📚 Year 10 Eduqas Engineering: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Guide | 10年级Eduqas工程：公式定理速查手册
This quick-reference handbook is designed for Year 10 Eduqas Engineering students. It collects the most important formulas, principles and theorems you will encounter in your course. From mechanical systems to electrical circuits, mastering these equations will help you analyse designs, calculate forces and solve real-world engineering problems. Keep it handy for revision and project work.
本速查手册专为10年级Eduqas工程课程的学生设计，汇集了你在学习过程中会遇到的最重要的公式、原理和定理。从机械系统到电路，掌握这些方程将帮助你分析设计、计算力并解决实际工程问题。请随身携带用于复习和项目作业。
1. Mechanical Advantage (MA) | 机械利益
Mechanical Advantage (MA) describes how much a machine multiplies the effort force you apply. It is defined as the ratio of the load force (output) to the effort force (input). The formula is MA = Load / Effort. For an ideal machine with no friction, MA equals the Velocity Ratio (VR). In reality, MA is always slightly lower due to energy losses.
机械利益（MA）描述机器将你施加的力放大了多少倍。它被定义为负载力（输出）与施加力（输入）之比。公式为 MA = 负载 / 施加力。对于无摩擦的理想机器，MA等于速度比（VR）。实际上，由于能量损耗，MA总是略低一些。
2. Velocity Ratio (VR) | 速度比
Velocity Ratio (VR) is the ratio of the distance moved by the effort to the distance moved by the load in the same time. It is a measure of the ideal mechanical advantage of a machine, ignoring friction. VR = distance moved by effort / distance moved by load. For rotating systems like gears, VR can be calculated from the number of teeth or diameters.
速度比（VR）是同一时间内施加力移动的距离与负载移动的距离之比。它衡量机器的理想机械利益，忽略摩擦。VR = 施加力移动距离 / 负载移动距离。对于齿轮等旋转系统，VR可以根据齿数或直径计算。
3. Efficiency (η) | 效率
Efficiency (η) tells you how well a machine converts input work into useful output work. It is always less than 100% due to friction and other losses. Efficiency = (Useful work output / Work input) × 100%. Efficiency can also be expressed using MA and VR: η = (MA / VR) × 100%. This formula is handy when you cannot measure work directly.
效率（η）表示机器将输入功转化为有用输出功的程度。由于摩擦和其他损耗，效率总是小于100%。效率 = (有用输出功 / 输入功) × 100%。效率也可以用MA和VR表示：η = (MA / VR) × 100%。当你无法直接测量功时，这个公式非常方便。
4. Principle of Moments | 力矩原理
the anticlockwise moments. Moment of a force = Force × perpendicular distance from pivot (M = F × d). This principle is the foundation for analysing levers, beams and balances. It is used to calculate unknown forces in structures.
力矩原理指出，对于处于转动平衡的物体，绕任意支点的顺时针力矩之和必须等于逆时针力矩之和。力矩 = 力 × 到支点的垂直距离 (M = F × d)。该原理是分析杠杆、梁和天平的基础，用于计算结构中的未知力。
5. Gear Trains: Ratio, Speed and Torque | 齿轮系：传动比、转速与扭矩
Gears transmit rotary motion and torque. The gear ratio is the ratio of the number of teeth on the driven gear (output) to the number of teeth on the driver gear (input): Gear Ratio = Teeth(driven) / Teeth(driver). If the driven gear has more teeth, speed decreases and torque increases, and vice versa. The relationship between speeds is: Speed(driven) = Speed(driver) × (Teeth(driver) / Teeth(driven)). Torque is inversely proportional to speed in an ideal gear train.
齿轮传递旋转运动和扭矩。齿轮比是从动齿轮（输出）齿数与主动齿轮（输入）齿数的比值：齿轮比 = 从动齿轮齿数 / 主动齿轮齿数。如果从动齿轮齿数多，速度降低但扭矩增大，反之亦然。速度关系为：从动齿轮转速 = 主动齿轮转速 × (主动齿轮齿数 / 从动齿轮齿数)。在理想齿轮系中，扭矩与转速成反比。
6. Pneumatic and Hydraulic Systems: Pressure and Force |
Published by TutorHao | Year 10 工程 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图