📚 Year 9 Cambridge Computer Science: Key Terms Memorisation Guide | Year 9 剑桥计算机：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the vocabulary of Computer Science is essential for Year 9 students following the Cambridge curriculum. This guide breaks down key terms into bite-sized explanations with memory aids, helping you build a strong foundation. From hardware components to network jargon, each term is paired with a mnemonic or simple trick to make it stick.
掌握计算机科学的词汇对于遵循剑桥课程的九年级学生至关重要。本指南将关键术语分解为小块解释并附带记忆辅助，帮助你建立扎实的基础。从硬件组件到网络术语，每个术语都配有助记符或简单技巧，让你轻松记住。
1. Hardware Essentials | 硬件基础
CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer. Think of it as the "Captain Processing Unit" that fetches, decodes, and executes every instruction. Mnemonic: C PU! See what I can Process!
CPU（中央处理器）：计算机的大脑。把它想象成“船长处理单元”，负责取指、解码和执行每条指令。助记：C PU！看我处理！
RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary, volatile storage that forgets everything when power is off. Picture a hyperactive ram (the animal) that never remembers anything after a nap.
RAM（随机存取内存）：临时的、易失性存储，断电即忘。想象一只精力旺盛的公羊，小憩之后就什么都记不住。
ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent memory that stores boot-up instructions. Trick: Read Only – you can only read it, never write to it.
ROM（只读存储器）：存储启动指令的永久内存。窍门：只读——你只能读，不能写。
Motherboard: The main circuit board connecting all components. Think of it as a 'mother' holding everything together with care.
主板：连接所有组件的主电路板。把它看作一位“母亲”，细心地把一切连接在一起。
2. Input & Output Devices | 输入输出设备
Input Devices: Hardware that sends data TO the computer. Remember Input = Insert. Examples: keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, microphone.
输入设备：将数据传入计算机的硬件。记住：Input = Insert（插入）。例如：键盘、鼠标、触摸屏、麦克风。
Output Devices: Hardware that receives data FROM the computer. Think Output = Out. Examples: monitor, printer, speakers.
输出设备：从计算机接收数据的硬件。联想：Output = Out（输出）。例如：显示器、打印机、扬声器。
Touchscreen: An input AND output device. Tap it – input; see it – output. Two-in-one glass!
触摸屏：既是输入又是输出设备。点它——输入；看它——输出。二合一玻璃！
Sensor: Detects physical quantities (light, temperature) and converts them into signals. Memory hook: Sense-or – it senses the world.
传感器：检测物理量（光、温度）并转换为信号。记忆挂钩：Sense-or——它感知世界。
3. Software Types | 软件类型
Operating System (OS): The boss software that manages hardware and runs applications. Mnemonic: OS = Organising System. Think Windows, macOS, Linux.
操作系统 (OS)：管理硬件并运行应用程序的老板软件。助记：OS = 组织系统。想想Windows、macOS、Linux。
Application Software: Programs that help you do tasks like writing, gaming, or browsing. Word: Applies to your needs.
应用软件：帮助你完成写作、游戏或浏览等任务的程序。记住：应用于你的需求。
Utility Software: Small tools for maintenance, like antivirus or disk cleaners. Utility = useful little helper.
实用工具软件：用于维护的小工具，如杀毒软件或磁盘清理工具。Utility = 有用的小帮手。
Firmware: Software permanently stored on hardware (BIOS). Firm as in fixed, not soft.
固件：永久存储在硬件上的软件（BIOS）。Firm表示固定，不像软件那样易变。
4. Data Storage Units | 数据存储单位
Bit: The smallest unit of data, a single 0 or 1. Abbreviated 'b'. Imagine a tiny bit of a cookie.
比特：数据的最小单位，单个0或1。缩写为“b”。想象一小块饼干。
Byte: 8 bits. A single character like 'A' is one byte. Abbreviated 'B'. Remember: 8 bits make a byte – a great bite!
字节：8个比特。一个字符如“A”就是一个字节。缩写“B”。记住：8位凑一字节——一口吃掉！
Kilobyte (KB): About 1000 bytes. Trick: Kilo = thousand, like kilometre.
千字节 (KB)：约1000字节。窍门：Kilo = 千，像公里。
Megabyte (MB) ≈ 1 million bytes. Mega = big, like megaphone.
