📚 Year 10 WJEC Economics: Answering Techniques and Marking Criteria | WJEC 10年级经济：答题技巧与评分标准
Success in WJEC Year 10 Economics is not just about how much you remember. Examiners want to see that you can select and apply the right economic ideas, build chains of reasoning and make balanced judgements. This article explains the mark scheme and shows you how to structure answers for 2-mark definitions, 4-mark data responses and 9-mark evaluate questions.
要在 WJEC 10 年级经济学考试中取得好成绩，光靠记忆还不够。阅卷官希望看到你能选择并运用恰当的经济学概念，建立逻辑推理链并做出均衡的判断。本文详细解读了评分标准，并展示了如何组织 2 分定义题、4 分数据回应题和 9 分评价题的答案结构。
1. Understanding Command Words | 理解指令词
Every question contains a command word that tells you the skill being tested. If you misread 'analyse' as 'define', your answer will miss the required depth, even if the facts are correct. The most common command words in WJEC Economics are listed below.
每道题都包含一个指令词，表明正在考查的技能。如果你把“分析”误当成“定义”，即使事实正确，你的答案也会缺少必要的深度。以下是 WJEC 经济学中最常见的指令词。
| Command Word | What It Means | How to Answer |
|---|---|---|
| Define | Give the precise meaning of a term. | A textbook definition is enough; an example may add clarity but is not required unless the mark scheme asks for one. |
| Describe | Say what something is like or how it works. | Provide characteristics, features, or a step-by-step account, often drawn from a data source. |
| Explain | Give reasons for something or show how and why it happens. | Build a cause-and-effect chain using linking words such as 'therefore', 'because', or 'this leads to'. |
| Analyse | Break down a topic into its components and examine how they relate. | Develop a logical sequence of consequences, often supported by a diagram. Show impacts on different stakeholders. |
| Evaluate | Make a judgement after considering evidence, alternatives and different viewpoints. | Weigh up arguments for and against, consider short-run vs long-run effects, magnitude, and conclude with a justified decision. |
简单来说，“定义”要求精准的术语解释，“解释”需要建立因果链条，而“评价”则必须权衡正反两面并给出有依据的结论。平时练习时，用不同颜色的笔标出指令词，提醒自己所需的答题深度。
2. Structuring Short-Answer Questions | 短答题的结构
For 2-mark questions, the mark scheme often awards one mark for knowledge and one mark for application. A typical question might ask 'Define equilibrium price' (1 mark) and 'Identify the equilibrium price in the diagram above' (1 mark). You must use the data if provided.
对于 2 分题，评分标准通常 1 分给知识，1 分给应用。典型的题目可能会要求“定义均衡价格”（1 分）并“在上图中找出均衡价格”（1 分）。如果提供了数据，你必须加以使用。
Four-mark explain questions require a two-link chain of reasoning. For instance, if asked to 'Explain how an increase in the price of oil affects the market for air travel', you can state that higher oil prices raise jet fuel costs, which shifts the supply curve for flights to the left, leading to a higher ticket price and lower quantity of flights. Each step must be clearly linked.
4 分的解释题需要包含两步推理链。例如，如果要求“解释石油价格上涨如何影响航空旅行市场”，你可以说明：石油价格上涨会提高航空燃料成本，从而使航班供给曲线向左移动，导致机票价格上升、航班数量减少。每一步都要清晰地连接起来。
Never waste time writing an essay for a 2-mark question. One precise definition and one clear application point are all you need.
绝不要为一个 2 分题写长篇大论。只要一个精确的定义和一个清晰的应用要点就足够了。
3. Data Response Techniques | 数据回应技巧
Data response questions test your ability to read charts, tables and extracts. Always quote specific figures or dates from the stimulus. For example, 'Between 2019 and 2021, sales of electric vehicles rose from 150,000 to 320,000 units, an increase of over 110%.' This shows the examiner you have engaged with the evidence.
数据回应题考查你阅读图表、表格和文字材料的能力。一定要引用资料中的具体数字或日期。例如，“2019 年至 2021 年间，电动汽车销量从 15 万辆升至 32 万辆，增幅超过 110%。”这会向阅卷官表明你认真使用了证据。
es index numbers or percentages, calculate the direction and speed of change. Phrases like 'the trend is upward but the rate of growth is slowing' change, use the formula: (New - Old) / Old × 100. Show your working in the answer booklet.
当表格包含指数或百分比时，要计算变化的方向和速度。像“趋势是上升的，但增长速度正在放缓”这样的表述能帮你赢得分析分。如果需要计算百分比变化，可以使用公式：（新值 - 旧值）/ 旧值 × 100。在答题纸上展示你的计算过程。
Don't just describe what you see; use the data to support an economic explanation. If exports fell by 5%, you could link that to a rise in the exchange rate, which makes exports more expensive.
