📚 Year 10 SQA Drama: Quick Vocab & Terminology Guide | SQA 高一戏剧：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the key terms used in SQA Drama is essential for both your practical performances and written exams. This guide breaks down the most important vocabulary into bite-sized, bilingual explanations to help you recall and apply terminology with confidence.
掌握 SQA 戏剧课程中使用的关键术语，对你的实践表演和笔试都至关重要。这份指南将最重要的词汇拆解成易于吸收的双语解释，帮助你自信地记忆和运用这些术语。
1. Core Performance Terminology | 核心表演术语
Start by building a solid foundation in the language of performance. These terms describe basic dramatic structures and character interactions on stage.
从建立扎实的表演语言基础开始。这些术语描述了舞台上基本的戏剧结构和角色互动。
Monologue: A lengthy speech delivered by a single actor, often revealing inner thoughts to the audience.
独白：由一个演员单独说出的长篇台词，常常向观众揭示内心想法。
Duologue: A scene or extended dialogue between two characters that drives the action forward.
对白：两个角色之间推动情节发展的场景或较长对话。
Soliloquy: A speech where a character, usually alone on stage, speaks their private thoughts aloud.
内心独白：角色通常独自在舞台上大声说出自己的私密想法的一段台词。
Aside: A brief remark delivered directly to the audience, unheard by other characters on stage.
旁白：直接对观众说出的简短评论，舞台上的其他角色听不到。
Protagonist / Antagonist: The leading character who drives the story versus the character or force that opposes them.
主角 / 对手：推动故事发展的主要角色，以及与其对立的人物或力量。
Improvisation: Unscripted, spontaneous creation of dialogue and action, often used in rehearsal and exploration.
即兴表演：没有剧本、即兴创作的台词和动作，常用于排练和探索过程中。
2. Voice and Speech Techniques | 声音与台词技巧
An actor's voice is a powerful tool. Precise control of these vocal elements helps convey meaning, emotion and status.
演员的声音是强有力的工具。精准控制这些声音要素有助于传达含义、情感和身份地位。
Pitch: How high or low the voice sounds, used to express emotion and differentiate characters.
音调：声音听起来的高低程度，用来表达情感和区分角色。
Pace: The speed at which lines are spoken, creating tension, excitement or calm.
语速：说台词的速度，可以营造紧张、兴奋或平静的气氛。
Volume: The loudness or softness of the voice, essential for projection and intimacy.
音量：声音的响度，对于声音投射和营造亲密感至关重要。
Tone: The emotional quality carried in the voice, such as sarcastic, warm or anxious.
语气：声音中传递的情感特质，如讽刺、温暖或焦虑。
Articulation: Clear and precise pronunciation of words so every syllable is understood.
吐字：清晰、准确地发音，让每个音节都能被听清。
Projection: Using breath and diaphragm control to make the voice carry to the back of the performance space without shouting.
声音投射：利用呼吸和横膈膜控制，让声音传达到表演场地的后排，而不必喊叫。
Pause: A deliberate silence used to build tension, allow a moment to land or show hesitation.
停顿：有意的静默，用于营造紧张气氛、让某个瞬间沉淀或表现犹豫。
3. Movement and Body Language | 动作与肢体语言
Physical expression often communicates more than words. These terms help you describe and use movement effectively on stage.
肢体表达往往比语言传递更多信息。这些术语帮助你有效描述和运用舞台上的动作。
Gesture: A specific hand, arm or head movement that communicates meaning, like pointing or waving.
手势：传达含义的特定手部、手臂或头部动作，如指、挥手等。
Posture: The way an actor holds their body, reflecting character age, mood and status.
体态：演员保持身体的方式，反映角色的年龄、情绪和身份地位。
Facial Expression: How an actor uses their face to show feelings without words, including eye and eyebrow movements.
面部表情：演员如何用面部展现感受而不需要语言，包括眼神和眉毛的动作。
Proxemics: The use of distance between characters to show relationships, intimacy or conflict.
空间关系：利用角色之间的距离来表现关系、亲密程度或冲突。
Levels: Use of different heights on stage through standing, sitting or lying down to show power and focus.
层次：通过站立、坐下或躺下等方式在舞台上运用不同高度，以表现权力和焦点。
Body Language: The overall story told by posture, gesture and movement combined, revealing inner state.
身体语言：体态、手势和动作共同讲述的整体故事，揭示角色的内在状态。
4. Stage Directions and Blocking | 舞台方位与走位调度
Knowing your way around the stage is fundamental. These terms ensure every actor and director can communicate positioning precisely.
熟悉舞台方位是最基本的。这些术语确保每位演员和导演都能精确沟通定位。
Upstage: The area of the stage furthest from the audience; moving upstage often draws focus away.
后舞台：距离观众最远的舞台区域；走向后舞台通常会减弱观众的注意力。
Downstage: The area closest to the audience, ideal for emphasis and intimate moments.
前舞台：最靠近观众的区域，适合用于强调和亲密时刻。
Centre Stage: The middle of the acting area, commanding the most attention.
