📚 GCSE OCR PE: Key Terminology Quick Revision Guide | OCR 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Struggling to lock down the endless terms in your OCR GCSE Physical Education syllabus? This guide unpacks the high-frequency vocabulary you will meet in Paper 1 and Paper 2, couples each with a simple memory hook, and helps you translate knowledge into exam marks. Use it as a daily drill or the night before the test.
还在为 OCR 中等教育普通证书体育课程里铺天盖地的术语发愁吗？这篇速记指南拆解了卷一卷二中最常见的词汇，每个术语都配上简单的记忆钩子，帮你把知识转化为卷面分。可以当作每日诵读表，也可以考前抱佛脚。
1. Skeletal System Essentials | 骨骼系统要点
Long bones – e.g., femur, humerus. They act as levers for movement. Think of a long shopping bag you carry with one arm; the bag swings because the bone is a 'lever'.
长骨——如股骨、肱骨。它们充当运动的杠杆。想象单手拎着长购物袋走路，袋子晃来晃去正因骨头是“杠杆”。
Synovial joint – a freely movable joint with a fluid-filled cavity. Recall 'synovial' as 'sin-oil' – oil lubricates the joint.
滑膜关节——具有充满液体关节腔的可自由运动的关节。把 synovial 联想成“sin-oil”——油起润滑作用。
Flexion – decreasing the angle at a joint. When you flex your arm, the angle gets smaller – like folding a piece of paper.
屈曲——减小关节角度。当屈臂时角度变小，好比折纸。
Abduction – moving a limb away from the midline. 'Alien abduction' takes you away from Earth.
外展——将肢体远离身体中线。“外星人绑架”把你带离地球。
2. Muscular System Must-Knows | 肌肉系统必知术语
Agonist / prime mover – the muscle doing the contracting. In a bicep curl, the biceps is the agonist. Remember: the agonist is in agony because it works the hardest.
主动肌 / 原动肌——负责收缩做功的肌肉。二头弯举时肱二头肌是主动肌。巧记：“主动”者最辛苦，它“痛”得厉害。
Antagonist – ment. During the curl, the triceps relax. Antagonist = anti-agonist, it does the opposite.
拮抗肌——舒张来允许运动的肌肉。弯举时肱三头肌放松。拮抗肌 = 反主动肌，功能相反。
Type I fibres – slow-twitch, high endurance, used in marathon running. Think 'one long effort' – Type I runs for hours.
I 型纤维——慢缩纤维，耐力高，用于马拉松。联想：I 型就是“一直”跑，能跑很久。
Type IIx fibres – fast-twitch, explosive power, used in sprinting. Picture the two explosions (II) that go 'X' – super fast.
IIx 型纤维——快缩纤维，爆发力强，用于冲刺。想象两次爆炸 (II) 带 X 光速，快得惊人。
3. Cardiovascular & Respiratory Key Terms | 心血管与呼吸关键术语
Heart rate (HR) – me = cardiac output. Just write Q = HR x SV on your palm before the exam (metaphorically).
心率——每分钟心跳数。记公式：心率 × 每搏输出量 = 心输出量。考前在手掌上虚写 Q = HR×SV，念念不忘。
Stroke volume (SV) – volume of blood pumped per beat. Stroke volume increases with training because the heart wall gets thicker. Link 'stroke' to the amount you could scoop with a giant straw.
每搏输出量——每跳泵出的血量。训练后心肌增厚，每搏输出量上升。联想“stroke”像大吸管一口气吸上来的量。
Tidal volume – volume of air inhaled/exhaled per normal breath. The tide goes in, tide goes out – just like breathing.
潮气量——每次平静呼吸吸入或呼出的气量。潮水涨落正如呼吸起伏。
Minute ventilation – tidal volume × breathing rate. It's the total air moved in one minute. Link 'minute' with 'minute ventilation' – both measure per minute.
每分通气量——潮气量 × 呼吸频率。即每分钟进出肺的气体总量。看到“每分”就知道是每分钟的量。
4. Components of Fitness | 体能组成部分
Agility – the ability to change direction quickly while keeping control. 'Agile as a cat' – cats can twist in mid-air.
灵敏性——快速改变方向并保持控制的能力。“像猫一样灵敏”——猫在空中都能转身。
Power – owing a fast, forceful punch. Remember Power = Strength + Speed (both start with P and S).
爆发力——力量 × 速度。想象拳击手又快又重地出拳。巧记：Power 需要 Strength 和 Speed 三者都带 S/P 音。
Cardiovascular endurance – the heart and lungs' ability to supply oxygen over time. It's your 'staying power'. Associate with long 'cardio' sessions.
心血管耐力——心肺长时间供氧的能力。就是“持久力”。联想起动感单车课（cardio）上长时间蹬车。
Reaction time – time between stimulus and movement onset. In sprint starts, the gun is the stimulus. Think 'React fast or miss the bus'.
反应时间——从刺激到动作开始的时间。短跑起跑时枪声就是刺激。想着“反应慢了就赶不上公车”。
5. Principles of Training | 训练原则
SPORR – Specificity, Progression, Overload, Reversibility, Recovery. Spell SPORR and say "sports have no 't' – remember with SPORR".
SPORR——针对性、渐进性、超负荷、可逆性、恢复。拼出 SPORR 并说“运动 (sport) 没字母 T，所以是 SPORR”。
FITT – Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type. If you want to get FIT, adjust the FITT variables.
FITT——频率、强度、时间、类型。想变“Fit”（健康），就调整 FITT 四要素。
Overload – exercising at a level beyond normal to cause adaptation. To overload, use FITT. Think of it as 'over-loading' a washing machine with more clothes – it has to work harder.