兆字节 (MB) ≈ 百万字节。Mega = 巨大，像扩音器。
Gigabyte (GB) ≈ 1 billion bytes. Giga = giant. A movie is often a few GB.
吉字节 (GB) ≈ 十亿字节。Giga = 巨型。一部电影通常几GB。
Terabyte (TB) ≈ 1 trillion bytes. Tera = monstrous storage; think of a terrifyingly large box of data.
太字节 (TB) ≈ 万亿字节。Tera = 怪兽级的存储；想象一个巨大得吓人的数据箱。
5. Number Systems: Binary & Denary | 数制：二进制与十进制
Denary (Decimal): Base-10 system we use daily, digits 0–9. Den like 'ten'.
十进制：我们日常使用的基数为10的系统，数字0–9。Den像“ten”（十）。
Binary: Base-2, only 0 and 1. Everything computers understand is binary. Bi = two, like bicycle.
二进制：基数为2，只有0和1。计算机理解的一切都是二进制。Bi = 二，就像自行车。
Place values: In binary, each column doubles: ... 2³ (8), 2² (4), 2¹ (2), 2⁰ (1). Read right to left.
位值：二进制中每列翻倍：... 2³ (8), 2² (4), 2¹ (2), 2⁰ (1)。从右向左读。
Conversion shortcut ite powers of 2 above the bits and sum where 1s appear. For example, 1010₂ = 8+0+2+0 = 10.
转换捷径：在比特上方写出2的幂，在出现1的位置求和。例如，1010₂ = 8+0+2+0 = 10。
Nibble: 4 bits. Half a byte – a tiny nibble before the byte!
半字节 (Nibble)：4个比特。半个字节——在吃下整个字节前的一小口！
6. Programming Fundamentals | 编程基础
Algorithm: A step-by-step procedure to solve a problem. Think of a cooking recipe. Name trick: Al-Khwarizmi, the mathematician.
算法：解决问题的逐步步骤。想象一份烹饪食谱。名字由来：数学家花拉子米 (Al-Khwarizmi)。
Variable: A named container that holds data which can change. Like a labelled box. Vary means change.
变量：一个有名字的容器，保存可以变化的数据。像一个贴了标签的盒子。Vary意为变化。
Sequence, Selection, Iteration f : The three building blocks of any program. Sequence = order; Selection = choice (if-else); Iteration = loops. Remember SSI – So Simple, Indeed!
顺序、选择、迭代：任何程序的三个构建块。顺序=次序；选择=抉择（if-else）；迭代=循环。记住SSI——确实如此简单！
Pseudocode: A mix of English and code to plan logic before actual programming. Pseudo means fake – fake code.
伪代码：英语与代码的混合体，用于在实际编程前规划逻辑。Pseudo意为假的——假代码。
Flowchart: Diagram using shapes to represent algorithms. Ovals for start/end, rectangles for processes, diamonds for decisions.
流程图：使用形状表示算法的图形。椭圆表示开始/结束，矩形表示过程，菱形表示决策。
7. Networking Terms | 网络术语
LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small area like a school. Local – think of your local neighbourhood.
局域网 (LAN)：覆盖像学校这样的小区域。Local——想想你的本地社区。
WAN (Wide Area Network): Spans large geographical distances. The internet is the largest WAN. Wide as the world.
广域网 (WAN)：跨越广阔的地理距离。互联网是最大的广域网。Wide如世界般宽广。
Router: Directs data packets between networks. Route-r shows the route, like a postal sorting office.
路由器：在网络之间引导数据包。Route-r 指示路线，就像邮政分拣处。
Switch: Connects devices in a LAN and sends data only to the intended recipient. Smarter than a hub.
交换机：连接局域网中的设备，并仅将数据发送给目标接收方。比集线器更智能。
IP Address: A unique number that identifies a device on a network. IPv4 looks like 192.168.0.1. Think of it as your digital home address.
IP 地址：标识网络中设备的唯一编号。IPv4看起来像192.168.0.1。把它看作你的数字家庭住址。
MAC Address: A hardware address burnt into the network card. Unchangeable. Media Access Control – the device's permanent fingerprint.
MAC 地址：烧录在网卡中的硬件地址，不可更改。媒体访问控制——设备的永久指纹。
8. Cybersecurity Threats | 网络安全威胁
Malware: Malicious software that harms a system. Mal = bad (like malevolent). Includes viruses, worms, trojans.
