📚 Year 10 CCEA Science: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memory Guide | Year 10 CCEA 科学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering scientific vocabulary is essential for success in Year 10 CCEA Science. This guide provides clear definitions, memory tricks, and paired explanations to help you recall key terms for Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. Each term is presented in English and Chinese with simple mnemonics to boost your confidence in class, homework, and assessments.
掌握科学词汇是学好 Year 10 CCEA 科学的基础。本指南提供清晰的定义、记忆技巧和中英对照讲解，帮助你记住生物、化学和物理中的关键术语。每个术语都配有英文和中文释义，以及简单的记忆法，让你在课堂、作业和考试中更加自信。
1. Cells & Microscopy Terms | 细胞与显微镜术语
Cell membrane – a thin, flexible layer around the cell that controls what enters and leaves; it is selectively permeable.
细胞膜 – 细胞外一层薄而柔韧的膜，控制物质进出，具有选择透过性。
Memory: "Membrane manages movement — think of a border checkpoint."
记忆： "细胞膜管理移动 — 想象成边境检查站。"
Cytoplasm – the jelly-like substance inside the cell where chemical reactions occur, containing organelles and dissolved nutrients.
细胞质 – 细胞内部胶状物质，是化学反应发生的场所，含有细胞器和溶解的营养物质。
Memory: "Cytoplasm is the cell's factory floor."
记忆： "细胞质是细胞的工厂车间。"
Nucleus – the control centre containing genetic material (DNA) that regulates cell activities and cell division.
细胞核 – 控制中心，含有遗传物质 (DNA)，调节细胞活动和细胞分裂。
Memory: "Nucleus = cell's brain."
记忆： "细胞核 = 细胞的大脑。"
Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) – organelles that carry out aerobic respiration, releasing energy for the cell. "Mighty mitochondria" recall energy production.
线粒体 – 进行有氧呼吸的细胞器，为细胞释放能量。"强大的线粒体" 帮助记住能量工厂。
Memory: "Mito = mighty power station."
记忆： "线粒体是细胞的能量站。"
Ribosomes – tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs, found free in cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
核糖体 – 进行蛋白质合成的微小结构，游离于细胞质中或附着在粗面内质网上。
Memory: "Ribosomes read RNA to make proteins."
记忆： "核糖体读取 RNA 制造蛋白质。"
Chloroplasts – organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose.
叶绿体 – 植物细胞中的细胞器，含有叶绿素，进行光合作用生成葡萄糖。
Memory: "Chloroplasts are solar panels of plant cells."
记忆： "叶绿体是植物细胞的太阳能板。"
Permanent vacuole – a large, fluid-filled sac in plant cells that stores cell sap and helps maintain turgor pressure.
永久液泡 – 植物细胞中充满细胞液的大囊泡，储存细胞液并维持膨压。
Memory: "Vacuole is the storage tank."
记忆： "液泡是储水罐。"
Magnification – how much larger an image appears compared to the actual object. Use the triangle formula.
放大倍数 – 图像比实际物体放大的倍数。使用三角形公式记忆。
Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size
放大倍数 = 图像大小 ÷ 实际大小
Resolution – the ability to distinguish between two closely spaced points as separate; higher resolution means sharper detail.
分辨率 – 区分两个相邻点作为独立点的能力；分辨率越高，图像越清晰。
Memory: "Resolution = how sharp the 're-solution' of the image is."
记忆： "分辨率 = 图像的清晰分辨率。"
2. Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table | 原子结构与元素周期表
Atom – the smallest particle of an element that can take part in chemical reactions, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
原子 – 能参与化学反应的元素最小粒子，由质子、中子和电子组成。
Memory: "Atoms are the building blocks of matter."
记忆： "原子是物质的积木。"
Proton – a positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus; relative mass 1.
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