舞台中央：表演区的正中位置，最能吸引注意力。
Stage Left / Stage Right: Left and right from the actor's perspective when facing the audience. (Stage left is the audience's right.)
舞台左侧 / 舞台右侧：演员面向观众时自己的左边和右边。（舞台左侧即观众看到的右边。）
Cross: A movement from one part of the stage to another, often prompted by a cue or motivation.
交叉走位：从舞台的一个区域移动到另一个区域，常由提示或动机引发。
Blocking: The carefully planned movement and positioning of actors, set before rehearsing dialogue.
走位调度：经过仔细规划的演员移动和定位，在对台词前就已设定好。
5. Characterisation and Role Work | 角色塑造与角色创作
Bringing a character to life goes beyond learning lines. These concepts deepen your understanding of motivation and inner life.
让角色生动起来不仅仅在于背台词。这些概念加深你对动机和内心世界的理解。
Motivation: The reason behind a character's actions or words — what drives them in a scene.
动机：角色行动或台词背后的原因——即在一场戏中驱动他们的东西。
Objective: A character's specific goal in a scene, such as wanting to gain sympathy or hide a secret.
意图：角色在一场戏中的具体目标，例如想要获得同情或隐藏秘密。
Subtext: The hidden or unspoken meaning running underneath the dialogue, communicated through tone and movement.
潜台词：台词底下隐藏的、未说出口的含义，通过语气和动作来传达。
Status: The social or emotional standing of a character in relation to others, often shown through posture and proxemics.
身份地位：一个角色相对于他人的社会或情感地位，常通过体态和空间关系展示。
Given Circumstances: The background information provided by the script — setting, time, relationships — that shapes character.
给定情境：剧本提供的背景信息——背景、时间、人物关系等——塑造角色的要素。
6. Drama Conventions and Rehearsal Techniques | 戏剧常规与排练技巧
Drama conventions are structured strategies used to explore a text and develop performance. They are essential in SQA devising and workshops.
戏剧常规是用于探索文本和发展表演的结构化策略，是 SQA 创作与工作坊中不可或缺的部分。
Still Image / Freeze Frame: A frozen, silent picture created by actors using their bodies to capture a moment or idea.
静态画面 / 定格：演员用身体创造的一幅凝固无声的画面，用以捕捉某一瞬间或概念。
Thought Tracking: A technique where actors speak a character's inner thoughts aloud during a freeze or at key moments.
思路追踪：演员在定格或关键时刻大声说出角色内心想法的一种技巧。
Hot Seating: Questioning a performer who remains in role, probing deeper into the character's backstory and feelings.
坐针毡：在角色中对演员进行提问，深入挖掘角色的背景故事和感受。
Narration: Telling part of the story directly to the audience, often breaking the fourth wall.
旁述：直接向观众讲述故事的部分内容，常常打破第四堵墙。
Cross-cutting: Juxtaposing two or more scenes by switching back and forth between them to highlight contrasts or connections.
交叉剪接：在两个或多个场景之间来回切换，形成并置，以突出对比或关联。
Slow Motion: Deliberately slowing down movement to emphasise an important moment or heighten emotion.
慢动作：有意放慢动作以强调重要时刻或强化情感。
7. Set, Props and Costume | 布景、道具与服装
The visual world of a production tells its own story. Design terms help you discuss how environment and objects support meaning.
一部作品的视觉世界讲述着自己的故事。设计术语帮助你讨论环境和物品如何支持含义。
Set: The physical surroundings constructed on stage to represent the location of the play.
布景：舞台上构建的实体环境，用以表现戏剧的地点。
Flats: Lightweight wooden frames covered with canvas or board, painted and used to form walls or scenery.
景片：覆盖帆布或板材的轻质木框，经绘制后用于构成墙壁或场景。
Props: Any objects used by actors during a performance, ranging from books to furniture.
道具：演员在表演中使用的任何物品，从书本到家具。
Costume: Clothing and accessories worn by actors to reflect period, character, status and mood.
服装：演员穿着的衣物及配饰，用以反映时代、角色、地位和情绪。
Symbolic Costume / Set: Using visual elements not in a literal way, but to represent ideas — e.g. red fabric for danger.
象征性服装 / 布景：不以写实方式使用视觉元素，而是用来表现观念，例如红色布料代表危险。
8. Lighting Design Terminology | 灯光设计术语
Lighting shapes mood, directs focus and signals changes in time or space. These terms appear frequently in SQA written papers.
灯光塑造情绪，指引焦点，并示意时间或空间的变化。这些术语经常出现在 SQA 笔试中。
Blackout: A sudden switch-off of all stage lights, often used to mark the end of a scene or create shock.
灭灯：所有舞台灯光突然关闭，常用于标示一场戏的结束或制造震惊效果。
Fade: A gradual increase or decrease of lighting intensity to create a smooth transition.
渐明 / 渐暗：灯光强度逐渐增强或减弱，以创造平滑的过渡。
Crossfade: One lighting cue dimming out as another dims in, overlapping to maintain visual flow.
