📚 Year 9 WJEC Chemistry: Quick Memorisation Guide to Key Vocabulary & Terminology | Year 9 WJEC 化学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the language of chemistry is the first step to excelling in your WJEC Year 9 course. This bilingual guide breaks down essential vocabulary into clear definitions and memorable tricks, helping you build a solid foundation for exams and practical work.
掌握化学语言是在 WJEC 九年级课程中取得优异成绩的第一步。这份双语指南将基础词汇分解为清晰的定义和难忘的记忆技巧，帮助你为考试和实验打下坚实基础。
1. Atomic Structure Basics | 原子结构基础
Atom: The smallest particle of an element that can exist and take part in a chemical reaction.
原子：元素中能独立存在并参与化学反应的最小微粒。
Memory trick: Think of an atom as a single building block of the universe, like a tiny marble that cannot be cut further.
记忆窍门：把原子想象成宇宙的一块积木，就像一颗无法再切割的微小弹珠。
Nucleus: The dense central core of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
原子核：原子内部致密的中心核，由质子和中子组成。
Memory aid: Picture the nucleus as the 'sun' in a miniature solar system, with electrons orbiting it like planets.
记忆辅助：把原子核想象成微型太阳系中的“太阳”，电子则像行星一样绕其运行。
Proton: A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus, with a relative mass of 1.
质子：原子核内带正电荷的亚原子粒子，相对质量为 1。
Quick recall: 'Pro' sounds like 'positive'. Protons are positive!
速记：“Pro”听起来像“positive（正面）”。质子带正电！
Neutron: A neutral subatomic particle located in the nucleus, also with a relative mass of 1.
中子：原子核内不带电的亚原子粒子，相对质量也为 1。
Memory link: 'Neutron' and 'neutral' both start with 'ne'.
记忆联想：“Neutron”和“neutral”都以“ne”开头。
Electron: A negatively charged particle that moves around the nucleus in shells, with a negligible mass.
电子：在原子核外电子壳层中运动的带负电荷粒子，质量极小。
Remember: Electrons have a negative charge, like the 'e' in 'negative' can remind you of 'electron'.
记住：电子带负电，英语中“negative”的“e”可以提示“electron”。
Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus, which uniquely identifies an element.
原子序数：原子核内质子的数目，它决定了元素的种类。
Key fact: For a neutral atom, atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons.
关键事实：对于中性原子，原子序数 = 质子数 = 电子数。
Mass number: The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
质量数：原子核中质子数与中子数之和。
Tip: Mass number = protons + neutrons. You can remember it as the heavy 'mass' comes from both particles in the nucleus.
技巧：质量数 = 质子数 + 中子数。可以记成“质量”大多来自原子核里的两种粒子。
2. Elements and the Periodic Table | 元素与周期表
Element: A substance made of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
元素：仅由一种原子组成的物质，不能通过化学方法分解成更简单的物质。
Memory image: Each element is like a unique colour of paint – you cannot separate it into other colours by mixing.
记忆图像：每种元素就像一种独特的颜料——你无法通过混合把它分离成其他颜色。
Period: A horizontal row in the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
周期：元素周期表中的横排。同一周期的元素具有相同的电子层数。
Learning aid: 'Period' sounds like 'horizontal parade' – think of a row of elements marching across.
学习辅助：“Period”谐音“排”，如同水平排列的队伍。
Group: A vertical column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
族：元素周期表中的纵列。同一族元素化学性质相似，因为它们的最外层电子数相同。
Visual clue: Groups are like families – members share similar characteristics. Group 1 are the alkali metals, always ready to react.
视觉线索：族就像一个家族——成员具有相似的特征。第1族是碱金属，总是很容易反应。
Metal: An element that is typically shiny, conducts heat and electricity, and is malleable (can be hammered into shape).
金属：通常有光泽、能导热导电、具有延展性（可锻造成形）的元素。
Mnemonic: 'M' for metal and 'm' for malleable and 'm' for 'melt' at high temperatures but stay strong.
助记：“Metal”和“malleable”（可塑的）都以M开头，金属在高温下熔化但依然坚固。
Non-metal: An element that is generally dull, brittle, and a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
非金属：一般色泽暗淡、脆性大、导热导电性差的元素。
Contrast: Non-metals are the opposite of metals – if it is not shiny and breaks easily, it is likely a non-metal.
对比：非金属是金属的反面——如果它没有光泽且易碎，很可能就是非金属。
Noble gases: Group 0 elements that are unreactive because they have a full outer electron shell.
稀有气体：第0族元素，它们因为具有全满的最外层电子而极不活泼。
Memory story: Noble gases are like royalty – too 'noble' to react with common elements. They already have everything they need.
记忆故事：稀有气体就像皇室贵族——太“高贵”而不屑与普通元素反应，它们已经应有尽有。
3. Compounds and Chemical Formulas | 化合物与化学式记忆法
Compound: A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.
化合物：由两种或两种以上不同元素以固定比例通过化学键结合而成的物质。
Analogy: A compound is like a cake – once eggs, flour, and sugar are baked together, you cannot easily get the original ingredients back.
类比：化合物就像烤好的蛋糕——鸡蛋、面粉和糖一经烘焙，就很难恢复原状。
Molecule: A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. It is the smallest unit of a compound that retains its chemical properties.
分子：由两个或以上原子通过共价键结合在一起的集团，是保持化合物化学性质的最小单元。
Memory image: 'Molecule' sounds like 'molecular', imagine tiny clusters of atoms holding hands.
