📚 Year 10 CCEA Politics: Key Terminology Memory Guide | CCEA 十年级政治：核心术语速记指南
Welcome to your handy memory guide for Year 10 CCEA Politics! Mastering political terminology is essential for understanding how society is governed and for acing your exams. This guide breaks down key terms with clear explanations, relevant examples, and memorable tricks to help the vocabulary stick.
欢迎使用 CCEA 十年级政治核心术语速记指南！掌握政治术语是理解社会治理方式并考取高分的关键。本指南通过清晰的解释、贴近生活的例子和难忘的窍门，帮你把这批词汇牢牢记住。
1. Foundations: Power, Authority and Governance | 基础概念：权力、权威与治理
Politics originates from the Greek 'polis' (city-state) and refers to the activities associated with decision-making in groups. A cynical but effective memory trick: think 'poli-' like 'poly' (many) and 'tics' like blood-sucking parasites – many competing interests all trying to get something.
政治源自希腊语“polis”（城邦），指与群体决策相关的活动。一个稍带讽刺但有效的记忆窍门：把“poli-”想象成“poly”（许多），“tics”想象成吸血虫——众多竞争利益都在设法捞取好处。
Power is the ability to influence or control the behaviour of others, even against their will. It can be coercive or persuasive. Remember: power is like electricity – it can light up a city or cause a short circuit; it all depends on how it is used.
权力是影响或控制他人行为的能力，甚至违背他人意愿。它可以是强制性的，也可以是劝服性的。记住：权力像电——既能点亮城市也能造成短路，全看如何使用。
Authority is the legitimate, recognised right to exercise power. If power is 'might', authority is 'right'. A teacher has authority in the classroom because students accept the school rules. Memory aid: 'Authority' contains 'author' – the one who has the recognised say.
权威是行使权力的合法且被认可的资格。如果说权力是“强力”，那么权威就是“公理”。老师在教室里拥有权威，是因为学生接受了校规。记忆辅助：“Authority”里藏着“author”（作者），即被认定有发言权的人。
The table below contrasts power and authority for quick revision:
下表对比了权力和权威，方便你快速复习：
| Concept (English) | 概念 (中文) | Key Idea | 关键点 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Power | 权力 | Ability to enforce will | 执行意志的能力 |
| Authority | 权威 | Accepted right to rule | 被接纳的统治权 |
2. Democracy and Its Types | 民主及其类型
Democracy literally means 'rule by the people' democracy, citizens have a say in how they are governed, primarily through voting in free and fair elections.
民主字面意思为“人民统治”（demos=人民，kratos=权力）。在民主制度下，公民通过自由公正的选举投票，对治理方式拥有发言权。
Direct democracy is a form in which citizens vote on each law or policy directly, without representatives. Ancient Athens is a classic example. Today, referendums act as a direct democratic tool. Memory: think of a 'direct message' on social media – no middleman.
直接民主是一种公民不经代表，直接对每项法律或政策投票的民主形式。古代雅典是典型例子。如今，公投充当了直接民主工具。记忆：想想社交媒体上的“直接消息”——没有中间人。
Representative democracy is the more common modern model. Citizens elect representatives (MPs, councillors) to make decisions on their behalf. The United Kingdom is a representative democracy. Mnemonic: You 'send a representative' to the council chamber, just like sending a substitute to a meeting.
Published by TutorHao | Year 10 政治 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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