← 返回资讯屏轩教育 · 行业资讯

Year 9 CAIE Spanish: Core Knowledge Review | Year 9 CAIE 西班牙语:核心知识点梳理

2026-07-19 14:07 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Year 9 CAIE Spanish: Core Knowledge Review | Year 9 CAIE 西班牙语:核心知识点梳理

This article provides a comprehensive review of the essential Spanish language topics for Year 9 students following the CAIE curriculum. It covers fundamental grammar, key vocabulary, and sentence structures that form the backbone of early Spanish learning. Each section is presented in a bilingual format to support learners in building both their language skills and academic confidence.

这篇文章全面梳理了遵循CAIE课程的Year 9学生需要掌握的西班牙语核心知识点,涵盖基础语法、重点词汇和句型结构。每部分采用双语对照讲解,帮助学习者在提升语言能力的同时增强学术自信。

1. Greetings and Introductions | 问候与自我介绍

In Year 9, students must confidently use formal and informal greetings. 'Hola, ¿cómo estás?' is informal, while 'Buenos días, ¿cómo está usted?' is formal. Self-introduction includes phrases like 'Me llamo...' (My name is...) and 'Soy de...' (I am from...).

Year 9 学生需要熟练使用正式与非正式问候语。“Hola, ¿cómo estás?”属于非正式表达,而“Buenos días, ¿cómo está usted?”则为正式问候。自我介绍包括“Me llamo...”(我叫……)和“Soy de...”(我来自……)等短语。

Always match the level of formality to the situation. Using 'tú' with friends and 'usted' with teachers or strangers.

始终根据场合选择正式程度:对朋友用“tú”,对老师或陌生人用“usted”。


2. The Verbs Ser and Estar | 动词 Ser 与 Estar

Both 'ser' and 'estar' mean 'to be', but they are used differently. 'Ser' describes permanent characteristics, origin, time, and profession. 'Estar' is for temporary states, locations, and conditions.

“Ser”和“estar”都表示“是”,但用法不同。“Ser”用于描述永久特征、籍贯、时间和职业;“estar”用于暂时状态、位置和状况。

Ser (Permanent)Estar (Temporary)
Soy alto. (I am tall.)Estoy alegre. (I am happy.)
Es de España. (He is from Spain.)Está en la cocina. (He is in the kitchen.)
Son las tres. (It is three o'clock.)Estamos cansados. (We are tired.)

A common mistake is using 'ser' for location. Always use 'estar' to say where something or someone is located.

常见错误是用“ser”表示位置。记住,表示人或物所在位置时一定要用“estar”。


3. Present Tense Regular Verbs | 现在时规则动词变位

Spanish verbs are grouped into -ar, -er, and -ir endings. Regular conjugation in the present tense follows predictable patterns. For example, 'hablar' (to speak) becomes yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella habla, nosotros hablamos, vosotros habláis, ellos hablan.

西班牙语动词按词尾分为 -ar、-er、-ir 三类。现在时规则变位有规律可循。例如“hablar”(说)的变位为:yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella habla, nosotros hablamos, vosotros habláis, ellos hablan。

Students must memorise these endings early, as they are used in a huge number of everyday sentences.

学生需要尽早熟记这些词尾,因为它们在大量日常句子中都会用到。


4. Definite and Indefinite Articles | 定冠词与不定冠词

Articles in Spanish must agree in gender and number with the noun. Definite articles: el (masculine singular), la (feminine singular), los (masculine plural), las (feminine plural). Indefinite articles: un, una, unos, unas.

西班牙语中的冠词必须与名词在性和数上保持一致。定冠词:el(阳性单数),la(阴性单数),los(阳性复数),las(阴性复数)。不定冠词:un, una, unos, unas。

Examples: el libro (the book), la mesa (the table), unos perros (some dogs), unas chicas (some girls). Note that 'un' and 'una' also mean 'a' or 'an'.

