📚 Year 11 Edexcel Law: Key Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Edexcel Year 11 法律词汇术语速记指南
Legal studies at Year 11 require you to remember a large number of specialised terms. Without a systematic approach, it is easy to confuse concepts such as actus reus and mens rea, or strict liability and negligence. This guide organises the essential Edexcel Law vocabulary into digestible topic areas and pairs each definition with a memory hack, so you can recall and apply them accurately in exams.
11年级法律课程要求你记住大量专业术语。如果没有系统方法，很容易混淆概念，例如犯罪行为与犯罪意图、严格责任与过失。本指南将 Edexcel 法律核心词汇分类整理，并附上记忆方法，帮助你在考试中准确回忆并应用。
1. Actus Reus and Mens Rea | 犯罪行为与犯罪意图
Actus reus refers to the external, physical element of a crime. It can be an action, an omission (a failure to act when legally required), or a state of affairs. For example, in theft, the actus reus is the appropriation of property.
犯罪行为 (actus reus) 是指犯罪的外在客观要素，可以是作为、不作为（当法律要求履行义务而未能履行时）或某种状态。例如，盗窃罪中的犯罪行为是侵占财产。
Mens rea is the mental element, or the guilty mind. It describes the defendant's state of mind at the time of the offence, such as intention, recklessness, or (in some cases) negligence. For murder, the mens rea is malice aforethought – an intention to kill or cause grievous bodily harm.
犯罪意图 (mens rea) 是主观要素，即犯意心理。它描述被告犯罪时的心理状态，例如故意、轻率，或（在某些情况下）过失。谋杀的犯罪意图是恶意预谋——意图杀人或造成严重身体伤害。
Memory aid: Link AR with 'Action' and MR with 'Mind'. You can also remember: "Actus Reus: It's the Act; Mens Rea: It's the Mind".
记忆技巧：将 AR 与“行为 (Action)”联系起来，MR 与“心理 (Mind)”联系起来。也可记住：“Actus Reus 管行为，Mens Rea 管思想”。
2. Strict Liability | 严格责任
Strict liability offences are crimes that do not require proof of mens rea. The prosecution only needs to prove that the defendant committed the actus reus. Common examples include selling alcohol to a minor, speeding, or food safety violations. It is no defence that the defendant took reasonable care or did not intend to break the law.
严格责任犯罪是不需要证明犯罪意图的罪行。检方只需证明被告实施了犯罪行为。常见例子包括向未成年人出售酒精、超速驾驶或食品安全违规。即使被告已尽合理注意或无违法意图，也不能作为辩护理由。
Because no guilty mind is needed, these offences are sometimes called "no-fault" crimes. The rationale is to protect the public in areas of social concern.
由于不要求犯意，这类犯罪有时被称为“无过错”犯罪。其目的在于在涉及公共利益的事务中保护公众。
Think of "Strictly No Mind Needed" to recall that strict liability = no mens rea required.
用“严格无心思”来记忆，意即严格责任不要求犯罪意图。 Published by TutorHao | Year 11 法律 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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