AQA Year 10 Maths: Glossary & Quick Memorisation Guide | AQA 10 年级数学：词汇术语速记指南

📚 AQA Year 10 Maths: Glossary & Quick Memorisation Guide | AQA 10 年级数学：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering mathematical vocabulary is the foundation of success in AQA Year 10 Maths. This concise bilingual glossary provides clear definitions for essential terms across all major topics, helping you to read questions accurately, communicate your reasoning, and memorise key concepts faster. Whether you are revising for end-of-topic tests or preparing for GCSE, this guide will boost your confidence.

掌握数学词汇是在AQA 10年级数学中取得成功的基石。这本简明双语词汇表提供了涵盖所有主要主题的关键术语的清晰定义，帮助你准确读题、表达推理过程，并更快地记忆核心概念。无论你是在为单元测试复习，还是为GCSE做准备，本指南都将增强你的信心。

1. Number & Arithmetic | 数字与算术

Integer: a whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero, but not a fraction or a decimal. Examples: -5, 0, 12.

整数：可以是正数、负数或零的整数，不能是分数或小数。例如：-5, 0, 12。

Factor nother number, leaving no remainder. For instance, 4 is a factor of 20 because 20 ÷ 4 = 5.

因数：能整除另一个数而没有余数的数。例如，4是20的因数，因为20 ÷ 4 = 5。

Multiple: the result of multiplying a number by an integer. The first few multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, ...

倍数：一个数与整数相乘的结果。6的前几个倍数是6、12、18、24……

Prime number: an integer greater than 1 that has exactly two distinct positive factors: 1 and itself. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 are prime numbers.

素数（质数）：大于1的整数，且恰好只有两个不同的正因数：1和它本身。2、3、5、7、11都是素数。

Square root (√) ltiplied by itself, gives the original number. The square root of 25 is 5 because 5² = 25.

平方根（√）：一个数与自己相乘得到原数的值。25的平方根是5，因为5² = 25。

Cube root (∛) imes in a multiplication, gives the original number. The cube root of 8 is 2 since 2³ = 8.

立方根（∛）：一个数与自己相乘三次得到原数的值。8的立方根是2，因为2³ = 8。

Surd: an irrational root that cannot be simplified to a whole number or a fraction, such as √2 or ³√9. Surds are left in root form to preserve exactness.

根式（不尽根）：不能化简为整数或分数的无理根，例如√2或³√9。根式保留根号形式以保持精确。

Rational number: any number that can be expressed as a fraction a/b where a and b are integers and b ≠ 0. Examples include ½, -7, and 0.3 recurring.

有理数：任何可以表示为分数a/b的数，其中a和b为整数且b ≠ 0。例如½、-7和循环小数0.3。

Irrational number: a number that cannot be written as a simple fraction. Its decimal representation never ends or repeats. π and √2 are classic examples.

无理数：不能表示为简单分数的数。它的小数表示永不终止且不循环。π和√2是典型例子。

Significant figures: the digits in a number that carry meaning regarding its precision. For 0.04560, the significant figures are 4, 5, 6, and the final 0.

有效数字：一个数中反映其精度的数字。对于0.04560，有效数字是4、5、6和末尾的0。

Standard form rs in the format a × 10ⁿ, where 1 ≤ a < 10 and n is an integer. Example: 4.7 × 10³ = 4700.

标准形式（科学记数法）：一种表示极大或极小数字的格式a × 10ⁿ，其中1 ≤ a < 10且n为整数。例如：4.7 × 10³ = 4700。

---

广告 / Sponsored

2. Algebraic Expressions | 代数表达式

Variable: a symbol, usually a letter, used to represent an unknown or changing quantity. In 3x + 2, x is the variable.

变量：通常为字母的符号，用于表示未知或变化的量。在3x + 2中，x是变量。

Coefficient: the numerical factor of a term that contains a variable. In 4y, 4 is the coefficient of y.

系数：含有变量的项的数值因数。在4y中，4是y的系数。

Term: a single number, variable, or product of numbers and variables separated by + or - signs. 5x², -3y, and 7 are terms.

项：单个数字、变量或数字与变量的乘积，由+或-号分隔。5x²、-3y和7都是项。

Expression bined using operations (+, -, ×, ÷) but without an equals sign. For example, 2x² - 5x + 3.

表达式：由运算符号（+、-、×、÷）组合而成但不含等号的一系列项。例如2x² - 5x + 3。

Like terms: terms that have exactly the same variable parts raised to the same powers. 3x² and -7x² are like terms, whereas 3x² and 3x are not.

同类项：具有完全相同字母因数和相同指数的项。3x²和-7x²是同类项，而3x²和3x不是。

Expand: to multiply out brackets to write an expression as a sum of terms. Expanding 2(x + 5) gives 2x + 10.

展开：将括号相乘以写出各项之和的表达式。展开2(x + 5)得到2x + 10。

Factorise: the reverse of expanding; writing an expression as a product of its factors. Factorising x² - 9 gives (x + 3)(x - 3).

因式分解：展开的逆运算；将一个表达式写成其因式的乘积。对x² - 9因式分解得到(x + 3)(x - 3)。

Quadratic expression: an algebraic expression where the highest power of the variable is 2, e.g. ax² + bx + c, where a ≠ 0.

二次表达式：变量的最高次幂为2的代数表达式，例如ax² + bx + c，其中a ≠ 0。

Reciprocal: one divided by a number or expression. The reciprocal of 5 is ⅕, and the reciprocal of x is 1/x (x ≠ 0).

倒数：1除以一个数或表达式。5的倒数是⅕，x的倒数是1/x（x ≠ 0）。

Index (power/exponent) t of a base to indicate repeated multiplication. In 4³, 3 is the index, meaning 4 × 4 × 4.

指数（幂）：写在底数右上角的数字，表示重复相乘。在4³中，3是指数，表示4 × 4 × 4。

---

3. Equations & Inequalities | 方程与不等式

Equation atement showing that two expressions are equal, using an equals sign. Example: 2x + 1 = 9.

方程：表明两个表达式相等的数学陈述，使用等号。例如：2x + 1 = 9。

Identity: an equation that is true for all values of the variable, often denoted by the ≡ symbol. For instance, (x + 2)² ≡ x² + 4x + 4.

恒等式：对变量所有取值都成立的方程，常用≡符号表示。例如：(x + 2)² ≡ x² + 4x + 4。

Formula ables, often used to calculate something. A = πr² is the formula for the area of a circle.

公式：表示两个或多个变量之间关系的方程，常用于计算。A = πr²是圆的面积公式。

Published by TutorHao | Year 10 Mathematics Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）