📚 Year 10 CAIE Drama: Key Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 10 CAIE 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to this quick memorisation guide for Year 10 CAIE Drama. Whether you are preparing for a devised performance, analysing a set text or refining your practical skills, a strong command of theatre vocabulary will set you apart. This resource breaks down essential terms into logical categories, pairing clear English definitions with Chinese explanations so you can learn, recall and apply them with confidence.
欢迎使用这份面向 Year 10 CAIE 戏剧课程的词汇术语速记指南。无论你正在准备原创表演、分析指定剧本还是打磨实践技巧，扎实的剧场词汇都会让你脱颖而出。本资源将核心术语按逻辑分类，英文定义与中文解释结对呈现，助你轻松学习、快速回忆并自信运用。
1. Stage Directions and Positions | 舞台方位与站位
Stage directions are always given from the actor's perspective when facing the audience. The terms 'upstage' and 'downstage' date back to raked stages that were physically higher at the back; moving away from the audience meant walking uphill.
舞台指示始终以演员面对观众时的视角为准。术语"上台（upstage）"和"下台（downstage）"源于过去后高前低的斜面舞台，远离观众便是真的在走上坡。
Upstage – the area furthest from the audience. Moving upstage reduces the actor's apparent size and can suggest retreat or loss of power.
舞台后方 – 离观众最远的区域。向上台移动会缩小演员的视觉比例，常暗示退缩或力量减弱。
Downstage – the area closest to the audience. This is a strong, intimate position that naturally draws focus.
舞台前方 – 最靠近观众的区域。这是一个有力且贴近观众的位置，能自然吸引注意力。
Centre stage – the middle of the acting space, often reserved for key moments as it commands the greatest focus.
舞台中央 – 表演区的中心点，通常留给关键时刻，因为它最能掌控观众视线。
Stage left – the actor's left when facing the audience.
舞台左侧 – 演员面对观众时的左手边。
Stage right – the actor's right when facing the audience.
舞台右侧 – 演员面对观众时的右手边。
Prompt side (PS) – traditionally stage left, where the prompter sat. Opposite prompt (OP) is stage right.
提词侧 (PS) – 传统上指舞台左侧，提词员坐席；对侧 (OP) 为舞台右侧。
Onstage / Offstage – any area visible to the audience is onstage; wings and backstage corridors are offstage.
台上 / 台下 – 观众看得见的区域是台上；侧幕和后台走廊都是台下。
2. Types of Theatre Spaces | 剧场空间类型
The relationship between actor and audience is shaped by the performance space. Each configuration creates a different dynamic and demands specific staging choices.
演员与观众的关系由表演空间决定。每一种布局都会营造不同的能量场，并需要特定的调度选择。
Proscenium arch – a framed stage opening that separates the auditorium from the acting area, creating a 'picture frame' effect.
镜框式舞台 – 一个有边框的舞台开口，将观众席与表演区隔开，营造"画框"效果。
Thrust stage – a platform that extends into the audience, surrounded on three sides. It brings performers closer to the spectators.
伸出式舞台 – 延伸进观众席的平台，三面被观众包围，让表演者更贴近观众。
Theatre in the round / Arena – the acting area is completely surrounded by the audience, requiring 360-degree blocking and minimal set.
环形剧场 / 竞技场式 – 表演区四周完全被观众包围，需要360度的舞台调度和极简布景。
Black box theatre – a flexible, plain room, usually with black walls, that can be configured in many different ways.
黑匣子剧场 – 灵活的多功能空间，通常墙壁为黑色，可根据需要任意布局。
Traverse stage – the audience sits on two opposite sides of a long acting space, like a catwalk.
双面式舞台 – 观众坐在长方形表演区的两侧，类似T台走道。
Site-specific theatre – performance created for and in a particular location, where the place itself becomes part of the meaning.
特定场域戏剧 – 为某个特定地点量身打造并在其中演出的作品，地点本身成为意义的一部分。
3. Elements of Drama | 戏剧元素
Aristotle's six elements of drama remain a useful framework for analysing and creating theatre. They remind us that drama is a synthesis of many arts.
亚里士多德的戏剧六元素至今仍是分析和创作戏剧的有效框架，提醒我们戏剧是多种艺术的综合。
Plot – the sequence of events and actions that make up the story. It includes conflict, twists and a clear structure.
情节 – 构成故事的事件与行动的序列，包含冲突、转折和清晰的结构。
Character – the individuals in the drama, defined by their traits, motivations and relationships.
人物 – 剧中的角色，由性格特征、动机和相互关系来界定。
Thought / Theme – the ideas, messages or central questions the play explores.
