📚 Year 9 Cambridge French: Core Knowledge and Skills Overview | Year 9 剑桥法语核心知识点梳理
In Year 9 Cambridge French, students build a solid foundation in essential grammar and vocabulary to communicate effectively in everyday situations. This core knowledge guide covers pronunciation, key verbs, sentence structure, and thematic language that prepare learners for IGCSE-level study. Mastering these fundamentals will boost your confidence in speaking, listening, reading, and writing French.
在 Year 9 剑桥法语课程中，学生要为日常交流打下坚实的语法和词汇基础。这份核心知识点指南涵盖了发音、关键动词、句子结构以及主题语言，为 IGCSE 阶段的学习做好准备。掌握这些基础将大大提升你在法语听说读写各方面的信心。
1. Pronunciation and Accents | 发音与重音符号
French uses the same alphabet as English, but the letters are pronounced differently. Pay special attention to accent marks, which can change both the sound and the meaning of a word. The five main diacritics are: the acute accent (accent aigu) on é, the grave accent (accent grave) on è, à, ù, the circumflex (accent circonflexe) on ê, â, î, ô, û, the diaeresis (tréma) on ë, ï, ü, and the cedilla (cédille) under ç, which makes the 'c' sound like an 's' before 'a', 'o', or 'u'.
法语使用与英语相同的字母表，但字母发音不同。要特别注意重音符号，它们不仅改变发音，还能改变单词的含义。五种主要变音符号是：尖音符 (accent aigu) 用于 é，钝音符 (accent grave) 用于 è, à, ù，长音符 (accent circonflexe) 用于 ê, â, î, ô, û，分音符 (tréma) 用于 ë, ï, ü，以及软音符 (cédille) 用于 ç，使得 'c' 在 'a'、'o' 或 'u' 前发 's' 音。
To build accurate pronunciation, remember that é sounds like the 'ay' in 'say', while è and ê are more open, like the 'e' in 'bed'. Nasal vowels, such as those in bon (good) or vin (wine), occur when a vowel is followed by 'n' or 'm' at the end of a syllable, and the air passes through the nose. Practise these sounds regularly by listening to native speakers.
要练出准确的发音，记住 é 发音类似英语 'say' 中的 'ay'，而 è 和 ê 开口度更大，像英语 'bed' 中的 'e'。鼻化元音，例如 bon（好的）或 vin（葡萄酒）中的元音，出现在元音后面跟着音节末尾的 'n' 或 'm' 时，气流从鼻腔通过。通过多听母语人士的发音，经常练习这些发音。
| Accent | Name | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| é | accent aigu | café, école, téléphone |
| è, à, ù | accent grave | père, là, où |
| ê, â, î, ô, û | accent circonflexe | forêt, âge, hôpital |
| ë, ï, ü | tréma | Noël, naïve, aiguë |
| ç | cédille | garçon, français, leçon |
2. Nouns and Articles | 名词与冠词
Every French noun has a gender: masculine or feminine. There is no neutral gender, and the gender often needs to be memorised with the word. The plural of nouns is generally formed by adding an -s, but many nouns have irregular plurals, such as un cheval (a horse) becoming des chevaux.
每个法语名词都有阴阳性：阳性或阴性。法语中没有中性，词性通常需要和单词一起记忆。名词的复数形式一般直接加 -s，但很多名词有不规则变化，比如 un cheval（一匹马）变为 des chevaux。
Articles agree in gender and number with the noun they modify. The definite articles are le (masculine singular), la (feminine singular), l' (before vowels or silent 'h'), and les (plural). The indefinite articles are un (masculine), une (feminine), and des (plural). You will also meet the partitive articles du, de la, de l', and des, which express an unspecified quantity, like 'some'.
冠词需要与所修饰的名词在性和数上配合。定冠词有 le（阳性单数）、la（阴性单数）、l'（用于元音或哑音 h 前）以及 les（复数）。不定冠词有 un（阳性）、une（阴性）和 des（复数）。你还会遇到部分冠词 du、de la、de l' 和 des，它们用来表示不确指的数量，相当于“一些”。
3. Subject Pronouns and the Verb ‘être’ | 主语人称代词与动词 être
Subject pronouns tell you who is performing the action. The French pronouns are: je (I), tu (you, informal singular), il/elle/on (he/she/one or we informally), nous (we), vous (you, formal or plural), and ils/elles (they, masculine/feminine). On is very common in spoken French to mean 'we'.
主语人称代词表明动作的发出者。法语的主语人称代词分别为：je（我）、tu（你，非正式单数）、il/elle/on（他/她/人们，口语中常表示“我们”）、nous（我们）、vous（您/你们）和 ils/elles（他们/她们）。On 在口语中常用来代替 'nous'。
The verb être (to be) is highly irregular and must be memorised: je suis, tu es, il/elle/on est, nous sommes, vous êtes, ils/elles sont. You use être to talk about identity, nationality, professions, and descriptions, e.g. Je suis français (I am French) or Elle est gentille (She is kind).