例子:el libro(那本书),la mesa(那张桌子),unos perros(一些狗),unas chicas(一些女孩)。注意,“un”和“una”也可表示“一个”。


5. Adjective Agreement | 形容词的性与数一致

In Spanish, adjectives change their endings to match the noun they describe. Most masculine adjectives end in -o, and feminine in -a. For plural, add -s or -es.

西班牙语形容词需要根据所修饰的名词改变词尾。大多数阳性形容词以 -o 结尾,阴性以 -a 结尾。复数形式一般加 -s 或 -es。

Adjectives of nationality ending in a consonant add -a for feminine: español → española. This agreement is a key grammar point in Year 9 exams.

以辅音结尾的国籍形容词,阴性加 -a:español → española。形容词一致是Year 9考试的语法重点。


6. Everyday Vocabulary: Family and School | 日常词汇:家庭与学校

Core vocabulary topics include family members and school subjects. Family: madre, padre, hermano, hermana, abuelo, tío, primo. School: la clase, el profesor, el alumno, las matemáticas, la historia, el inglés.

核心词汇主题包括家庭成员和学校科目。家庭:madre(母亲),padre(父亲),hermano(兄弟),hermana(姐妹),abuelo(祖父),tío(叔叔),primo(表兄弟)。学校:la clase(教室/班级),el profesor(老师),el alumno(学生),las matemáticas(数学),la historia(历史),el inglés(英语)。

Students should be able to say what subjects they study: 'Estudio ciencias y español.' Also describe their family: 'Tengo dos hermanos y una prima.'

学生应能够表达自己所学科目,例如:“Estudio ciencias y español.”(我学习科学和西班牙语。)也能描述家庭:“Tengo dos hermanos y una prima.”(我有两个兄弟和一个表妹。)


广告 / Sponsored

7. Expressing Likes and Dislikes | 表达喜好

The verb 'gustar' is used to express likes, but it works differently from English. It literally means 'to be pleasing'. So 'Me gusta el fútbol' means 'Football is pleasing to me' (I like football). If the liked thing is plural, use 'gustan': 'Me gustan los perros.'

动词“gustar”用来表达喜好,但用法与英语不同,其字面意思是“使……喜欢”。所以“Me gusta el fútbol”字面意思是“足球使我喜欢”(我喜欢足球)。如果喜欢的事物是复数,则用“gustan”:“Me gustan los perros.”(我喜欢狗。)

Use indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, os, les) before 'gustar'. This structure frequently appears in reading and writing tasks.

在“gustar”前使用间接宾语代词(me, te, le, nos, os, les)。这个结构在阅读和写作任务中经常出现。


8. Questions and Question Words | 疑问句与疑问词

Forming questions in Spanish is straightforward. Often, you just change intonation: 'Tú hablas español' → '¿Tú hablas español?' Question words always carry an accent: ¿Qué? (What?), ¿Quién? (Who?), ¿Dónde? (Where?), ¿Cuándo? (When?), ¿Por qué? (Why?), ¿Cómo? (How?), ¿Cuál? (Which?).

西班牙语的疑问句构成很简单。通常只需改变语调:“Tú hablas español” → “¿Tú hablas español?”。疑问词都带重音符号:¿Qué?(什么?),¿Quién?(谁?),¿Dónde?(哪里?),¿Cuándo?(什么时候?),¿Por qué?(为什么?),¿Cómo?(怎么?),¿Cuál?(哪个?)。

Example: '¿Dónde vives?' (Where do you live?) — 'Vivo en Londres.' The inverted question mark (¿) at the beginning is mandatory in written Spanish.

示例:“¿Dónde vives?”(你住在哪里?)——“Vivo en Londres.”。书写时句首的倒问号(¿)是必须的。


9. Numbers, Dates, and Time | 数字、日期和时间

Numbers 0–100 are essential. Key patterns: 11–15 (once, doce, trece, catorce, quince), 16–19 (dieciséis, etc.), 20–29 (veinte, veintiuno...), 30 (treinta), 40 (cuarenta), etc. Dates: 'el cinco de mayo' (the 5th of May). Days: lunes, martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo.

