📚 Year 9 CAIE Mathematics: Key Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 9 CAIE 数学:词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the terminology in Year 9 CAIE Mathematics is crucial for understanding concepts and solving problems. This guide provides quick, clear definitions for essential terms, helping you memorise them effectively and build a strong foundation for IGCSE.
掌握 Year 9 CAIE 数学的术语对于理解概念和解决问题至关重要。本指南提供了基本术语的快速、清晰定义,帮助您有效地记忆,并为 IGCSE 打下坚实基础。
1. Number Types and Place Value | 数的类型与位值
Let's review the key terms used to classify numbers and describe their position values.
让我们回顾一下用于对数字进行分类和描述其位值的核心术语。
Integer: A whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero, such as –5, 0, 4.
整数: 可以是正数、负数或零的整数,例如 –5, 0, 4。
Prime number: A number greater than 1 that has exactly two factors: 1 and itself. Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.
质数(素数): 大于 1 且只有两个因数(1 和自身)的数。例如:2, 3, 5, 7, 11。
Square number: The result of multiplying an integer by itself. E.g. 4² = 16, 5² = 25.
平方数: 一个整数自乘的结果。例如 4² = 16, 5² = 25。
Cube number: The result of raising a number to the power of 3. E.g. 2³ = 8, 3³ = 27.
立方数: 一个数的 3 次方结果。例如 2³ = 8, 3³ = 27。
Place value: The value of a digit based on its position in a number. In 345, the '3' is in the hundreds place, worth 300.
位值: 一个数字根据其在数中位置所代表的值。在 345 中,“3”在百位,值为 300。
Standard form: ay of writing very large or very small numbers using powers of ten, e.g. 4.2 × 10³ = 4200.
标准形式(科学记数法): 一种使用 10 的幂来书写非常大或小数字的方法,例如 4.2 × 10³ = 4200。
2. Operations and Properties | 运算与性质
These terms describe how we handle calculations and the behaviour of numbers under different operations.
这些术语描述了我们处理计算的方式以及数字在不同运算下的行为。
BIDMAS / BODMAS: The order of operations: Brackets, Indices, Division and Multiplication (left to right), Addition and Subtraction (left to right).
运算顺序(BIDMAS/BODMAS): 括号、指数、除法和乘法(从左到右)、加法和减法(从左到右)。
Commutative: er : An operation where changing the order does not change the result. Addition and multiplication are commutative: a + b = b + a.
交换律: 改变运算顺序结果不变的运算。加法和乘法满足交换律:a + b = b + a。
Factor: A whole number that divides exactly into another number. The factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.
因数: 能整除另一个数的整数。12 的因数有 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12。
Multiple: The product of a number and any integer. Multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, …
倍数: 一个数与任何整数的乘积。5 的倍数有 5, 10, 15, 20, …
LCM (Lowest Common Multiple): The smallest number that is a multiple of two or more given numbers. LCM of 4 and 6 is 12.
最小公倍数 (LCM): 是两个或多个数共有的倍数中最小的一个。4 和 6 的 LCM 是 12。
HCF (Highest Common Factor): The largest number that is a factor of two or more numbers. HCF of 12 and 18 is 6.
最大公因数 (HCF): 是两个或多个数共有的因数中最大的一个。12 和 18 的 HCF 是 6。
3. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages | 分数、小数与百分数
Understanding the language of parts of a whole is essential for proportional reasoning.
理解表示整体一部分的术语对于比例推理至关重要。
Numerator / Denominator: In a fraction a/b, a is the numerator (top) and b is the denominator (bottom). The denominator tells how many equal parts the whole is split into.
分子/分母: 在分数 a/b 中,a 是分子(上),b 是分母(下)。分母表示整体被分成多少等份。
Equivalent fractions: Fractions that represent the same value, e.g. 1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6.
等值分数: 表示相同值的分数,例如 1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6。
Decimal: A number written in the base‑10 system with a decimal point separating the whole part from the fractional part. 0.75 means 75 hundredths.
小数: 使用十进制书写,小数点将整数部分和小数部分分隔开。0.75 表示 75 百分之一。
Percentage: A fraction with denominator 100, denoted by %. 25% means 25 out of 100, equal to 0.25.
百分数(百分比): 分母为 100 的分数,用 % 表示。25% 表示 100 份中的 25 份,等于 0.25。
Mixed number: A number consisting of a whole part and a fractional part, e.g. 2 1/3.
带分数: 由整数部分和分数部分组成的数,例如 2 1/3。
4. Ratio and Proportion | 比与比例
These terms help us compare quantities and scale relationships.
这些术语帮助我们比较数量和分析比例关系。
Ratio: A comparison of two or more quantities showing relative size, written as a:b. E.g. the ratio of boys to girls is 3:2.
比: 两个或多个量的大小比较,写成 a:b。例如男生与女生的比值是 3:2。
Proportion: A statement that two ratios are equal. In direct proportion, as one quantity doubles the other doubles too.
比例: 表示两个比相等的数学表述。在正比例中,一个量加倍,另一个量也加倍。
Scale factor: The multiplier used to enlarge or reduce a shape or quantity. A scale factor of 2 means the dimensions are doubled.
比例因子(缩放因子): 用于放大或缩小形状或数量的乘数。比例因子为 2 表示尺寸加倍。
Unitary method: Finding the value of one unit first, then scaling to find the required value.
归一法: 先求出一个单位的值,然后缩放以得到所需值的方法。
5. Algebraic Expressions and Simplification | 代数表达式与简化
Algebra uses letters to represent unknowns or variables. Here is the essential vocabulary.
代数使用字母表示未知数或变量。以下是核心词汇。
Variable: A symbol, often a letter, that represents a number whose value may change or is unknown. In 3x + 2, x is the variable.
变量: 通常是一个字母,代表一个数值可能变化或未知的数。在 3x + 2 中,x 是变量。
Coefficient: The number multiplying a variable. In 5y, 5 is the coefficient of y.
系数: 乘以变量的数。在 5y 中,
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