动词 être（是）极不规则，必须牢记其变位：je suis、tu es、il/elle/on est、nous sommes、vous êtes、ils/elles sont。你用 être 来谈论身份、国籍、职业和描述，例如 Je suis français（我是法国人）或 Elle est gentille（她很善良）。
4. Regular -er Verbs in the Present Tense | 规则 -er 动词的现在时
The largest group of French verbs ends in -er. To conjugate a regular -er verb, remove the -er ending and add: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent. For example, the verb parler (to speak) becomes: je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent. Note that the singular endings and the third-person plural ending sound identical, even though they are spelled differently.
法语中最大一类动词以 -er 结尾。要变位一个规则 -er 动词，去掉 -er 结尾，再加上词尾 -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent。以动词 parler（说话）为例：je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent。请注意，单数人称和第三人称复数的人称词尾虽然拼写不同，但发音完全一样。
Other common -er verbs you will use often include aimer (to like/love), habiter (to live), étudier (to study), and manger (to eat). For manger, a small spelling change occurs in the nous form: nous mangeons, to keep the soft 'g' sound. practise these patterns frequently to build fluency.
其他你常会用到的 -er 动词包括 aimer（喜欢/爱）、habiter（居住）、étudier（学习）和 manger（吃）。manger 在 nous 的人称变位中有微小的拼写变化：nous mangeons，这是为了保持软音 'g' 的发音。经常练习这些变位模式，可以帮助你说话更流利。
5. Regular -ir and -re Verbs | 规则 -ir 和 -re 动词
Besides -er verbs, you need to know two other regular groups. -ir verbs like finir (to finish) follow this pattern: je finis, tu finis, il/elle/on finit, nous finissons, vous finissez, ils/elles finissent. Notice the -iss- infix in the plural forms, which is typical of many -ir verbs. Another helpful verb is choisir (to choose).
除了 -er 动词，你还需要掌握另外两类规则动词。-ir 动词如 finir（完成）的变位模式为：je finis, tu finis, il/elle/on finit, nous finissons, vous finissez, ils/elles finissent。注意复数人称中嵌入了 -iss-，这是很多 -ir 动词的典型特征。另一个有用的动词是 choisir（选择）。
-re verbs like vendre (to sell) drop the -re and add: -s, -s, -, -ons, -ez, -ent. Thus, je vends, tu vends, il/elle/on vend, nous vendons, vous vendez, ils/elles vendent. The third-person singular has no ending. Regular -re verbs include attendre (to wait) and entendre (to hear).
-re 动词如 vendre（卖）去掉 -re，加上词尾 -s, -s, -, -ons, -ez, -ent。因此变位为：je vends, tu vends, il/elle/on vend, nous vendons, vous vendez, ils/elles vendent。第三人称单数没有词尾。规则 -re 动词还包括 attendre（等待）和 entendre（听见）。
6. Key Irregular Verbs: avoir, faire, aller | 重要不规则动词：avoir, faire, aller
Three essential irregular verbs appear in almost every conversation. Avoir (to have) is used for possession, age, and in many set expressions: j'ai, tu as, il/elle/on a, nous avons, vous avez, ils/elles ont. Remember j'ai faim (I am hungry) literally means 'I have hunger'.
有三个重要的不规则动词几乎出现在每一段对话中。Avoir（有）用于表示拥有、年龄和许多固定表达：j'ai, tu as, il/elle/on a, nous avons, vous avez, ils/elles ont。记住 j'ai faim（我饿了）的字面意思是“我有饥饿”。
Faire (to do/make) conjugates as: je fais, tu fais, il/elle/on fait, nous faisons, vous faites, ils/elles font. You will use it to talk about activities (faire du sport) and weather (Il fait beau). Aller (to go) is very irregular: je vais, tu vas, il/elle/on va, nous allons, vous allez, ils/elles vont. It is also the auxiliary for the near future.
Faire（做）的变位为：je fais, tu fais, il/elle/on fait, nous faisons, vous faites, ils/elles font。你会用它来谈论活动（如 faire du sport 做运动）和天气（如 Il fait beau 天气好）。Aller（去）非常不规则：je vais, tu vas, il/elle/on va, nous allons, vous allez, ils/elles vont。它同时也是构成最近将来时的助动词。
7. Negation: ne...pas | 否定形式 ne...pas
To make a sentence negative in French, you place ne before the conjugated verb and pas after it. For example, Je parle français becomes Je ne parle pas français. If the verb begins with a vowel or a silent 'h', ne contracts to n': Il n'aime pas le fromage (He does not like cheese).
