Year 9 CAIE Philosophy: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick-Memorisation Guide | Year 9 CAIE 哲学：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 9 CAIE Philosophy: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick-Memorisation Guide | Year 9 CAIE 哲学：词汇术语速记指南

Philosophy can feel like a foreign language at first—full of complex terms like 'epistemology', 'utilitarianism', and 'categorical imperative'. But just like learning any vocabulary, breaking these words down into roots, stories, and patterns makes them stick. This guide is designed for Year 9 CAIE Philosophy students to rapidly memorise essential terminology. We will explore definitions, memory tricks, and how these concepts connect to the big questions you will encounter in your course. Let's turn confusion into clarity, one term at a time.

哲学最初就像一门陌生语言——充斥着 "认识论"、"功利主义" 和 "绝对命令" 等复杂术语。但和学习任何词汇一样，把这些词拆解为词根、故事和模式，就能牢牢记住。本指南专为Year 9 CAIE哲学学生设计，帮助你快速记忆核心术语。我们将探究定义、记忆诀窍，以及这些概念如何与你课程中将遇到的大问题联系起来。让我们一起，逐个术语，化困惑为清晰。

1. Branches of Philosophy: A Quick Map | 哲学分支：快速导图

Before diving into individual terms, it is helpful to see the big picture. Philosophy is traditionally divided into several branches, each asking a fundamental type of question. Visualising these branches as a tree can help you categorise any new term you encounter. The main branches include Metaphysics (What is real?), Epistemology (How do we know?), Ethics (How should we live?), Logic (What makes a good argument?), and Aesthetics (What is beauty?). For Year 9 CAIE, you'll focus mostly on the first four.

在深入单个术语之前，先看清全局会很有帮助。哲学传统上分为几个分支，每个分支问一类根本性问题。把这些分支想象成一棵树，有助于你对遇到的任何新术语进行分类。主要分支包括形而上学（什么是真实？）、认识论（我们如何知道？）、伦理学（我们应如何生活？）、逻辑学（好论证由什么构成？）和美学（什么是美？）。对于Year 9 CAIE，你主要关注前四个。

A handy mnemonic to remember the five branches is 'MEELA': Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Logic, Aesthetics. Think of a friendly character named 'Meela' who loves asking deep questions. Every time you hear a new philosophic word, ask yourself which branch My Meela would place it in.

一个记住这五个分支的顺口溜是 "MEELA"：形而上学（Metaphysics）、认识论（Epistemology）、伦理学（Ethics）、逻辑学（Logic）、美学（Aesthetics）。想象一个爱问深刻问题的友善角色叫 "米拉"。每当你听到一个新的哲学词汇，问问自己米拉会把它放到哪个分支。

Refer to the table below for a quick summary with memory hooks. Each branch carries a core question that acts like a compass.

请参考下表，附记忆钩子的快速总结。每个分支都带有一个核心问题，就像指南针。

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2. Epistemology: How We Know | 认识论：我们如何知道

Epistemology is the theory of knowledge. Key terms include 'a priori' (knowledge independent of experience, like 2+2=4), 'a posteriori' (knowledge dependent on experience, like 'The sun rises in the east'), 'empiricism' (the view that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience), and 'rationalism' he view that reason is the primary source of knowledge). For CAIE, you must also recognise 'scepticism'—the questioning attitude that challenges whether knowledge is possible.

认识论是关于知识的理论。关键术语包括 "先天"（独立于经验的知识，如2+2=4）、"后天"（依赖经验的知识，如 "太阳从东方升起"）、"经验主义"（认为知识主要来自感官经验）和 "理性主义"（认为理性是知识的主要来源）。对于CAIE，你还必须识别 "怀疑论"——那种挑战知识是否可能的质疑态度。

To distinguish a priori and a posteriori, remember: 'a priori' has 'prior' inside, meaning it is prior to any experience. 'A posteriori' sounds like 'post', meaning it comes after experience. Picture a baby: she knows 1+1=2 a priori? No, that's rationalist hype—but you get the point; maths truths are often used as examples of a priori.

为了区分先天和后天，记住："a priori" 里面有 "prior"（在...之前），意思是先于任何经验。"a posteriori" 听起来像 "post"（之后），意思是在经验之后获得。想象一个婴儿：她天生就知道1+1=2吗？不是这样的，但数学真理常被用作先天知识的例子。

Check the table below and use the visual associations to lock the terms into your long-term memory.

查看下表，使用视觉关联将这些术语锁定在你的长期记忆中。

3. Metaphysics: The Nature of Reality | 形而上学：实在的本质

Metaphysics investigates the fundamental nature of being and the world. Essential vocabulary includes 'ontology' (the study of being), 'dualism' (the view that reality consists of two distinct substances, often mind and body), 'materialism' (the belief that only physical matter exists), 'idealism' (the belief that reality is fundamentally mental), and 'causation' (the relationship between cause and effect). You will also bump into 'free will' and 'determinism' in this branch.

形而上学探究存在与世界的根本性质。基本词汇包括 "本体论"（研究存在的学问）、"二元论"（认为实在由两种不同实体构成，通常是心灵与身体）、"唯物主义"（相信只有物质存在）、"唯心主义"（相信实在根本上是精神的）和 "因果关系"。你在这一分支还会遇到 "自由意志" 和 "决定论"。

To lock in 'dualism', picture a mirror reflecting two halves: mind on one side, body on the other. For 'materialism', think of a heavy material brick—nothing else exists. For 'idealism', imagine an idea bubble containing the whole world. These concrete images prevent fuzzy recall during exams.

为了牢记 "二元论"，想象一面镜子映出两半：一边是心灵，一边是身体。对于 "唯物主义"，想象一块沉重的物质砖块——别无他物存在。对于 "唯心主义"，想象一个观念气泡包裹着整个世界。这些具体图像能防止考试时记忆模糊。

Term	中文	Core Idea	Quick Visual
Ontology	本体论	Study of what exists	"Onto-" sounds like "onto" a list of things that exist.
Dualism	二元论	Two kinds of substance	Two gears, mind and body, interlocking.
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