数字0–100是基础。关键模式:11–15 (once, doce, trece, catorce, quince),16–19 (dieciséis 等),20–29 (veinte, veintiuno...),30 (treinta),40 (cuarenta) 等。日期:“el cinco de mayo”(五月五日)。星期:星期一 lunes,星期二 martes,星期三 miércoles,星期四 jueves,星期五 viernes,星期六 sábado,星期日 domingo。

Telling time: 'Son las dos y media' (It's 2:30). 'Es la una en punto' (It's 1:00 exactly). Quarter past: 'y cuarto'; quarter to: 'menos cuarto'.

表达时间:“Son las dos y media.”(现在是两点半。)“Es la una en punto.”(现在是一点整。)一刻钟:“y cuarto”;差一刻钟:“menos cuarto”。


10. Near Future Tense (ir + a + infinitive) | 最近将来时 (ir + a + 原形动词)

The most common way to talk about future plans is 'ir a + infinitive'. It's like 'going to' in English. Conjugate the verb 'ir' (voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van) and add 'a' plus the dictionary form of the verb.

谈论未来计划最常用的结构是“ir a + 动词原形”,相当于英语的“going to”。变化动词“ir”(voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van),然后加上“a”和动词原形。

Example: 'Voy a estudiar español esta noche' (I am going to study Spanish tonight). '¿Vas a ir a la fiesta?' (Are you going to go to the party?). This tense is highly examinable in Year 9.

示例:“Voy a estudiar español esta noche.”(今晚我要学西班牙语。)“¿Vas a ir a la fiesta?”(你要去派对吗?)这个时态在Year 9考试中极常出现。


11. Prepositions of Place | 地点介词

Prepositions help describe where things are. Common ones: en (in, on), sobre (on top of), debajo de (under), al lado de (next to), delante de (in front of), detrás de (behind), entre (between), a la derecha/izquierda (on the right/left).

地点介词用于描述事物在哪里。常见介词:en(在……里/上),sobre(在……上面),debajo de(在……下面),al lado de(在……旁边),delante de(在……前面),detrás de(在……后面),entre(在……之间),a la derecha/izquierda(在右边/左边)。

Combine with 'estar' to give locations: 'El gato está debajo de la mesa.' (The cat is under the table.) 'La biblioteca está al lado del parque.' (The library is next to the park.)

与“estar”搭配表示位置:“El gato está debajo de la mesa.”(猫在桌子下面。)“La biblioteca está al lado del parque.”(图书馆在公园旁边。)


12. Common Irregular Verbs in the Present | 常见现在时不规则动词

Several high-frequency verbs are irregular in the present tense and must be memorised. 'Tener' (to have): tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen. 'Ir' (to go): voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van. 'Hacer' (to do/make): hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen.

有几个高频动词在现在时中是不规则的,必须强化记忆。“Tener”(有):tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen。“Ir”(去):voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van。“Hacer”(做):hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hacéis, hacen。

Other important irregulars: 'venir' (vengo), 'decir' (digo), 'saber' (sé), 'salir' (salgo). Using these correctly will improve writing and speaking scores.

其他重要不规则动词:venir (vengo), decir (digo), saber (sé), salir (salgo)。正确使用这些动词能显著提高写作和口语成绩。


Published by TutorHao | CAIE Spanish Revision Series | aleveler.com

广告 / Sponsored
隆视键盘膜适用于AOC GKM100N机械键盘保护膜台式机电脑按键防尘罩硅胶防水套凹凸垫键位全覆盖配件
学习备考用品 · 正版现货 · 学习备考通用
查看详情 / View on Taobao参考价 ¥16.8
广告 / Sponsored
隆视键盘膜适用于前行者GS98 MT98机械键盘保护膜台式机电脑保护罩按键防尘防水套凹凸垫键位全覆盖配件
学习备考用品 · 正版现货 · 学习备考通用
查看详情 / View on Taobao参考价 ¥16.8

更多咨询请联系16621398022(同微信)

备考资讯每日更新,关注不错过
考纲变化 · 科目分析 · 学习方法
扫码关注公众号 tutorhao
在微信里长按二维码识别关注
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图
公众号:tutorhao