📚 Year 10 CIE Maths: Quick Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | Year 10 CIE 数学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering mathematical vocabulary is essential for excelling in the CIE IGCSE Mathematics (0580) examination. Many students lose marks not because they cannot solve problems, but because they misunderstand key terms in questions. This guide will help you quickly learn and recall the most important terms you will encounter in Year 10, with clear definitions in both English and Chinese. Read each pair carefully to build a strong bilingual mathematical vocabulary.
掌握数学词汇对于在 CIE IGCSE 数学 (0580) 考试中取得优异成绩至关重要。许多考生失分不是因为他们不会解题，而是因为他们误解了题目中的关键术语。本指南将帮助你快速学习和记忆 Year 10 阶段会遇到的最高频重要术语，并提供清晰的中英文定义。请仔细阅读每一对解释，建立扎实的双语数学词汇基础。
1. Algebraic Expressions | 代数表达式
Variable: A symbol (usually a letter like x or y) that represents a number we do not yet know.
变量：一个符号（通常是字母，如 x 或 y），代表一个我们还不知道的数值。
Term: A single number, a variable, or numbers and variables multiplied together. In 3x + 2y − 5, each part separated by + or − is a term.
项：一个单独的数、变量，或数字与变量相乘的积。在表达式 3x + 2y − 5 中，由加号或减号分隔开的每一个部分都是一个项。
Coefficient: The number in front of a variable in a term. For example, in 7x³, the coefficient is 7.
系数：项中变量前面的数字。例如，在 7x³ 中，系数是 7。
Expression: ical operators (+, −, ×, ÷) without an equals sign. For example, 4a + 2b is an expression.
表达式：由项通过数学运算符（+、−、×、÷）组合而成，没有等号。例如，4a + 2b 是一个表达式。
Like terms: Terms that contain the same variables raised to the same powers. Only like terms can be combined (3x and 7x; 5xy² and −2xy²).
同类项：包含相同变量且变量的指数相同的项。只有同类项才能合并（如 3x 和 7x；5xy² 和 −2xy²）。
Expand: To remove brackets by multiplying each term inside the bracket by the term outside. For example, expanding 2(x + 3) gives 2x + 6.
展开：用括号外的项乘以括号内的每一项，从而去掉括号。例如，展开 2(x + 3) 得到 2x + 6。
Factorise: The opposite of expanding; putting brackets back into an expression by taking out a common factor. For example, 6x + 9 factorises to 3(2x + 3).
因式分解：展开的逆运算；通过提取公因式把表达式放回到括号中。例如，6x + 9 分解因式得到 3(2x + 3)。
2. Equations and Inequalities | 方程与不等式
Equation: tatement that shows two expressions are equal, using the sign =. For example, 2x + 5 = 11.
方程：使用等号表示两个表达式相等的数学陈述。例如，2x + 5 = 11。
Inequality: an (>), less than (<), greater than or equal to (≥), or less than or equal to (≤) another.
不等式：比较两个数值的陈述，表示一个数值大于（
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