不要仅仅描述你看到的内容；要用数据来支撑经济解释。如果出口下降了 5%，你可以将其与汇率上升联系起来，因为汇率上升会使出口产品更贵。
4. Applying Economic Theory to Context | 将经济理论应用于情境 (AO2)
Application marks are awarded when you connect general economic concepts to the specific case in the question. If the question is about 'the market for rented housing in Cardiff', avoid a generic answer about all housing markets. Mention factors unique to Cardiff, such as a growing student population or local planning restrictions.
当你能将一般经济概念与题目中的具体案例联系起来时，才能拿到应用分。如果题目是关于“卡迪夫的租赁住房市场”，就不要给出关于所有住房市场的泛泛之谈。要提到卡迪夫特有的因素，例如不断增长的学生人口或当地规划限制。
A strong application might go: 'The increase in Cardiff's university student numbers raises demand for rental properties. This is an increase in demand (shift to the right), caused by a change in population, which is a non-price determinant of demand.' Note how the determinant is named explicitly.
一个出色的应用可以这样写：“卡迪夫大学生人数的增加提升了对租赁房产的需求。这是由人口变化引起的需求增加（需求曲线右移），而人口是需求的非价格决定因素。”请注意，这里明确点出了决定因素。
Always ask yourself: 'What in the case study changes a determinant?' For supply, think about costs of production, indirect taxes, subsidies, technology or the number of firms. For demand, think about income, tastes, prices of substitutes and complements, population or advertising.
始终问自己：“案例中是什么改变了一个决定因素？”对于供给，要考虑生产成本、间接税、补贴、技术或企业数量。对于需求，则要考虑收入、品味、替代品和互补品的价格、人口或广告。
5. Developing a Chain of Analysis | 展开分析链 (AO3)
Analysis means following a sequence of cause and effect. A common pitfall is stating an outcome without showing the intermediate steps. For example, saying 'higher income tax reduces spending' is too shallow. A full chain reads: 'An increase in income tax reduces workers' disposable income. As a result, households have less money to spend on normal goods, which decreases consumption. This fall in consumption reduces aggregate demand, leading to lower GDP growth, ceteris paribus.'
分析意味着遵循因果序列。一个常见陷阱是只陈述结果而不展示中间步骤。例如，“提高所得税会减少支出”就太浅了。完整的推理链是：“提高所得税会减少工人的可支配收入。因此，家庭用于正常商品的钱变少了，消费下降。消费的下降减少了总需求，在其他条件不变的情况下导致 GDP 增长放缓。”
Use connective words to make your chain visible: 'leads to', 'consequently', 'this might then cause', 'the next effect could be'. You can strengthen analysis by bringing in related concepts. In the tax example, you might add: 'The size of the fall in spending depends on the marginal propensity to consume. If the MPC is high, the drop in GDP will be larger through the multiplier effect.'
使用连接词让你的推理链清晰可见：“导致”、“因此”、“这可能进而引起”、“下一个效应可能是”。你可以通过引入相关概念来加强分析。在税收的例子中，你可以补充：“支出下降的幅度取决于边际消费倾向。如果 MPC 较高，通过乘数效应 GDP 的下降会更大。”
Diagrams can act as a visual analysis tool. Even without a graph sketch, referring to a shift in a curve and its impact on price and quantity shows deductive reasoning. Practice writing out chains for core topics like interest rate changes, subsidies and externalities.
图表可以作为可视化分析工具。即使不画图，提到曲线的移动及其对价格和数量的影响也能展现演绎推理能力。针对利率变化、补贴和外部性等核心主题，多练习写出完整的推理链。
6. Mastering Evaluation (AO4) – The 9-Mark Question | 掌握评价 (AO4) – 9分评价题
The 9-mark evaluate question is where top grades are decided. You must provide a balanced argument and a well-supported judgement. Begin by defining key terms, then present the positive arguments, followed by the limitations or counterarguments, and finally a conclusion that answers the question directly.
9 分的评价题是决定高分的关键。你必须提供均衡的论点以及有充分依据的判断。首先定义关键术语，然后陈述正面论点，接着说明局限性或反驳观点，最后给出直接回答问题的结论。
For example, 'Evaluate the effectiveness of a sugar tax in reducing obesity in the UK.' On one hand, a sugar tax raises the cost of production for sugary drinks, shifting supply left and raising the market price. If demand is relatively elastic, the quantity consumed falls significantly, reducing calorie intake.
例如，“评价英国对含糖饮料征税以减少肥胖的有效性”。一方面，糖税提高了含糖饮料的生产成本，使供给曲线左移、市场价格上升。如果需求相对有弹性，消费量将大幅下降，从而减少卡路里摄入。
On
Published by TutorHao | Year 10 Economics Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图