📚 Year 11 AQA French: Vocabulary & Terminology Memorisation Guide | AQA 11年级法语：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering a large active vocabulary and being able to recognise key grammatical terms are the most direct routes to a higher grade in your AQA GCSE French. This guide breaks down the syllabus vocabulary into manageable strategies, from thematic chunking and verb tables to decoding false friends and using sound-spelling patterns. Use these techniques to build confidence in all four skills – listening, speaking, reading and writing.
掌握大量可活用词汇并能识别关键语法术语，是在 AQA GCSE 法语考试中取得高分的最直接途径。本指南将考纲词汇拆解成易于操作的策略，从主题分块记忆、动词表格，到破解假朋友和运用发音拼写规律，帮助你全面提升听、说、读、写四项技能的信心。
1. Understanding the AQA French Vocabulary Requirements | 了解 AQA 法语词汇要求
The AQA specification is built around three core themes: Identity and Culture; Local, National, International and Global Areas of Interest; and Current and Future Study and Employment. Each theme contains several sub-topics, and the exam board provides a defined vocabulary list of around 1,200–1,500 high-frequency words. Familiarity with this list gives you a huge advantage, because listening and reading texts are deliberately written using these words whenever possible.
AQA 考纲以三大主题为核心：身份与文化；地方、国家、国际及全球兴趣领域；以及当前与未来的学习与就业。每个主题包含若干子话题，考试局提供了一份约 1200–1500 个高频词的指定词汇表。熟悉该词表会带来巨大优势，因为听力和阅读文本会尽可能使用这些单词编写。
A small number of words outside the defined list may still appear, but you can often guess their meaning using context or cognate recognition. Your primary goal should be to learn the prescribed vocabulary actively, meaning you can produce it in speaking and writing, not just recognise it.
少量词表外的单词仍可能出现，但你通常可以通过语境或识别同源词来猜测词义。你的首要目标应当是主动掌握指定词汇，也就是说能够在口语和写作中产出它们，而不仅仅是认出它们。
2. Thematic Vocabulary Chunks | 主题词汇分块记忆
Rather than learning individual words in isolation, group them by topic to create mental associations. For instance, when revising ‘ma famille’, learn a cluster: ma mère, mon père, mon frère, ma sœur, un enfant unique, s’entendre bien avec, se disputer. Add adjectives to describe character and appearance: gentil(le), bavard(e), sportif/sportive, timide, drôle.
不要孤立地背单词，而应按主题分块学习，以建立心理关联。例如，复习“我的家庭”时，集中学习一组词：ma mère, mon père, mon frère, ma sœur, un enfant unique, s’entendre bien avec, se disputer。再加入描写性格和外貌的形容词：gentil(le), bavard(e), sportif/sportive, timide, drôle。
Create a mind map for each sub-topic: healthy living (les aliments, faire de l’exercice, le stress, dormir suffisamment), environment (recycler, la pollution, les déchets, les espèces menacées) or technology (les réseaux sociaux, un portable, télécharger, en ligne). Revisiting these regularly helps transfer vocabulary into long-term memory.
为每个子话题绘制思维导图：健康生活（les aliments, faire de l’exercice, le stress, dormir suffisamment）、环境（recycler, la pollution, les déchets, les espèces menacées）或科技（les réseaux sociaux, un portable, télécharger, en ligne）。定期复习这些导图，有助于将词汇转入长期记忆。
3. High-Frequency Verbs and Their Conjugations | 高频动词及其变位
Fluent sentence building depends on a handful of irregular verbs. Commit the following to memory in the present, perfect (passé composé) and near future tenses, as they form the backbone of most exam responses.
流畅的造句依赖少部分不规则动词。请务必记住下列动词的现在时、复合过去时和最近将来时变位，它们是大多数考试答案的骨架。
| Verb | Meaning | Present (je) | Perfect (j’ai/je suis) | Near Future (je vais) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| être | to be | je suis | j’ai été | je vais être |
| avoir | to have | j’ai | j’ai eu | je vais avoir |
| faire | to do/make | je fais | j’ai fait | je vais faire |
| aller | to go | je vais | je suis allé(e) | je vais aller |
| pouvoir | to be able to | je peux | j’ai pu | je vais pouvoir |
| vouloir | to want | je veux | j’ai voulu | je vais vouloir |
| devoir | to have to | je dois | j’ai dû | je vais devoir |
| prendre | to take | je prends | j’ai pris | je vais prendre |
Also learn their common expressions: avoir besoin de, faire du sport, aller en ville, pouvoir + inf., vouloir + inf. Recognising these in reading and listening tasks will speed up comprehension considerably.
还要学习由它们构成的常用表达：avoir besoin de, faire du sport, aller en ville, pouvoir + 动词原形, vouloir + 动词原形。在阅读和听力中识别出这些表达，能大大加快理解速度。
4. Grammar Terminology Decoded | 语法术语速记
Examination rubrics (instructions) often use French grammar terms. Knowing them prevents confusion and saves time. The table below lists essential metalanguage.
