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Year 10 WJEC Chemistry: Case Study Practice in Action | WJEC 化学 Year 10 案例分析实战演练

2026-07-19 15:33 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Year 10 WJEC Chemistry: Case Study Practice in Action | WJEC 化学 Year 10 案例分析实战演练

Real exam questions often present a scenario that combines several Year 10 WJEC Chemistry topics. This case study demonstration walks you through the industrial recovery of copper from waste printed circuit boards. You will revise key concepts such as acid-base reactions, electrolysis, ion tests, stoichiometry, and green chemistry, all while modelling the precise step-by-step analysis expected in high-mark questions.

真实的考试题目常会给出一个综合多个 WJEC Year 10 化学主题的情境。本案例示范将带领你走完从废弃印刷电路板中回收铜的工业流程。你将复习酸碱反应、电解、离子检验、化学计算和绿色化学等核心概念，同时以逐步骤的分析模式，模拟高分答案所需的精准思路。

1. Introduction to the Case Study | 案例研究介绍

This case study revolves around the recovery of copper from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). When old electronics are heated in air, copper metal reacts with oxygen to form black copper(II) oxide, CuO. The challenge is to convert this oxide back into pure copper using chemical and electrochemical steps. The process mirrors real-life e-waste recycling and gives you an opportunity to demonstrate understanding of reactivity, soluble salt preparation, electrolysis, and quantitative analysis.

本案例围绕从废弃印刷电路板 (PCB) 中回收铜展开。当废旧电子设备在空气中加热时，铜与氧气反应，生成黑色氧化铜 CuO。核心任务是通过化学和电化学步骤将氧化铜重新转化为纯铜。这一流程模拟了真实的电子废弃物回收过程，让你有机会展示关于反应活性、可溶盐制备、电解以及定量分析的理解。

The scenario can be broken down into three main stages: dissolving CuO in sulfuric acid, purifying the resulting copper(II) sulfate via crystallisation, and using electrolysis to obtain pure copper metal. Each stage requires careful observation of colour changes, gas tests, and quantitative measurements that WJEC examiners expect you to link back to the underlying theory.

该情境可分解为三个主要阶段：用硫酸溶解氧化铜、通过结晶提纯生成的硫酸铜、再利用电解获得纯铜金属。每一阶段都需要仔细观察颜色变化、气体检测和定量测量，WJEC 考官期望你将这些现象与背后的理论联系起来。

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2. Stage 1: Dissolving Copper Oxide with Sulfuric Acid | 第一阶段：用硫酸溶解氧化铜

When black copper(II) oxide powder is added to warm dilute sulfuric acid, a neutralisation reaction takes place between the insoluble base and the acid. The CuO gradually dissolves, producing a clear, bright blue solution of copper(II) sulfate and water. This is a classic acid-base reaction, with no gas evolved under normal conditions.

当黑色氧化铜粉末加入温热稀硫酸时，不溶性碱与酸之间发生中和反应。CuO 逐渐溶解，生成清澈明亮的蓝色硫酸铜溶液和水。这是一个典型的酸碱反应，正常情况下无气体产生。

CuO(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) → CuSO₄(aq) + H₂O(l)

Safety is essential: always add the acid to the solid slowly while stirring, and wear goggles because sulfuric acid is corrosive. Warming the mixture speeds up the reaction and ensures complete dissolution, but boiling must be avoided to reduce spray hazards and the risk of decomposition.

安全至关重要：务必缓慢将酸加入固体中并持续搅拌，同时佩戴护目镜，因为硫酸具有腐蚀性。加热混合物可加速反应并确保完全溶解，但必须避免沸腾，以减少喷溅危险和分解风险。

3. Stage 2: Filtering and Crystallisation | 第二阶段：过滤与结晶

After the reaction, the hot mixture often contains unreacted glass fibres and other insoluble residues from the circuit boards. Filtration while the solution is still hot removes these impurities quickly and prevents early crystallisation on the filter paper. The clear blue filtrate contains copper(II) sulfate and any excess acid.

反应后，热的混合物通常含有未反应的玻璃纤维及其他来自电路板的不溶性残渣。趁热过滤能快速去除这些杂质，并防止在滤纸上过早析出晶体。清澈的蓝色滤液含有硫酸铜和可能存在的过量酸。

To obtain crystals, the filtrate is heated in an evaporating dish to concentrate it, then left to cool slowly. Hydrated copper(II) sulfate crystals, CuSO₄·5H₂O, appear as well-formed blue triclinic solids. These crystals are collected by a second filtration, washed with a little cold distilled water, and dried between sheets of filter paper.

为获得晶体，将滤液在蒸发皿中加热浓缩，然后缓慢冷却。五水硫酸铜晶体 CuSO₄·5H₂O 以形状完好的蓝色三斜固体出现。用第二次过滤收集晶体，用少量冷蒸馏水洗涤，并在滤纸之间干燥。