超负荷——在超出平常的水平上训练以引起适应。实现超负荷需用 FITT。想象洗衣机塞满超负荷衣服，机器得加把劲。
Reversibility – use it or lose it. If training stops, fitness declines. Remember 'reverse' gear – things go backwards.
可逆性——用进废退。训练一停，体能就丢。记“倒车”(reverse) 档，一挂就往后走。
6. Methods of Training | 训练方法
Continuous training – steady exercise with no rest, lasting 20+ minutes. Perfect for marathoners. Think of a continuous stream of water – never stops.
持续训练——连续无休息的稳态运动，至少20分钟。马拉松选手的最爱。想象连绵不断的水流。
Interval training – periods of work followed by rest. High intensity interval training (HIIT) uses short, all-out bursts. Link 'intervals' to intervals on a stopwatch.
间歇训练——运动期与休息期交替。高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 使用短时全力冲刺。“interval”就像秒表上的计时段。
Fartlek training – Swedish for 'speed play'. Change pace naturally across terrain. Link 'fart' (fast) + 'lek' (play) – have fun with speed!
法特莱克训练——瑞典语“速度游戏”。在自然地形中变换速度。拆解成“fast”+“play”，边玩边变速！
Plyometric training – explosive jumping, bounding and hopping to build power. Remember 'plyometric' as 'ply-oh-metric' – you fly through a metric distance.
超等长训练——利用爆发性的跳、跨、跃来增强力量。把 plyometric 想成“飞过量尺”——像飞过一段距离。
7. Skill Classification & Goal Setting | 技能分类与目标设定
Open skill – performed in a changing environment, e.g., a dribble in football. The situation is 'open' to change.
开放性技能——在变化环境中执行的技能，如足球盘带。环境随时“敞开”变化。
Closed skill – a stable, predictable environment, e.g., a free throw in basketball. The world is 'closed' – no surprises.
封闭性技能——在稳定可预测环境中执行的技能，如篮球罚球。外部干扰被“封住”，没有意外。
SMART targets – Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Recorded, Timed. You can be SMART by making goals that you can see, measure and tick off.
SMART 目标——具体、可测量、可实现、已记录、有时限。设定能看见、可量化、能打勾的目标，你就“聪明”了。
Basic skill – few decisions, simple movement, e.g., running. Often learned early. 'Basic' like a basic recipe you do without thinking.
基本技能——决策少、动作简单，如跑步。通常早期掌握。就像无需思考的基础菜谱。
8. Feedback & Guidance | 反馈与指导
Intrinsic feedback – information from within the performer (kinesthesis). It’s how the movement feels. Think 'internal feeling'.
内在反馈——来自运动员自身的感觉信息（动觉）。是动作的“感觉”。记“内”在的感受。
Extrinsic feedback – comes from an outside source, e.g., coach, video. Ex- means outside, like 'exit'.
外在反馈——来自外部源，如教练、录像。Ex- 表示外，就像“出口”(exit)。
Knowledge of performance (KP) – feedback about technique. How you looked doing it. 'P' for posture and pattern.
操作过程知识——关于技术的反馈。你动作的样子。P 可以联想“姿势”(posture) 和模式 (pattern)。
Visual guidance – demonstration, video, charts. Most beginners need to see it done.
视觉指导——示范、视频、挂图。初学者大多需要“看见”怎么做。
Manual guidance – physically moving the learner, e.g., holding arms in a golf swing. 'Manual' like using your hands.
手控指导——用身体接触移动学习者，例如扶着胳膊完成高尔夫挥杆。“Manual”就是用手。
9. Health, Fitness & Well-being | 健康、体能和福祉
Health – a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. Remember the WHO triangle: body, mind, social.
健康——一种身体、心理和社会适应都完好的状态，不仅是没有疾病。记 WHO 三角：身体、心理、社交。
Sedentary lifestyle – a pattern of inactivity. Sitting for hours is sedentary. 'Sedent' sounds like 'sit-dent' – you make a dent in the sofa.
久坐生活方式——缺乏活动的行为模式。长时间坐着就是“sedentary”。读音像“坐下就凹下去”——沙发都被坐出坑。
Balanced diet – correct proportions of carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre. Named the macronutrients and micronutrients. Picture a plate divided into sections.
均衡饮食——恰当比例的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、矿物质、水和纤维素。想象餐盘被科学划分。
Obesity – excessive body fat linked to health risks. Often measured by BMI. Think 'obesity' as 'over body-size it'.
肥胖——体脂过度累积，与健康风险相关。常用 BMI 衡量。拆解为“over body size”——体型超出标准。
10. Socio-Cultural Influences & Ethics | 社会文化影响与体育道德
Commercialisation – sport treated as a commodity to make money. Sponsorship, media rights, merchandise. Think 'commercials' on TV.
商业化——把运动当作商品来赚钱。赞助、转播权、周边商品。联想电视上的“广告”(commercials)。
Sportsmanship – fair play, respect for opponents, gracious in defeat. A 'sport' with honor.
体育精神——公平竞争，尊重对手，败而不怨。运动 (sport) 搭配君子风度。
Gamesmanship – bending the rules to gain advantage without actually breaking them, e.g., taking too long to serve. It's the 'game' within the game.
竞技技巧——钻规则空子获取优势，却不直接犯规，比如故意拖延发球。这是比赛中的“心理博弈”。
Etiquette – unwritten rules or customs of a sport, e.g., kicking the ball out for an injured player. Think 'ticket' – you need the right conduct to get a ticket to the game.
体育礼仪——运动中的不成文规定或习俗，例如有人受伤时将球踢出界。联想“门票”(ticket)，品行端正才配上场。
Published by TutorHao | PE Revision Series | aleveler.com
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