both routes will assess the same set of experimental skills, but Paper 6 candidates must be especially adept at interpreting data from described experiments, as they do not handle apparatus directly.
实验部分可以选择试卷 5（实验测试）或试卷 6（实验替代）。到 2026 年，两种途径都将评估同一套实验技能，但试卷 6 的考生必须特别擅长解读所描述的实验数据，因为他们不直接操作仪器。
Key skills tested include:
测试的关键技能包括：
Taking readings from diagrams or actual apparatus to the correct precision.
从图表或实际仪器中以正确的精度读取数据。
Recording results in tables with appropriate headings and units.
在表格中记录结果，并注明合适的表头及单位。
Plotting graphs with linear scales, drawing best-fit lines, and determining gradients and intercepts.
绘制线性比例图、最佳拟合线，并确定斜率和截距。
Identifying anomalies and sources of error, then suggesting realistic improvements.
识别异常值和误差来源，然后提出切实可行的改进建议。
The trend is towards more open-ended questions where you must plan a short investigation, including listing variables and describing a safe method. Practising these structured answers will be vital.
趋势是会有更多开放性问题，要求你规划一个简短的调查，包括列出变量并描述安全方法。练习这些结构化答案至关重要。
6. Increased Use of Mathematical Skills | 数学技能应用的增加
While physics has always involved calculations, the 2026 papers embed mathematics more deeply into conceptual questions. You can expect to see more questions where you must:
虽然物理一直涉及计算，但 2026 年的试卷将数学更深入地融入概念性问题。你可以预期会看到更多需要你完成以下任务的问题：
Rearrange multi-step formulae before substituting values.
代入数值前重新整理多步公式。
Calculate percentage change, percentage uncertainty, and use these in evaluation.
计算百分比变化、百分比不确定度，并将其用于评估。
Interpret logarithmic or exponential trends in decay and capacitor discharge (although logs are not required, the graphical interpretation is).
解释衰变和电容器放电中的对数或指数趋势（尽管不需要用到对数，但需要理解图形）。
Use equations from the supplied data sheet efficiently. The data sheet remains unchanged, but questions now test whether you can select and combine equations correctly.
有效使用所提供的公式表。公式表保持不变，但问题现在考查你能否正确选择和组合方程。
Regular practice of the equation list and unit conversions is non-negotiable. The number of purely arithmetic errors that lose marks in exams is still high, so careful step-by-step working is rewarded.
定期练习公式表和单位换算不容忽视。考试中因纯算术错误而失分的情况仍然很多，因此仔细的分步解题将得到回报。
7. Longer, Context-Based Questions in Paper 4 | 试卷 4 中更长的情境化问答题
A clear trend is the appearance of "scenario" questions that run over several marks and combine topics. For instance, a question might describe an electric vehicle's braking system and then ask about energy transfers, electromagnetic induction, and the calculation of stopping distance. This tests your ability to weave together knowledge from mechanics, electricity, and energy.
一个明显的趋势是出现跨多个分数值且融合不同专题的 "情景 "问题。例如，某题可能描述电动汽车的制动系统，然后询问能量转换、电磁感应以及制动距离的计算。这考查的是你综合运用力学、电学和能量知识的能力。
To handle these, avoid compartmentalising physics into separate chapters. When revising, deliberately link topics: for example, how does a loudspeaker (magnetism and waves) relate to a microphone (electromagnetic induction) and an amplifier (electronics)?
为应对这类问题，要避免将物理分割成独立的章节。复习时，有意识地将课题联系起来：例如，扬声器（磁性和波）与麦克风（电磁感应）以及放大器（电子学）有何关联？
8. Marking and Grade Threshold Trends | 评分与分数线趋势
Grade thresholds for CIE IGCSE Physics have been relatively stable, but the subtle increase in demand for analysis and evaluation means that achieving the top grade (A*) requires more than just correct answers. Examiners' reports consistently highlight that many candidates lose marks by not reading the question carefully, not giving explanations when asked, or using vague language.
CIE IGCSE 物理的分数线相对稳定，但对分析与评估要求的略微提高意味着，要达到最高等级（A*）需要的不仅仅是正确的答案。考官报告一再强调，许多考生因未仔细审题、未按要求给出解释或使用模糊语言而丢分。
For 2026, expect the thresholds to reflect the new focus: a slightly higher mark may be needed for A* because the most able candidates will demonstrate higher-order thinking. The official threshold is determined after the exam based on cohort performance, so aiming high gives you the best insurance.
对于 2026 年，预计分数线将反映新的重点：A* 可能需要稍高的分数，因为最有能力的考生将展现出高阶思维能力。官方分数线在考试后根据考生群体表现确定，因此目标高远是最好的保障。
9. Command Words and Their Nuances | 指令词及其细微差别
The precise meaning of command words like "describe", "explain", "suggest" and "evaluate" has become even more critical. Cambridge's examiner guidance stresses that "explain" requires a scientific reason, often linking cause and effect using a principle or law, while "describe" needs a detailed account without reasoning. "Suggest" invites you to think beyond the obvious, applying physics to a novel situation. Mastering these distinctions can easily gain you several extra marks across the papers.
