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Year 9 WJEC French: Grammar & Structures Revision Guide | WJEC 九年级法语:语法结构速查手册

2026-07-19 01:14 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Year 9 WJEC French: Grammar & Structures Revision Guide | WJEC 九年级法语:语法结构速查手册

This is your go-to reference sheet for mastering the fundamental building blocks of Year 9 WJEC French. Think of these grammar rules as versatile 'formulas' you can apply to construct accurate sentences across any topic, from family and hobbies to school and holidays. Each core structure is presented in a clear, template format, enabling you to plug in your own vocabulary and communicate with growing confidence.

这份速查手册是你掌握 WJEC 九年级法语基础核心的必备资料。你可以把这些语法规则想象成万能的“公式”,无论话题是家庭、爱好、学校还是假期,你都能运用它们来构建准确的句子。每一个核心结构都以清晰的模板形式呈现,让你能代入自己的词汇,从而越来越自信地进行表达。


1. Nouns & Articles: The Foundation Blocks | 名词与冠词:基石

Every French noun has a gender (masculine or feminine) and a number (singular or plural). The definite article (the) is le (m), la (f), l' (before a vowel or silent 'h'), and les (plural). The indefinite article (a/an/some) is un (m), une (f), and des (plural). Always learn the article as part of the noun to memorise its gender.

每个法语名词都有性(阳性或阴性)和数(单数或复数)。定冠词(相当于英语的 the)是 le(阳)、la(阴)、l'(用于元音或不发音的'h'前)和 les(复数)。不定冠词(相当于英语的 a/an/some)是 un(阳)、une(阴)和 des(复数)。请务必将冠词和名词作为整体记忆,以便掌握其性别。

Gender/NumberDefinite (the)Indefinite (a/an/some)Example
Masculine Singularleunle chat, un stylo
Feminine Singularlaunela maison, une règle
Singular before vowell'un/unel'école, l'hôpital
Plurallesdesles livres, des chaises

Formula: [Article] + [Noun]


2. Adjectives: The Agreement Formula | 形容词:性数配合公式

The basic rule is that most adjectives change their form to agree with the noun they describe. As a core formula, you add an '-e' for the feminine singular, an '-s' for the masculine plural, and '-es' for the feminine plural. However, many common adjectives are irregular and must be learned by heart, such as beau/belle, bon/bonne, and blanc/blanche.

基本规则是,大多数形容词都要改变词形,以与它们所修饰的名词保持性数一致。作为一个核心公式,你需要在阴性单数后加 '-e',在阳性复数后加 '-s',在阴性复数后加 '-es'。但是,许多常用形容词是不规则的,需要用心记忆,比如 beau/belle(漂亮的)、bon/bonne(好的)和 blanc/blanche(白色的)。

FormExample (petit = small)
Masculine Singularle petit garçon
Feminine Singularla petite fille
Masculine Pluralles petits garçons
Feminine Pluralles petites filles

Formula: [Article] + [Noun] + [Adjective (agreeing in gender & number)]


3. Present Tense: Regular -ER Verbs | 现在时:规则 -ER 动词

The vast majority of French verbs end in -er in the infinitive. To conjugate, take the stem (infinitive minus -er) and add the following endings: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent. This pattern is your most powerful tool for expressing present actions.

绝大多数法语动词的原形以 -er 结尾。进行变位时,先去掉词尾 -er 得到词干,然后加上以下词尾:-e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent。这个模式是你表达当前动作最强大的工具。

Subject PronounEndingExample: parler (to speak) -> stem: parl-
je (I)-eje parle
tu (you, sing. inf.)-estu parles
il/elle/on (he/she/one)-eil parle
nous (we)-onsnous parlons
vous (you, sing. for. / pl.)-ezvous parlez
ils/elles (they, m/f)-entils parlent

Formula: [Subject] + [Stem] + [Ending]


4. Key Irregular Verbs: Avoir, Être, Aller, Faire | 关键不规则动词:有、是、去、做

These four verbs are the backbone of the French language. They are highly irregular and do not follow a standard formula, so you must use them as set 'equations' to be memorised in their entirety for each subject pronoun. They are essential not just on their own, but also for forming compound tenses.