思想 / 主题 – 剧作探讨的观点、信息或核心问题。
Diction / Language – the choice of words, dialogue style and vocal quality used in the performance.
言语 / 语言 – 表演中使用的遣词造句、对白风格和声音质感。
Music / Sound – any rhythmic or tonal element, including song, instrumental accompaniment and sound effects.
音乐 / 音效 – 任何有节奏或调性的元素，包括歌曲、器乐伴奏和音响效果。
Spectacle – the visual aspects: set, lighting, costume, props and special effects.
场面 – 视觉呈现，包括布景、灯光、服装、道具和特效。
4. Performance Skills: Voice | 表演技巧：声音
An actor's voice is a powerful instrument. Mastering these terms helps you describe vocal choices precisely in both practical work and written reflection.
演员的声音是一件强有力乐器。掌握这些术语能帮助你在实践和书面反思中精准描述声音的选择。
Pitch – how high or low the voice is. Higher pitch can suggest youth or tension; lower pitch often conveys authority or calm.
音高 – 声音的高低。较高音高可表现年轻或紧张；较低音高常传达权威或冷静。
Pace – the speed of speech. Rapid pace can indicate excitement or panic; slow pace may suggest sadness or thoughtfulness.
语速 – 说话的快慢。语速快表示激动或恐慌；语速慢暗示悲伤或深思。
Pause – a deliberate break in speech, used to create tension, allow an idea to land or show a character's hesitation.
停顿 – 说话中有意识的断点，用来制造紧张、让某个想法沉淀或表现角色的犹豫。
Volume – the loudness or quietness of the voice. Projection is the technique of filling the space without shouting.
音量 – 声音的响亮度。投射（projection）是不用喊叫就能让声音充满空间的技术。
Tone – the emotional quality carried in the voice, such as sarcastic, warm, cold or desperate.
语气 – 声音携带的情绪色彩，如讽刺、温暖、冷漠或绝望。
Emphasis – stressing a particular word or syllable to change meaning or highlight importance.
重音 – 强调某个词或音节，以改变含义或突显重要性。
Articulation – clarity of speech; crisp consonants and clear vowels ensure the audience understands every word.
吐字 – 说话的清晰度；干脆的辅音和清晰的元音确保观众听清每个词。
Accent – a distinctive way of pronouncing words, often linked to a region or social group.
口音 – 特有的发音方式，常与特定地区或社会群体相关。
5. Performance Skills: Movement and Body Language | 表演技巧：肢体动作与身体语言
Body language can tell the audience as much as words. Every gesture, posture and spatial choice communicates subtext.
身体语言传递的信息不亚于台词。每一个手势、姿态和空间选择都在表达潜台词。
Gesture – a movement of the hand, arm or head to express an idea or emotion. A clenched fist can show anger; an open palm suggests honesty.
手势 – 用手、臂或头部动作来表达想法或情绪。握拳可表示愤怒；摊开手掌暗示坦诚。
Posture – how a character holds their body. Slumped shoulders may indicate defeat; an upright spine often signals status.
姿态 – 角色身体保持的方式。耷拉肩膀也许暗示受挫；挺直的脊柱常表示地位较高。
Facial expression – the use of eyes, eyebrows and mouth to convey emotion. It is one of the most immediate tools of an actor.
面部表情 – 运用眼睛、眉毛和嘴巴传递情感，是演员最直接的表达工具之一。
Eye contact – where the performer looks. Direct gaze can create connection or confrontation; avoiding eye contact can suggest guilt or shyness.
眼神接触 – 表演者视线的落点。直接对视可建立联系或制造冲突；回避视线可暗示内疚或胆怯。
Proxemics – the use of space and distance between characters. Intimate distance can build tension; large gaps can show alienation.
空间关系 – 角色之间的空间与距离运用。亲密距离能制造紧张；大间距可表现疏远。
Levels – the height at which an actor positions themselves (standing, sitting, kneeling, lying). Higher levels often imply dominance.
层次 – 演员所处的高度（站立、坐着、跪着、躺下）。较高层次常常暗示主导地位。
Gait – a character's manner of walking. A slow, heavy tread can show weariness; a light, bouncy step suggests energy and joy.
步态 – 角色的走路方式。缓慢沉重的脚步显露疲惫；轻快有弹性的步伐传递活力与喜悦。
6. Script Analysis and Structure | 剧本分析与结构
Understanding dramatic structure allows you to see how tension is built and released. These terms equip you to discuss the architecture of a play.
理解戏剧结构能让你看清张力如何积累与释放。这些术语帮助你探讨剧本的内在构架。
Exposition – the opening section that introduces the setting, main characters and background information.