"describe"、"explain"、"suggest"和"evaluate"等指令词的精确含义变得更加关键。剑桥考官指南强调，"explain"需要给出科学理由，通常要使用原理或定律将因果联系起来；而"describe"则需要详细叙述，无需说明原因。"suggest"则邀请你超越常规，将物理知识应用于新情境。掌握这些区别可以让你在各份试卷中轻松多拿几分。
Make a habit of underlining the command word in every question during practice. Then ask yourself: am I being asked to recall a fact, give a reason, or make a judgement?
养成在练习中给每道题的指令词划线的习惯。然后自问：题目是要求我回忆事实、给出原因或作出判断？
10. Resources and Revision Strategy for 2026 | 2026 年备考资源与复习策略
The official syllabus document for 2026 (available from the Cambridge website) is your primary map. It lists every learning objective and the exact depth required. Supplement objectives are clearly marked for Extended candidates. Pair this with the most recent past papers, especially from the 2023–2025 series, as they best reflect the 2026 style.
2026 年的官方大纲文件（可从剑桥网站获取）是你的主要蓝图。它列出了每一个学习目标以及所需的确切深度。扩展考生的补充目标均有明确标记。将此与最近的历年真题，特别是 2023–2025 年的试卷结合起来使用，因为它们最能反映 2026 年的风格。
Use topic-based question banks to isolate weaknesses.
使用按主题分类的题库来隔离弱点。
For practical skills, watch high-quality demonstration videos and then complete past Paper 6 papers under timed conditions.
对于实验技能，观看高质量的演示视频，然后在限时条件下完成历年试卷 6。
Build a formula glossary with units and conditions for each equation, and test yourself daily.
建立公式词汇表，为每个公式注明单位和适用条件，并每天自测。
Engage in group discussions about application questions; explaining concepts to peers solidifies your own understanding.
参与关于应用题的小组讨论；向同伴解释概念能巩固自己的理解。
Remember, the syllabus is your contract with the exam board – if a term appears there, you are expected to be able to define, use, and explain it.
请记住，大纲是你与考试局之间的契约——如果一个术语出现在上面，你应该能够定义、使用并解释它。
11. Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them | 常见失分点及应对方法
Analysis of recent examiner reports reveals recurring mistakes that will remain relevant in 2026:
对近期考官报告的分析揭示了在 2026 年仍将出现的反复性错误：
Unit omission or misuse: Always write the correct SI unit after a numerical answer. For derived units like momentum (kg m/s) or specific heat capacity (J/kg °C), break them down if unsure.
单位遗漏或误用：始终在数值答案后写上正确的国际单位。对于导出单位，如动量（kg m/s）或比热容（J/kg °C），如果无把握可将其分解。
Graph plotting errors: Use a sharp pencil, plot points with small crosses, choose scales that use at least half the grid, and label axes with quantity and unit.
绘图错误：使用尖铅笔、用小十字标点、选择至少占用一半网格的比例，并用物理量和单位标注坐标轴。
Insufficient explanation depth: When asked to explain a wave phenomenon, stating 'because total internal reflection' is not enough; you must mention the angle of incidence exceeding the critical angle and the higher refractive index of the first medium.
解释深度不足：当被要求解释波动现象时，仅说'因为全内反射'是不够的；你必须提到入射角超过临界角以及第一种介质的折射率较高。
Confusing electrical symbols: Recognising and drawing the correct symbol for a thermistor, LDR, or fuse remains a common weakness.
混淆电气符号：识别并正确绘制热敏电阻、光敏电阻或保险丝的符号仍然是一个常见弱点。
Create a checklist from these pitfalls and review it before every practice session.
根据这些失分点制作一个清单，并在每次练习前复习它。
12. Looking Ahead: Physics Beyond the Exam | 展望未来：考试之外的物理
The 2026 changes reflect a broader educational shift: preparing you not just for an exam, but for scientific literacy in a technology-driven world. The ability to interpret data, question sources, and communicate reasoning is as valuable in further study as in everyday decision-making. Treat your preparation as a chance to build those durable skills. Use the new practical and contextual focus to see physics not as a set of isolated facts, but as a coherent way of understanding the universe.
2026 年的变化反映了一种更广泛的教育转向：不仅为考试做准备，更为在技术驱动的世界中培养科学素养做准备。解读数据、质疑来源和表达推理的能力在未来的学习中和在日常决策中一样宝贵。将你的备考视为一个建立这些持久技能的机会。利用新的实验与情境化重点，将物理视为理解宇宙的一种连贯方式，而不是一套孤立的事实。
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