📚 Year 9 WJEC Sociology: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Guide | Year 9 WJEC 社会学：词汇术语速记指南
In Year 9 Sociology, building a strong vocabulary is the first step to understanding how society works. This guide provides clear definitions of key terms you will encounter in the WJEC specification, paired with Chinese translations to support bilingual learners.
在九年级社会学中，建立扎实的词汇基础是理解社会运作的第一步。本指南为你提供 WJEC 课程大纲中会遇到的术语的清晰定义，并附上中文翻译，以支持双语学习者。
1. What is Sociology? | 什么是社会学？
Sociology is the systematic study of human society, social relationships, and social institutions. Sociologists investigate how societies are organised and how they change over time.
社会学是对人类社会、社会关系和社会制度的系统研究。社会学家研究社会是如何组织的，以及它们如何随着时间的推移而变化。
Society refers to a group of people who share a common culture, territory, and identity. Members of a society interact with each other and follow shared norms and values.
社会是指共享共同文化、领土和身份的一群人。社会成员相互交流，遵循共有的规范与价值观。
Culture is the whole way of life of a particular group, including their language, beliefs, customs, and material objects. It gives members a sense of belonging and distinguishes one society from another.
文化是某个群体的全部生活方式，包括他们的语言、信仰、习俗和物质物品。它赋予成员归属感，并将一个社会与另一个社会区分开来。
2. Socialisation | 社会化
Socialisation is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms, values, and roles of their society. It shapes our personality and behaviour from infancy to old age.
社会化是个体学习其社会规范、价值观和角色的终身过程。它从婴儿期到老年塑造着我们的个性和行为。
Primary socialisation takes place in early childhood, mainly within the family. Children learn basic language, norms, and values from parents and close relatives.
初级社会化发生在幼儿期，主要在家庭中进行。儿童从父母和近亲那里学习基本的语言、规范和价值观。
Secondary socialisation occurs later in childhood and continues throughout life. Schools, peer groups, workplaces, and the media teach more specific norms and skills.
次级社会化发生在儿童后期并贯穿整个人生。学校、同伴群体、工作场所和媒体传授更具体的规范和技能。
Agents of socialisation are the individuals, groups, and institutions that carry out socialisation. The main agents are the family, education, peer group, and mass media.
社会化媒介是执行社会化的个人、群体和机构。主要媒介包括家庭、教育、同伴群体和大众传媒。
Family: the primary social group made up of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption. It is responsible for raising children and transmitting basic norms and emotional support.
家庭：由血缘、婚姻或收养关系联结而成的初级社会群体。它负责抚养孩子、传递基本规范和提供情感支持。
Education / School: a formal institution that transmits knowledge and skills, while also teaching norms such as punctuality, obedience, and competition.
教育 / 学校：一个传递知识与技能的正式机构，同时也教授守时、服从
Published by TutorHao | Year 9 社会学 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图