这四个动词是法语的主干。它们极不规则,不遵循标准公式,因此你必须将它们当作固定的“方程式”,为每个主语代词完整记忆。它们不仅本身至关重要,对于构成复合时态也同样必不可少。

Pronounavoir (to have)être (to be)aller (to go)faire (to do/make)
je/j'j'aije suisje vaisje fais
tutu astu estu vastu fais
il/elle/onaestvafait
nousnous avonsnous sommesnous allonsnous faisons
vousvous avezvous êtesvous allezvous faites
ils/ellesontsontvontfont

Core Theorem: These must be stored as atomic blocks. Example: 'j'ai' + [noun/expression]


5. The Near Future: The 'Going to' Formula | 最近将来时:“打算做”公式

To say you are 'going to' do something, you use the near future tense. The formula is incredibly straightforward and powerful for Year 9 students. It is constructed with a conjugated form of the verb aller (to go), followed by the infinitive of the main action verb.

要表达你“打算做”某事,就需要使用最近将来时。对于九年级学生来说,这个公式极其简单且强大。它的结构是动词 aller(去)的变位形式,后接主要动作动词的不定式。

Formula: [Subject] + [conjugated form of 'aller'] + [Infinitive Verb]

For example, 'I am going to watch a film' translates to Je vais regarder un film. The formula is a direct substitution template. 'We are going to play football' becomes Nous allons jouer au foot. This structure is invaluable for discussing future plans, a key topic in Year 9.

例如,“我打算看一部电影”翻译为 Je vais regarder un film。这个公式就是一个直接代入的模板。“我们打算踢足球”就变成了 Nous allons jouer au foot。这个结构对于谈论未来计划至关重要,而这正是九年级的一个关键话题。


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6. Negation: The 'Sandwich' Formula | 否定式:“三明治”公式

To make a sentence negative in French, you wrap the conjugated verb in a 'sandwich' made of ne and pas. The basic placement rule is a theorem of French grammar: ne goes directly after the subject and pas goes directly after the conjugated verb. If the verb starts with a vowel, ne becomes n'.

要把一个法语句子变成否定,你得把变位动词用 ne 和 pas 像一个“三明治”一样包起来。这个基本的位置规则是法语语法的一条定理:ne 紧跟在主语之后,pas 紧跟在变位动词之后。如果动词以元音开头,ne 要缩合为 n'。

Formula: [Subject] + ne + [Conjugated Verb] + pas + [Rest of sentence]

For example, the positive sentence 'Je regarde la télé' (I watch TV) becomes the negative 'Je ne regarde pas la télé' (I don't watch TV). With a vowel, 'Il aime le café' becomes 'Il n'aime pas le café'. Common variations include ne...jamais (never), ne...plus (no longer), and ne...rien (nothing).

例如,肯定句 'Je regarde la télé'(我看电视)变成否定句 'Je ne regarde pas la télé'(我不看电视)。遇到元音时,'Il aime le café' 变成 'Il n'aime pas le café'。常见的变体包括 ne...jamais(从不)、ne...plus(不再)和 ne...rien(没什么)。


7. The Perfect Tense with Avoir: The 'Have Done' Formula | Avoir 复合过去时:“已经做过”公式

To talk about a completed action in the past, use the perfect tense. The fundamental formula for most verbs uses the present tense of avoir (to have) as the auxiliary, plus the past participle of the main verb. This is your tool for moving beyond the present.

要谈论过去完成的动作,使用复合过去时。对大多数动词而言,其基本公式是使用 avoir(有)的现在时作为助动词,再加上主要动词的过去分词。这是你超越现在时的表达工具。

Formula: [Subject] + [present tense of 'avoir'] + [Past Participle]

Forming the past participle follows a pattern: for -ER verbs, replace -er with -é (parlé -> parlé); for -IR verbs, replace -ir with -i (finir -> fini); for -RE verbs, replace -re with -u (vendre -> vendu). Example: 'J'ai mangé une pizza' (I ate a pizza). 'Nous avons fini nos devoirs' (We finished our homework).

