📚 Year 10 WJEC Geography: Key Terminology Quick Memory Guide | WJEC 地理 Year 10 词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the subject-specific vocabulary of WJEC Geography is the first step towards exam success. This guide will take you through essential terms grouped by topic, and for each term you'll find a clear definition together with a quick memory trick to lock it into your long-term memory. By linking words to images, acronyms and little stories, you will build a mental map that makes revision active and enjoyable.
掌握 WJEC 地理的学科专属词汇是考试成功的第一步。本指南将按主题带你梳理核心术语，每个术语不仅有清晰的定义，还配有快速记忆窍门，帮助你将这些词汇牢牢嵌入长期记忆。通过把词语与图像、首字母缩略词和小故事联系起来，你将构建起一张思维地图，让复习变得主动又有趣。
1. Drainage Basin Basics | 流域基础
Drainage basin – the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. It is an open system with inputs, stores, transfers and outputs.
流域 – 由一条河流及其支流排水的土地区域。它是一个拥有输入、储存、转移和输出的开放系统。
Visualise the basin as a giant bathtub; rain is the tap, groundwater is the drain, and the river is the overflow channel that carries water to the sea.
把流域想象成一个巨大的浴缸；降雨是水龙头，地下水是排水口，而河流就是将水输送至大海的溢流通道。
Watershed – the imaginary line that separates one drainage basin from another. It often follows high ground or ridges.
分水岭 – 分隔相邻流域的假想线，通常沿着高地或山脊延伸。
Think of a shed roof: water falling on one side goes to one basin, water on the other side goes to a different basin – the ridge is the watershed.
想象棚屋顶：落在屋顶一侧的水流入一个流域，落在另一侧的流入另一个流域——屋脊就是分水岭。
Source – the point where a river begins, often a spring, marsh or melting glacier in an upland area.
源头 – 河流开始的起点，通常是高地的泉眼、沼泽或融化的冰川。
Link 'source' to 'sauce bottle' – just as sauce pours from the bottle top, the river pours from its source.
将 'source' 联想成酱料瓶——酱料从瓶口流出，河水也从源头涌出。
Mouth – the point where a river enters the sea, a lake or a larger river, often forming an estuary or delta.
河口 – 河流注入海洋、湖泊或更大河流的地点，常形成河口湾或三角洲。
Picture a mouth at the end of a digestive system; the river 'speaks' to the ocean at its mouth.
想象消化系统末端的嘴巴；河流在河口处与海洋“对话”。
Tributary – a smaller river or stream that joins a larger river. Together they increase the drainage basin’s discharge.
支流 – 汇入较大河流的小河或溪流。它们共同增加了流域的流量。
'Tributary' sounds like 'contribute' – it contributes water to the main river, just like a team member contributes ideas.
'Tributary' 听起来像 'contribute'——它向干流贡献水流，就像团队成员贡献想法。
2. River Erosion, Transport and Deposition | 河流的侵蚀、搬运与沉积
Hydraulic action – the force of moving water hitting the bed and banks, compressing air in cracks and breaking rock apart.
水力作用 – 流水冲击河床与河岸的力量，压缩裂缝中的空气并使岩石碎裂。
Remember the word 'hydraulic' like a hydraulic pump – powerful jets of water that can break concrete; the river does the same to rock.
记住 'hydraulic' 就像液压泵——强大的水射流可以破坏混凝土；河流对岩石的作用也是如此。
Abrasion (corrasion) – the scraping of the river bed and banks by sand, pebbles and boulders carried by the river, like sandpaper.
磨蚀 – 河流搬运的砂、卵石和巨砾刮削河床与河岸，就像砂纸打磨一样。
Think of a nail file (abrasion) smoothing rough edges; the river smooths its channel with the load it carries.
想象指甲锉（磨蚀）打磨粗糙边缘；河流用它搬运的负载磨平河床。
Attrition – rocks and pebbles carried by the river collide and break into smaller, smoother pieces.
磨耗 – 河流搬运的岩石和卵石相互碰撞、破碎成更小更光滑的碎块。
'Attrition' sounds like 'attrition warfare' – continuous pounding wears down the enemy; in a river, continuous knocking wears down rocks.
'Attrition' 听起来像消耗战——持续打击削弱敌人；在河流中，连续撞击磨损石块。
Solution (corrosion) – the chemical dissolving of soluble minerals from the bed and banks by slightly acidic river water.
溶蚀 – 微酸性的河水通过化学作用溶解河床和河岸上可溶的矿物。
Think of dissolving an effervescent tablet in water; the river dissolves certain rocks in a similar, slower way.
想象泡腾片在水中溶解；河流以类似但更慢的方式溶解某些岩石。
A mnemonic for the four erosion processes: 'HACS' – Hydraulic action, Abrasion, Attrition, Solution. Just imagine a river using HACS to hack away at the land.
四种侵蚀过程的助记词是 'HACS'：水力作用(H)、磨蚀(A)、磨耗(A)、溶蚀(S)。想象河流用 HACS 砍削着大地。
Transportation – the movement of eroded material downstream. The four types are traction, saltation, suspension and solution.
搬运 – 侵蚀物质向下游的输送。四种类型是推移、跃移、悬移和溶解质搬运。
The mnemonic 'TSSS' can stand for Traction (big boulders rolling), Saltation (small pebbles bouncing), Suspension (fine silt floating) and Solution (dissolved minerals). Think of a river as a 'TSSS' train carrying different cargo.
助记词 'TSSS' 可代表推移(大石滚动)、跃移(小卵石弹跳)、悬移(细粉砂漂浮)和溶解质(矿物溶解)。把河流想象成一列搬运不同货物的 'TSSS' 列车。
Deposition – the laying down of sediment when the river loses energy, e.g. when velocity decreases or water volume drops.
沉积 – 当河流能量减少时，沉积物的沉降过程，例如流速降低或水量减少时。
Deposition happens when the river 'drops its shopping' – just as you might drop heavy bags when you are tired, the river drops its load when it slows down.
沉积发生的时候，就像河流“放下购物袋”——正如你累了就会放下沉重的袋子，河流变慢时就会卸下负载。
3. Coastal Erosion Landforms | 海岸侵蚀地貌
Headland and Bay – a headland is a resistant rock outcrop that juts into the sea; a bay is a curved inlet where softer rock has been eroded faster.
岬角与海湾 – 岬角是突入海中的坚硬岩石露头；海湾是由于较软岩石被更快侵蚀而形成的弯曲凹入处。
Think of a coastline as a bar of
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