交叉渐变：一个灯光提示渐暗的同时另一个渐亮，互相重叠以保持视觉流畅。
Spotlight: A tightly focused beam of light that isolates a particular actor or area on stage.
追光：一束紧密聚焦的光，用来将特定演员或舞台区域从环境中隔离开来。
Gobo: A metal or glass stencil inserted into a lighting fixture to project patterns, such as leaves or windows.
图案片：插入灯具中的金属或玻璃模板，用以投射树叶、窗户等图案。
Gel: A coloured filter placed in front of a light to change its colour and alter the atmosphere.
色纸：放在灯前改变光线颜色并转换气氛的彩色滤光片。
9. Sound and Music in Drama | 戏剧中的音效与音乐
Sound design is just as important as what we see. Learn to identify how sound builds context and emotion.
音效设计与我们所看到的同等重要。学会识别声音如何构建语境和情感。
Diegetic Sound: Sound that comes from within the world of the play, such as a telephone ringing that characters can hear.
剧情内音效：来自戏剧世界内部的声音，例如角色可以听到的电话铃声。
Non-diegetic Sound: Sound added for the audience only, such as dramatic underscore, which characters cannot hear.
剧情外音效：仅为观众添加的声音，如戏剧性配乐，角色无法听到。
Underscore: Music played quietly beneath dialogue to enhance mood or emotional tension.
配乐铺底：在对话下方轻声播放的音乐，用以增强情绪或情感张力。
Sound Effect: A pre-recorded or live sound used to create an environment, like rain, footsteps or a door slam.
音效：用于营造环境的预录或现场声音，如雨声、脚步声或关门声。
Ambient Sound: The background noise that sets the scene, such as birdsong in a forest or traffic in a city.
环境音：设定场景的背景噪音，例如森林中的鸟鸣或城市的车流声。
Sound Cue: A marked point in the script where a specific sound must start or stop.
声音提示：剧本中标注的需要特定声音开始或停止的时间点。
10. Directing and Production Roles | 导演与制作角色
Putting on a production involves a whole team. These roles are key to understanding how a piece moves from page to stage.
上演一出作品需要一个完整的团队。这些角色对于理解一部作品如何从剧本搬上舞台至关重要。
Director: The person responsible for the overall artistic vision, guiding actors and coordinating design elements.
导演：负责整体艺术构想的人，指导演员并协调各设计元素。
Stage Manager: The organiser of rehearsals and performances, calling cues and ensuring everything runs smoothly backstage.
舞台监督：排练与演出的组织者，发出提示并确保后台一切顺利进行。
Set Designer: Creates the physical world of the play through drawings, models and construction ideas.
布景设计师：通过绘图、模型和搭建方案创造戏剧的实体世界。
Lighting Designer: Plans the lighting states, colours and effects to support mood, time and focus.
灯光设计师：规划光位、颜色和效果，以烘托情绪、时间和焦点。
Sound Designer: Selects and creates all sound, music and effects to complement the story.
音效设计师：挑选并创作所有声音、音乐和效果，以配合故事叙述。
Technical Rehearsal: A rehearsal focused on integrating lighting, sound and set changes without stopping for acting notes.
技术彩排：着重于整合灯光、音效和布景变换的排练，不因表演问题而中断。
11. Quick Memory Tricks and Exam Tips | 快速记忆技巧与考试提示
Retaining terminology becomes easier when you connect words to action. Use these strategies to make your revision stick.
当你将词汇与行动联系起来时，记忆术语会变得更容易。运用这些策略让复习更牢固。
Group terms by category: Practice recalling all lighting terms together, then all sound terms. This builds mental filing systems.
按类别分组记忆：把所有灯光术语放在一起回忆，然后是声音术语。这样可以建立大脑的归档系统。
Use physical flashcards: Write the English term on one side and the Chinese explanation on the other. Test yourself saying both aloud.
使用实物抽认卡：一面写英文术语，另一面写中文解释。考自己大声说出双语内容。
Walk the stage: When revising blocking terms, physically move in a space and label each area out loud — upstage, cross, centre.
在场地中行走：复习走位术语时，亲自在空间中移动并大声标注每个区域——后舞台、交叉走位、中央。
Watch a short scene: Select a clip (no longer than two minutes) and try to write down every theatre term you can spot in performance.
观看短场景：选取一个不超过两分钟的片段，试着写下你能在表演中发现的每一个戏剧术语。
In the exam, always justify: Never just name a term — explain why it was chosen and the effect it creates on the audience.
在考试中永远给出理由：不要只说出术语名称——解释为什么选择它，以及对观众产生的效果。
Use the 'What, Why, How' model: What was used? Why was it used? How did it affect the mood, character or message?
使用“什么、为什么、怎么样”模型：用了什么？为什么用？它如何影响情绪、角色或信息？
Link terms to a live show you studied: Ground your answers in practical examples from a production you have analysed in class — it shows understanding.
将术语与你学过的现场演出联系起来：把答案建立在你课堂分析过的某个剧目的实际例子上——这能体现理解深度。
Published by TutorHao | Drama Revision Series | aleveler.com
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