构成过去分词遵循一个模式:对于 -ER 动词,将 -er 替换为 -é(parler -> parlé);对于 -IR 动词,将 -ir 替换为 -i(finir -> fini);对于 -RE 动词,将 -re 替换为 -u(vendre -> vendu)。例如:'J'ai mangé une pizza'(我吃了一块披萨)。'Nous avons fini nos devoirs'(我们做完了作业)。


8. The Perfect Tense with Être: The 'Motion & State' Formula | Être 复合过去时:“运动与状态”公式

A select but frequently used group of verbs, typically indicating motion or a change of state, form the perfect tense with être. A helpful mnemonic is 'MRS VAN DE TRAMP'. Crucially, with être, the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject, just like an adjective.

有一组经过挑选但非常常用的动词,通常表示运动或状态变化,它们用 être 来构成复合过去时。一个有用的记忆法是“MRS VAN DE TRAMP”。关键在于,使用 être 时,过去分词要和主语保持性和数的一致,就像形容词一样。

Formula with agreement: [Subject] + [present tense of 'être'] + [Past Participle (+e for fem.) (+s for plural)]

For example, 'aller' (to go): je suis allé(e), tu es allé(e), il est allé, elle est allée, nous sommes allés, vous êtes allés(es), ils sont allés, elles sont allées. Another example: 'Elle est née en avril' (She was born in April). The '-e' at the end of 'né' shows agreement with the feminine subject.

例如,'aller'(去):je suis allé(e), tu es allé(e), il est allé, elle est allée, nous sommes allés, vous êtes allés(es), ils sont allés, elles sont allées。另一个例子:'Elle est née en avril'(她出生于四月)。'né' 末尾的 '-e' 显示了与阴性主语的配合。


9. Forming Questions: Three Core Methods | 构成疑问句:三个核心方法

You can form a question in three ways, each with its own 'formula' level of formality. The simplest and most common in spoken French is the intonation method. For written and formal contexts, you use inversion, and for a universal approach, the 'est-ce que' structure is key.

你可以用三种方式构成疑问句,每种都有其不同正式程度的“公式”。口语中最简单也最常用的是语调法。在书面和正式语境中,你可以使用倒装法,而“est-ce que”结构则是一种通用的核心方法。

Formula 1 (Intonation): [Statement] + ? (Voice rises at the end)

Formula 2 (Est-ce que): Est-ce que + [Subject] + [Verb] + [Rest of sentence] ?

Formula 3 (Inversion): [Verb] + [-] + [Subject pronoun] + [Rest of sentence] ?

Examples: 'Tu as un stylo ?' (Intonation). 'Est-ce que tu as un stylo ?' (Est-ce que). 'As-tu un stylo ?' (Inversion). For inversion, a 't' is inserted between a verb ending in a vowel and 'il/elle' to ease pronunciation, e.g. 'A-t-il une sœur ?' (Does he have a sister?).

例如:'Tu as un stylo ?'(语调法)。'Est-ce que tu as un stylo ?'(Est-ce que 法)。'As-tu un stylo ?'(倒装法)。对于倒装法,在以元音结尾的动词和 'il/elle' 之间要插入一个 't' 来方便发音,例如 'A-t-il une sœur ?'(他有姐妹吗?)。


10. Partitive Articles: The 'Some' Formula | 部分冠词:“一些”公式

When referring to a non-specific quantity or part of an uncountable thing (some bread, some water, some money), you cannot use 'des'. Instead, you use the partitive articles: du (masculine), de la (feminine), de l' (before a vowel), and des (plural for countable items, but can also mean 'some').