在法语中将句子变为否定，需要在变位动词之前加 ne，之后加 pas。例如 Je parle français 变为 Je ne parle pas français。如果动词以元音或哑音 h 开头，ne 缩写成 n'：Il n'aime pas le fromage（他不喜欢奶酪）。
In compound tenses like the near future, ne...pas wraps around the auxiliary verb: Je ne vais pas manger (I am not going to eat). You can also use other negative expressions such as ne...jamais (never) and ne...rien (nothing) following the same pattern.
在最近将来时这样的复合时态中，ne...pas 包围助动词：Je ne vais pas manger（我将不吃）。你还可以使用其他否定表达，如 ne...jamais（从未）和 ne...rien（没什么），它们的用法模式相同。
8. Asking Questions | 提问方式
There are three main ways to form questions in French. The simplest is to take a statement and raise your voice at the end: Tu aimes le chocolat ? (You like chocolate?). This informal method is very common in spoken French.
法语中有三种主要的提问方式。最简单的是用陈述句并在末尾提高语调：Tu aimes le chocolat ?（你喜欢巧克力吗？）。这种非正式的问法在口语中很常见。
The second way is to place Est-ce que (literally 'is it that') at the beginning of a statement: Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat ? This works in most situations and is neither too formal nor too casual. The third, more formal method is inversion, where you swap the verb and subject pronoun and add a hyphen: Parles-tu français ? At Year 9, you should become comfortable with the first two patterns before tackling inversion confidently.
第二种方法是在陈述句前加上 Est-ce que（字面意思为“是不是”）：Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat ?。这种方式在大多数场合都适用，既不过于正式也不太过随意。第三种更正式的方法是倒装，即将动词和主语代词交换位置并加上连字符：Parles-tu français ?。对于 Year 9，你应当先熟练掌握前两种模式，再自信地攻克倒装句。
9. Adjectives: Agreement and Position | 形容词的性数配合和位置
French adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. To form the feminine, you usually add an -e to the masculine form: un garçon intelligent → une fille intelligente. For the plural, add an -s: des garçons intelligents, des filles intelligentes.
法语形容词必须与它所修饰的名词在性和数上配合。构成阴性形式时，通常在阳性形式后加上 -e：un garçon intelligent（一个聪明的男孩）→ une fille intelligente（一个聪明的女孩）。构成复数时加上 -s：des garçons intelligents，des filles intelligentes。
Most adjectives come after the noun in French, but a group of short, common adjectives come before. Remember the acronym BAGS: Beauty (beau/belle), Age (jeune, vieux/vieille), Goodness (bon/bonne), and Size (petit/petite, grand/grande). Irregular adjectives like beau have special forms before masculine nouns starting with a vowel: un bel homme (a handsome man).
大多数法语形容词放在名词 之后，但有一组常见的短形容词放在名词 之前。记住 BAGS 这个缩写：美丑 (beau/belle)、年龄 (jeune, vieux/vieille)、好坏 (bon/bonne) 和大小 (petit/petite, grand/grande)。像 beau 这样的不规则形容词在遇到以元音开头的阳性名词时有特殊形式：un bel homme（一位英俊的男子）。
10. The Near Future (futur proche) | 最近将来时
To talk about what is going to happen, French uses the near future: a conjugated form of aller + an infinitive. For instance, Je vais regarder la télévision means 'I am going to watch television'. This structure is easy to form and extremely useful.
要谈论即将发生的事情，法语使用 最近将来时：aller 的变位形式加上动词不定式。例如，Je vais regarder la télévision 意思是“我将要去看电视”。这个结构很容易构成，也非常实用。
You can use the near future with any infinitive to express future intentions: Nous allons acheter des fruits (We are going to buy some fruit), Elle va faire ses devoirs (She is going to do her homework). Remember to conjugate aller correctly and keep the second verb in its infinitive form; do not change its ending.
你可以用任何不定式和最近将来时搭配来表达将来的意图：Nous allons acheter des fruits（我们将去买一些水果），Elle va faire ses devoirs（她将要做作业）。记得正确变位 aller，并让第二个动词保持不定式形式；不要改变它的词尾。
11. Numbers, Dates, and Time | 数字、日期与时间
Being able to count, give dates, and tell the time is essential. Numbers 0-20 are the base: zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dix-sept, dix-huit, dix-neuf, vingt. From 21 onwards, use vingt et un, vingt-deux, etc. Tens include trente, quarante, cinquante, soixante, and then soixante-dix (70), quatre-vingts (80), and quatre-vingt-dix (90).
会数数、表达日期和报时是必备技能。数字 0-20 是基础：zéro, un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze
Published by TutorHao | Year 9 法语 Revision Series | aleveler.com 更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图