📚 Year 9 Cambridge Psychology: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 9 剑桥心理学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the specialised vocabulary in psychology is the first step to thinking like a psychologist. Year 9 students often find the rapid introduction of new terms overwhelming. This guide breaks down key Cambridge psychology terminology into bite-sized explanations and provides memory hacks to help you retain them effortlessly.
掌握心理学的专业术语是像心理学家一样思考的第一步。九年级的学生常常被大量新术语轰炸得不知所措。本指南将剑桥心理学的关键术语分解为小块解释，并提供记忆技巧，帮助你毫不费力地记住它们。
1. Core Research Methods Terminology | 核心研究方法术语
Independent Variable (IV) – the variable the researcher manipulates. Memory hook: "I change the IV; I am the Independent actor."
自变量 (IV) – 研究者操纵的变量。记忆钩子：“我改变IV；我是独立行动者。”
Dependent Variable (DV) – the outcome measured; it depends on the IV. Think: "DV = Data Value that varies."
因变量 (DV) – 测量的结果；它取决于IV。想想：“DV = 变化的数据值。”
Extraneous Variable – any variable other than the IV that could affect the DV. To control it, remember "Extraneous could be Extra annoying".
外源变量 – 除IV外任何可能影响DV的变量。控制它，记住：“外源变量是额外的烦恼。”
Confounding Variable – an uncontrolled extraneous variable that actually changes systematically with the IV, spoiling the results. Mnemonic: "Confounding Confuses the cause."
混淆变量 – 一个未控制的外源变量，它系统性地随IV变化，破坏了结果。助记：“混淆变量混淆因果。”
Hypothesis – ll hypothesis (predicting no effect) and an alternative hypothesis (predicting an effect). "Null = No thing."
假设 – 可检验的预测。你既需要虚无假设（预测无效应）也需要备择假设（预测有效应）。“Null = 无。”
Operationalisation – defining exactly how variables will be measured or manipulated. Memory aid: "Make it Operable: define the operation."
操作性定义 – 明确定义变量将如何被测量或操纵。记忆辅助：“使其可操作：定义操作。”
2. Experimental Design and Ethics | 实验设计与伦理
Independent Groups Design – different participants are used in each condition. Think: "Groups are Independent from each other."
独立组设计 – 每个条件下使用不同的被试。想想：“各组之间相互独立。”
Repeated Measures Design – the same participants take part in all conditions. Memory cue: "People Repeat themselves."
重复测量设计 – 同一批被试参加所有条件。记忆线索：“人们重复自己。”
Matched Pairs Design – participants are paired based on key characteristics, then one from each pair is assigned to different conditions. Picture matching socks.
匹配对设计 – 根据关键特征将被试配对，然后每一对中一个分配到一个条件。想象匹配袜子。
Informed Consent – participants must know enough to decide freely. "Consent = permission after info."
知情同意 – 被试必须充分了解后才能自由决定。“同意 = 信息之后许可。”
Deception – misleading participants; must be justified and followed by debriefing. "Deception needs Debriefing."
欺骗 – 误导被试；必须有正当理由并随后进行事后说明。“欺骗需要事后解释。”
Debriefing – after the study, participants are told the true purpose. "Debrief = reveal the brief."
事后说明 – 研究结束后
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