📚 Year 10 AQA Computer Science: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference | AQA十年级计算机科学公式定理速查手册
This handbook consolidates the essential formulas, theorems, and conversion methods required for Year 10 AQA Computer Science. Each topic is presented with concise English explanations followed by Chinese translations, helping bilingual learners quickly recall key principles during revision and exam preparation.
本速查手册汇总了AQA十年级计算机科学课程所需的核心公式、定理与转换方法。每个主题均以简洁的英文解释配以中文翻译，帮助双语学习者在复习和备考时快速回忆关键原理。
1. Data Storage Units & Conversions | 数据存储单位与转换
= 8 bits. In computing contexts relevant to the GCSE specification, prefixes like KB, MB, GB, TB typically follow binary multiples where 1 KB = 210 bytes = 1024 bytes.
所有数字数据均以位（bit）存储，一个位代表0或1。更大的单位基于2的幂。基本关系为1字节 = 8位。在与GCSE规范相关的计算机领域中，前缀如KB、MB、GB、TB通常采用二进制倍数，即1 KB = 210 字节 = 1024字节。
| Unit | Symbol | Size in Bytes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 kilobyte | KB | 210 = 1024 |
| 1 megabyte | MB | 220 = 1,048,576 |
| 1 gigabyte | GB | 230 = 1,073,741,824 |
| 1 terabyte | TB | 240 = 1,099,511,627,776 |
The conversion between bits and bytes is straightforward and is used frequently when calculating file sizes or transfer speeds.
位与字节之间的转换非常直接，在计算文件大小或传输速度时频繁使用。
bits = bytes × 8
bytes = bits ÷ 8
2. Image File Size | 图像文件大小
A bitmap image stores a grid of pixels, each with a colour value. The file size depends on the pixel width, height, and colour depth (the number of bits used per pixel to describe colour). A higher colour depth allows more colours but increases file size.
位图图像存储一个像素网格，每个像素都有颜色值。文件大小取决于像素宽度、高度和颜色深度（用于描述每个像素颜色的位数）。更高的颜色深度能表示更多颜色，但会增加文件大小。
Image Size (bytes) = (Width × Height × Colour Depth) ÷ 8
For example, a 1920 × 1080 image with a colour depth of 24 bits per pixel has a raw
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