考试指令中常使用法语语法术语。认识它们可以避免困惑，节省时间。下表列出了必备元语言。
| French Term | English Equivalent | Example / Note |
|---|---|---|
| le nom | noun | un chat, une idée |
| le verbe | verb | manger, finir |
| l’adjectif | adjective | grand, intéressant |
| l’adverbe | adverb | lentement, très |
| le pronom | pronoun | je, tu, le, la, y, en |
| la préposition | preposition | à, de, dans, sur |
| le sujet | subject | Il mange. |
| l’objet direct / indirect | direct / indirect object | Je le vois. / Je lui parle. |
| le temps | tense | présent, passé composé |
| l’infinitif | infinitive | parler, choisir |
| le participe passé | past participle | parlé, choisi |
| conjuguer | conjugate | Conjuguez le verbe. |
When you see ‘Mettez le texte au passé composé’, you know you must rewrite the text in the perfect tense. Being fluent with these terms avoids misinterpretation.
当你看到 “Mettez le texte au passé composé”，你就知道必须用复合过去时改写文本。熟悉这些术语可以避免误解题意。
5. Adjective Agreement (Number and Gender) | 形容词性与数配合
Adjectives must agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) with the noun they modify. The basic rule is straightforward: add -e for feminine, add -s for plural, and -es for feminine plural. However, many common adjectives have irregular forms that appear frequently in exams.
形容词必须与所修饰的名词在性（阳/阴）和数（单/复）上保持一致。基本规则很简单：阴性加 -e，复数加 -s，阴性复数加 -es。然而，许多常见形容词有特殊变化，在考试中频繁出现。
| Masculine Singular | Feminine Singular | Masculine Plural | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| beau | belle | beaux | beautiful |
| vieux | vieille | vieux | old |
| sportif | sportive | sportifs | sporty |
| heureux | heureuse | heureux | happy |
| gentil | gentille | gentils | kind |
| long | longue | longs | long |
| blanc | blanche | blancs | white |
When writing or speaking, always check the gender of the noun first. If you forget, use an invariable adjective like sympa, cool or super which do not change form, but aim to practise the regular patterns until they become automatic.
在进行写作或口语表达时，务必先确认名词的性。如果忘记了，可以使用 sympa、cool 或 super 这些词形不变的形容词，但应尽量练习规律变化，直到能够自动运用。
6. Tense Keywords and Temporal Markers | 时态关键词与时间标志词
Time phrases act as signposts that tell you which tense to use. Memorising a set of temporal markers for each tense will improve both your accuracy and speed when planning a written or spoken answer.
时间短语如同路标，告诉你该使用哪一种时态。记住每种时态对应的一组时间标志词，既能提高准确性，也能在构思书面或口语答案时加快速度。
- Present – d’habitude, normalement, souvent, parfois, en ce moment, toujours, tous les jours
- Near future – demain, ce soir, plus tard, le week-end prochain, dans deux jours, bientôt
- Perfect (passé composé) – hier, avant-hier, la semaine dernière, l’année dernière, une fois, soudain, puis, ensuite
- Imperfect – quand j’étais petit(e), autrefois, chaque été, tous les ans, avant, à l’époque
- Conditional – these often appear with si + imperfect: Si j’avais plus de temps, je ferais du sport.
Whenever you plan a paragraph, pick a time phrase deliberately to force a tense change. This variety earns higher marks for grammatical range.
每当构思一段话时，刻意选择时间短语来强制改变时态。这样的多样性会因语法范围的拓展而获得更高分数。
7. Cognates and False Friends (Les faux amis) | 同源词与假朋友
Cognates are words that look similar and share the same meaning in English and French, making them easy to learn: la nation, le problème, l’hôpital, le restaurant, confortable. They make up a large proportion of reading texts and should be actively exploited to speed up comprehension.
同源词是指英法两种语言中形态相似且意义相同的词，很容易学习：la nation, le problème, l’hôpital, le restaurant, confortable。它们在阅读篇章中占很大比例，应当积极利用来加快理解。
False friends, however, look like an English word but mean something different. They are frequent exam traps, especially in listening and translation tasks.
然而，假朋友看起来像某个英语单词，意思却不同。它们常常是考试陷阱，尤其在听力和翻译题型中。
| French Word | What It Resembles | Actual Meaning | Correct French for English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| librairie | library | bookshop | bibliothèque |
| sensible | sensible | sensitive | raisonnable |
| actuellement | actually | currently | en fait |
| assister à | to assist | to attend | aider |
| éventuellement | eventually | possibly | finalement |
| monnaie | money | change (coins) | argent |
Test yourself by translating sentences that contain false friends. The more you recognise them in advance, the less likely you are to be misled on exam day.
通过翻译含有假朋友的句子来自测。事先识别得越多，考试当天被误导的可能性就越低。
8. Prefixes and Suffixes for Vocabulary Expansion | 利用前后缀扩大词汇量
Knowing common prefixes and suffixes allows you to decode unfamiliar words and build families of related terms, multiplying your vocabulary without extra memorisation effort.
掌握常见的前后缀能让你解读
Published by TutorHao | Year 11 法语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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