记忆图像：“Molecule”让人想到分子，想象微小的原子团手拉手。
Chemical formula: A combination of symbols and numbers that shows the types and numbers of atoms in a substance.
化学式：用元素符号和数字表示物质中各原子种类及数目的式子。
Example: H₂O tells us water has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Think of 'H2O' as 'H-two-O'.
例子：H₂O 表示水含有两个氢原子和一个氧原子。把 H₂O 想成“H-二-O”。
Subscript: The small number written slightly below the line in a formula, indicating the number of atoms of the element before it. For instance, the '2' in H₂O.
下标：化学式中写在元素符号右下角的小数字，表示该原子的数目。如 H₂O 中的“2”。
Quick fix: 'Sub' means below, so subscript is the number written below the line.
速记：“Sub”意为下方，所以下标就是写在行下的数字。
Mixture: Two or more substances that are not chemically combined and can be separated by physical means.
混合物：两种或多种未发生化学结合、可通过物理方法分离的物质。
Comparison: Unlike compounds, mixtures can have variable composition – like a salad where you can pick out the tomatoes.
比较：与化合物不同，混合物的组成比例是可变的——就像一份沙拉，你能把番茄挑出来。
4. Chemical vs Physical Changes | 化学变化与物理变化
A clear understanding of these two processes will help you categorise reactions correctly.
清楚地理解这两个过程，能帮你准确地给反应分类。
| Physical Change | Chemical Change |
|---|---|
| No new substances are formed. | New substances are formed. |
| 通常是可逆的。 | Usually irreversible (often hard to reverse). |
| Examples: melting ice, boiling water. | Examples: burning wood, rusting iron. |
Physical change: A change where no new chemical substances are produced, such as melting or dissolving. The particles themselves stay the same.
物理变化：没有新化学物质生成的变化，如熔化或溶解。微粒本身没有改变。
Memory: Think 'physical' like changing shape – you are still the same person even if you change your hairstyle.
记忆：“物理”就像改变形状——即使换了发型，你还是同一个人。
Chemical change: A reaction in which new chemical substances are formed and energy is often taken in or given out.
化学变化：生成新化学物质、常伴随能量吸收或释放的反应。
Visual trick: A chemical change is like baking bread – you start with dough and end up with a completely different product that cannot be turned back into dough.
视觉技巧：化学变化就像烤面包——你从面团开始，最终得到截然不同的产品，再也变不回面团。
Reactant: A substance that takes part in and is changed during a chemical reaction.
反应物：参与化学反应并被改变的物质。
Think: 'Reactant' enters the reaction. It is the starting material.
思考：“反应物”参与反应，是起始物质。
Product: A substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction.
产物：化学反应生成的新物质。
Link: Product is what you 'produce' at the end, like the final dish from your recipe.
联系：产物就是你最终“产出”的东西，就像菜谱的最终成品。
Precipitate: An insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution during a chemical reaction.
沉淀：在化学反应中从液体溶液中析出的不溶性固体。
Memory phrase: 'Precipitate' sounds like 'precipice' – the solid falls out of the solution like falling off a cliff.
记忆短语：“precipitate”谐音“precipice（悬崖）”——固体从溶液中析出，就像从悬崖上掉落。
5. Writing Chemical Equations | 书写化学方程式
he names of the reactants and products. For example: magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide.
文字方程式：用反应物和产物的名称来描述化学反应的方法。例如：镁 + 氧气 → 氧化镁。
Simple start: Write the story of the reaction in words before translating to symbols.
简单起步：先用文字写出反应的“故事”，再转译成符号。
: A shorthand representation using chemical symbols and formulas, such as 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO.
符号方程式：用化学符号和化学式表示的简短形式，如 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO。
Tip: A symbol equation must always be balanced to obey the law of conservation of mass.
提示：符号方程式必须配平，遵循质量守恒定律。
Law of conservation of mass: In a chemical reaction, atoms are neither created nor destroyed; the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.
质量守恒定律：在化学反应中，原子既不会被创造也不会被消灭；反应物的总质量等于产物的总质量。
Memory: Think of a set of building blocks – the number of blocks stays the same, just rearranged.
记忆：想象一组积木——积木的数量保持不变，只是重新排列。
State symbols: Small letters in brackets that show the physical state of a substance: (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, (g) for gas, and (aq) for aqueous (dissolved in water).
状态符号：括号中的小写字母，表示物质的物理状态：(s) 固态，(l) 液态，(g) 气态，(aq) 水溶液。
Recall phrase: 'SLG Aq' sounds like 'slug aqua' – imagine a slug in water to remember all four states.
记忆口诀：“SLG Aq”听起来像“slug aqua（水里的鼻涕虫）”——联想到一只在水里的鼻涕虫，记住四种状态。
Balancing equations: Adjusting the numbers in front of formulas (coefficients) so that the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides.
配平方程式：调整化学式前的系数，使每一类原子的数目在方程式两边相等。
Strategy: Start by balancing elements that appear in only one reactant and one product, and leave hydrogen and oxygen until last.
策略：先配平只在一种反应物和一种产物中出现的元素，将氢和氧留到最后处理。
6. Acids, Alkalis and the pH Scale | 酸、碱与pH标度
Published by TutorHao | Year 9 Chemistry Revision Series | aleveler.com
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