📚 Year 10 OCR Physics: Core Knowledge Review | Year 10 OCR 物理：核心知识点梳理
This article provides a concise overview of the essential topics covered in Year 10 OCR GCSE Physics. Understanding these core concepts builds a strong foundation for exam success and future studies. We will explore energy, electricity, the particle model of matter, atomic structure, and radioactivity, highlighting key definitions, equations and practical contexts.
本文简要梳理 Year 10 OCR 物理的核心知识点。掌握这些基本概念将为考试成功和后续学习打下坚实基础。我们将探讨能量、电路、粒子模型、原子结构以及放射性等内容，突出关键定义、方程和实际应用。
1. Energy Stores and Transfers | 能量储存与转移
A system is a single object or group of objects. Energy can be stored in kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic, thermal, chemical, nuclear, magnetic and electrostatic stores.
系统是指单一物体或一组物体。能量可以储存在动能、重力势能、弹性势能、热能、化学能、核能、磁能和静电储存中。
Energy can be transferred between stores by heating, by doing work, by waves (e.g. light, sound) or by an electric current.
能量可以通过加热、做功、波（如光、声）或电流在不同储存之间转移。
In a closed system, the total energy is conserved; it cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred.
在封闭系统中，总能量守恒；能量既不会凭空产生，也不会凭空消失，只能转移。
Common equations: kinetic energy Ek = ½ m v²; gravitational potential energy Ep = m g h; elastic potential energy Ee = ½ k x² (where k is spring constant, x is extension).
常见公式：动能 Ek = ½ m v²；重力势能 Ep = m g h；弹性势能 Ee = ½ k x²（k 为劲度系数，x 为伸长量）。
2. Work, Power and Efficiency | 功、功率与效率
an object. Work done (J) = force (N) × distance moved in direction of force (m): W = F d.
当力使物体移动时做功。做功（焦）= 力（牛）× 沿力方向移动的距离（米）：W = F d。
ergy. Power (W) = work done (J) / time (s) or P = E / t. One watt is one joule per second.
功率是做功或能量转移的速率。功率（瓦）= 做功（焦）/ 时间（秒）即 P = E / t。1 瓦等于每秒 1 焦。
Efficiency is the ratio of useful output energy (or power) to total input energy. It can be expressed as a decimal or percentage; no device is 100% efficient due to energy dissipation (often as thermal energy).
效率是有用输出能量（或功率）与总输入能量之比。可用小数或百分数表示；由于能量散失（通常为热能），没有设备能达到 100% 效率。
In many processes, wasted energy is transferred to the thermal stores of the surroundings. Reducing unwanted energy transfers improves efficiency.
在许多过程中，浪费的能量转移到周围环境的热能储存中。减少不必要的能量转移可提高
Published by TutorHao | Year 10 Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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