📚 Year 11 OCR Economics: Unit Test Mock Paper Walkthrough | Year 11 OCR 经济：单元测试模拟卷解析
Welcome to our unit test mock paper walkthrough for Year 11 OCR Economics. This article provides detailed solutions and examiner commentary for a typical unit test covering key microeconomic and macroeconomic concepts. Work through each question to strengthen your understanding and exam technique.
欢迎来到 Year 11 OCR 经济单元测试模拟卷解析。本文提供了典型单元测试的详细解答和考官点评，涵盖关键的微观和宏观经济概念。逐题练习，以加深理解并提升应试技巧。
1. Question 1: The Law of Demand | 问题1：需求定律
Question: State the law of demand. Using an example, distinguish between a movement along the demand curve and a shift of the demand curve. (6 marks)
问题：陈述需求定律。用一个例子区分沿需求曲线的移动和需求曲线的移动。(6分)
Answer: The law of demand states that, ceteris paribus, when the price of a good rises, the quantity demanded falls, and vice versa. A movement along the demand curve is caused solely by a change in the good's own price. For example, if the price of coffee increases from £2 to £3, there is a contraction of demand (an upward movement along the curve) and quantity demanded decreases. In contrast, a shift of the demand curve occurs when a non-price determinant changes—such as income, tastes, or the price of substitutes. If consumer incomes rise and coffee is a normal good, the entire demand curve shifts right, meaning more is demanded at every price. This is an increase in demand, not an increase in quantity demanded.
答案：需求定律指出，在其他条件不变的情况下，商品价格上升时，需求量下降，反之亦然。沿需求曲线的移动仅由商品自身价格的变化引起。例如，若咖啡价格从2英镑涨至3英镑，需求量收缩（沿曲线向上移动），需求量减少。相反，需求曲线的移动发生在非价格决定因素变化时，如收入、偏好或替代品价格。若消费者收入上升且咖啡为正常商品，整条需求曲线向右移动，意味着在每一价格水平下需求量都增加了。这是需求的增加，而非需求量的增加。
Examiner tip: Always use the term 'ceteris paribus' when defining the law. Be precise: 'change in quantity demanded' describes a movement along the curve, while 'change in demand' describes a shift. These small details earn key marks.
考官提示：定义定律时务必使用“其他条件不变”这一术语。表述要精确：“需求量的变化”描述沿曲线移动，“需求的变化”描述曲线移动。这些细节能让你获得关键分数。
2. Question 2: Calculating Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) | 问题2：计算需求价格弹性（PED）
Question: A cinema raises its ticket price from £8 to £10. As a result, the number of tickets sold falls from 500 per week to 450. Calculate the price elasticity of demand (PED) using the formula. Show your working. Interpret whether demand is elastic or inelastic and explain the effect on total revenue. (5 marks)
问题：一家电影院将票价从8英镑提高到10英镑。结果，每周售出的票数从500张下降到450张。使用公式计算需求价格弹性（PED）。展示计算过程。判断需求是富有弹性还是缺乏弹性，并解释对总收益的影响。(5分)
Answer: First, calculate percentage changes. %Δ price = (10 − 8) ÷ 8 × 100 = 25%. %Δ quantity demanded = (450 − 500) ÷ 500 × 100 = −10%. Ignoring the negative sign, PED = %Δ quantity demanded ÷ %Δ price = 10% ÷ 25% = 0.4.
答案：首先计算百分比变化。价格变化的百分比 = (10 − 8) ÷ 8 × 100 = 25%。需求量的百分比变化 = (450 − 500) ÷ 500 × 100 = −10%。忽略负号，PED = 需求量变化的百分比 ÷ 价格变化的百分比 = 10% ÷ 25% = 0.4。
PED = %ΔQd ÷ %ΔP = 10% ÷ 25% = 0.4
he percentage change in price. Consequently, total revenue increases: original revenue was £8 × 500 = £4000; new revenue is £10 × 450 = £4500.
由于 PED 小于1，需求缺乏价格弹性。这意味着需求量变化的百分比小于价格变化的百分比。因此，总收益增加：原先收益为8英镑 × 500 = 4000英镑；新收益为10英镑 × 450 = 4500英镑。
The table below summarises how PED values relate to elasticity and revenue effects:
下表总结了 PED 值与弹性及收益效应的关系：
| PED Value | Elasticity Type | Effect on Revenue (Price Rise) |
|---|---|---|
| > 1 | Price elastic | Revenue falls |
| < 1 | Price inelastic | Revenue rises |
| = 1 | Unitary elastic | Revenue unchanged |
Common mistake: y correct, in economics we drop the minus sign and refer to the absolute value. Always say 'ignoring the negative sign' or 'PED = 0.4'.
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