当指代非特指的数量或不可数事物的一部分(一些面包、一些水、一些钱)时,不能使用 'des'。相反,要使用部分冠词:du(阳性)、de la(阴性)、de l'(元音前)和 des(用于可数名词复数,但也可表示“一些”)。

Formula: [Verb] + du / de la / de l' / des + [Noun]

Examples include 'Je mange du pain' (I eat some bread), 'Elle boit de la limonade' (She drinks some lemonade), 'Nous achetons de l'eau' (We are buying some water). A key rule: after a negative, du, de la, and des change to de or d'. ('Je n'ai pas de pain' - I don't have any bread).

例如 'Je mange du pain'(我吃一些面包)、'Elle boit de la limonade'(她喝一些柠檬水)、'Nous achetons de l'eau'(我们买一些水)。一条关键规则:在否定式之后,du, de la, des 要变成 de 或 d'。('Je n'ai pas de pain' - 我没有面包)。


11. Comparatives & Superlatives: The Degree Formulas | 比较级与最高级:程度公式

To compare things, use the comparative formula. To state that something is the best, biggest, or smallest, use the superlative formula. These two structures rely on the words plus (more), moins (less), and aussi (as).

要比较事物,使用比较级公式。要说明某事物是最好、最大或最少的,使用最高级公式。这两种结构都依赖于 plus(更/更多)、moins(更少)和 aussi(一样)。

Comparative Formula: [Subject] + [Verb] + plus/moins/aussi + [Adjective] + que + [Compared thing]

Superlative Formula: [Subject] + [Verb] + le/la/les + plus/moins + [Adjective]

For example, 'Le foot est plus intéressant que le basket' (Football is more interesting than basketball). 'Ma sœur est aussi grande que moi' (My sister is as tall as me). For the superlative: 'C'est le film le plus amusant' (It's the funniest film). Remember the irregular forms: bon/bonne (good) becomes meilleur (better) and le meilleur/la meilleure (the best); mauvais (bad) becomes pire (worse) and le/la pire (the worst).

例如,'Le foot est plus intéressant que le basket'(足球比篮球更有趣)。'Ma sœur est aussi grande que moi'(我姐姐和我一样高)。对于最高级:'C'est le film le plus amusant'(这是最有趣的电影)。记住这些不规则形式:bon/bonne(好的)变成 meilleur(更好的)和 le meilleur/la meilleure(最好的);mauvais(坏的)变成 pire(更坏的)和 le/la pire(最坏的)。


12. Key Prepositions & Linking Words: The Glue | 关键介词与连词:语言粘合剂

Prepositions tell you where or when something is, while linking words (connectives) help you build complex sentences. Mastery of these small words allows you to connect your formulas and build paragraphs. Key prepositions for Year 9 include à (to, at), de (of, from), en (in), dans (inside, in), sur (on), sous (under), and avec (with).

介词告诉你地点或时间,而连词则帮助你构建复杂的句子。掌握这些小词能让你把各个公式连接起来,构成段落。九年级需要掌握的关键介词包括 à(在/去)、de(的/来自)、en(在)、dans(在里面)、sur(在...上面)、sous(在...下面)和 avec(和...一起)。

Formula: [Sentence 1] + [Connective] + [Sentence 2]

Core connectives are et (and), mais (but), cependant (however), aussi (also), parce que (because), donc (therefore), and puis (then). Sequencing words like d'abord (firstly), ensuite (next), and finalement (finally) are essential for structuring opinions. Time phrases such as le week-end dernier (last weekend) and la semaine prochaine (next week) act as temporal 'anchors' for your tense formulas.

核心连词有 et(和)、mais(但是)、cependant(然而)、aussi(也)、parce que(因为)、donc(因此)和 puis(然后)。用于排序的词,如 d'abord(首先)、ensuite(接着)和 finalement(最后),对于组织观点至关重要。时间短语,如 le week-end dernier(上个周末)和 la semaine prochaine(下周),可以充当你的时态公式的时间“锚点”。

Published by TutorHao | French Revision Series | aleveler.com

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