恶意软件：伤害系统的恶意软件。Mal = 坏（如恶意的）。包括病毒、蠕虫、特洛伊木马。
Virus: Attaches to clean files and spreads when opened. Like a biological virus – needs a host.
病毒：附着在干净文件上，打开时传播。像生物病毒——需要宿主。
Worm: Self-replicating and spreads without human action. Think of a worm crawling through network holes.
蠕虫：自我复制并在无需人工操作的情况下传播。想象一条虫子从网络漏洞中爬过。
Trojan Horse: Disguises as legitimate software but carries a hidden payload. Greek myth memory – beware of gifts!
特洛伊木马：伪装成合法软件，但携带隐藏的有效负载。希腊神话记忆——当心礼物！
Phishing: Trick emails to steal personal info. Phishing is like fishing – casting bait to hook victims.
网络钓鱼：诱骗邮件以窃取个人信息。Phishing就像钓鱼——抛下诱饵钓住受害者。
Firewall: A barrier that monitors incoming/outgoing traffic. Picture a literal wall of fire blocking intruders.
防火墙：监控传入/传出流量的屏障。想象一道真实的火墙阻挡入侵者。
Encryption: Scrambles data into unreadable code so only authorised parties can read it. Encrypt sounds like 'in crypt' – locked in a secret tomb.
加密：将数据打乱成不可读的代码，只有授权方才能读取。Encrypt听起来像“入棺”——锁在秘密墓穴中。
9. Spreadsheet & Database Basics | 电子表格与数据库基础
Cell: A single box in a spreadsheet identified by a column letter and row number, e.g., B3. Think of a prison cell – it holds one item.
单元格：电子表格中由列字母和行号标识的单个格子，如B3。想象监狱牢房——它关押一项内容。
Formula: A calculation entered in a cell, always starting with '='. Example: =A1+B1. Formula like a magic spell to compute.
公式：在单元格中输入的算式，始终以“=”开头。例如：=A1+B1。Formula就像计算魔法咒语。
Function: Built-in predefined formulas like SUM, AVERAGE. They are ready-made tools to speed up work.
函数：内置的预定义公式，如SUM、AVERAGE。它们是现成工具，加速工作。
Record: A complete set of information about one entity in a database, displayed as a row. Think of a criminal record – all details of one person.
记录：数据库中关于一个实体的完整信息，显示为一行。想象一份犯罪记录——某人的所有细节。
Field: A single piece of data in a database, stored as a column. Like a field in a form – one specific category (e.g., Surname).
字段：数据库中的单条数据，存储为一列。像表格中的一个栏位——特定类别（例如：姓氏）。
Primary Key: A unique identifier for each record, like Student ID. No two records can have the same primary key. Primary = main key to unlock the record.
主键：每条记录的唯一标识符，如学号。任何两条记录都不能有相同的主键。Primary = 解锁记录的主钥匙。
10. Logic Gates & Boolean | 逻辑门与布尔代数
AND gate: Outputs 1 only if ALL inputs are 1. Like a strict club rule – you need both ID AND a ticket.
与门：仅当所有输入均为1时才输出1。像严格的俱乐部规则——你需要身份证与门票。
OR gate: Outputs 1 if AT LEAST one input is 1. Imagine choosing tea OR coffee – you'll be happy with either.
或门：只要至少一个输入为1就输出1。想象选择茶或咖啡——有任一种都开心。
NOT gate: Flips the input; 0 becomes 1, 1 becomes 0. The inverter, the rebel of logic.
非门：翻转输入；0变1，1变0。反相器，逻辑的反叛者。
Truth table: A table listing all possible input combinations and their outputs. Below is the AND truth table for a quick reminder:
真值表：列出所有可能输入组合及其输出的表格。下面是AND真值表，供快速回顾：
| A | B | A AND B |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
Boolean Algebra ion (1×1=1, 1×0=0). OR is like addition (0+1=1, 1+1=1 in Boolean world). NOT simply flips.
布尔代数：变量为 TRUE（1）或 FALSE（0）的代数。AND就像乘法 (1×1=1, 1×0=0)。OR就像加法（布尔世界里0+1=1, 1+1=1）。NOT则直接翻转。
Published by TutorHao | Computer Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
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