展示部分 – 开篇段落，介绍故事背景、主要人物和相关前情。
Rising action – a series of complications and conflicts that increase tension and propel the plot forward.
上升行动 – 一系列复杂化的事件与冲突，不断推高紧张感，推动情节发展。
Climax – the turning point of greatest intensity, often where the protagonist faces a crucial decision or confrontation.
高潮 – 最具紧张感的转折点，主角往往在此面对关键抉择或最终交锋。
Falling action – events following the climax that begin to resolve conflicts and lead towards the conclusion.
下降行动 – 高潮之后的事件，冲突开始化解并走向结局。
Denouement / Resolution – the final part where all loose ends are tied up and a new equilibrium is reached.
结局 / 解结 – 最后部分，所有线索得以收束，达到新的平衡。
Subtext – the underlying meaning beneath the spoken words; what a character truly thinks and feels but does not say directly.
潜台词 – 台词背后的隐含意义；角色真正所想所感但未直说的内容。
Given circumstances – the situational details that shape a character's behaviour: time, place, relationships and prior events.
规定情境 – 塑造角色行为的具体条件：时间、地点、人物关系及此前发生的事件。
7. Character and Role | 角色与人物
Building a believable character involves more than learning lines. These terms help you dig into motivation, function and relationship.
塑造可信的角色远不止记台词。这些术语帮你深挖动机、功能与人际关系。
Protagonist – the main character who drives the story forward, usually the one the audience roots for.
主角 – 推动故事向前的核心人物，通常是观众心理上支持的对象。
Antagonist – the character or force that opposes the protagonist, creating the central conflict.
对立角色 – 对抗主角的人物或力量，制造核心冲突。
Foil – a character who contrasts with another, often the protagonist, to highlight particular qualities.
陪衬角色 – 与另一角色（通常是主角）形成对比的人物，用以突显某种特质。
Motivation – the reason behind a character's actions; what they want in each scene.
动机 – 角色行为背后的理由，即他在每一场戏中想要什么。
Objective – the specific goal a character pursues in a scene; super-objective is the overarching goal throughout the entire play.
任务 (Objective) – 角色在一场戏中追求的具体目标；贯穿全剧的目标则称为最高任务 (super-objective)。
Status – a character's perceived social or emotional standing in relation to others. High-status characters often dominate space and conversation.
地位 – 角色在与他人的关系中的社会或情感层级。高地位角色常主导空间和对话。
Character arc – the internal transformation or journey a character undergoes from beginning to end.
角色弧线 – 角色从始至终经历的内在转变或成长轨迹。
8. Technical Theatre: Lighting and Sound | 技术剧场：灯光与音效
Lighting and sound create atmosphere, guide focus and support the emotional journey. A working knowledge of technical terms is essential for any drama student.
灯光和音效营造氛围、引导焦点并支撑情感旅程。对任何戏剧学生而言，掌握技术术语都是必备技能。
Blackout – a sudden, complete absence of stage lighting, often used to signal a scene change or a dramatic moment.
切光 / 黑场 – 舞台灯光瞬间全部熄灭，常用来标示换场或强烈的戏剧瞬间。
Fade – a gradual increase (fade up) or decrease (fade out) of light intensity, creating smooth transitions.
渐明 / 渐暗 – 灯光强度逐渐升高或降低，营造平滑的过渡效果。
Spotlight – a tightly focused beam of light that isolates a performer or an area; follow spot moves with the actor.
追光 / 定点光 – 聚光性极强的一束光，隔离出单个表演者或区域；跟追光则随演员移动。
Gobo – a metal or glass stencil placed in front of a light to project patterns (e.g., leaves, windows).
图案片 (Gobo) – 安装在灯具前的金属或玻璃模板，可投射图案（如树叶、窗户）。
Gel – a coloured filter placed over a lamp to change the colour of the light.
色纸 (Gel) – 覆盖在灯具上的彩色滤光片，用以改变光的颜色。
Wash – an even, broad coverage of light over a large area, often used to set the general mood.
普光 / 铺光 – 大面积均匀的光照，常用于设定整体氛围。
Diegetic sound – sound that exists within the world of the play and can be heard by the characters (e.g., a doorbell, a playing radio).
剧情内音效 – 存在于戏剧世界内部、角色也能听见的声音（如门铃、正在播放的收音机）。
Non-diegetic sound – sound added for the audience's experience that characters do not hear, such as underscoring.
剧情外音效 – 只为观众体验添加而角色听不到的声音，如背景配乐。
Soundscape – a layered, often abstract mix of sounds that creates an aural environment or mood.
声音景致 – 由多层声音
Published by TutorHao | Year 10 戏剧 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图