📚 Year 9 CCEA Music: Key Terminology Quick Guide | Year 9 CCEA 音乐：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering musical terminology is essential for CCEA Year 9 Music students. This guide provides a quick, bilingual reference to help you memorise key terms for performing, composing, and listening exams. Each section pairs Italian, French and English musical vocabulary with clear Chinese explanations and memory hacks to make revision faster and more effective.
掌握音乐术语对 CCEA 九年级音乐学生至关重要。本指南以中英双语速记表的形式，帮助你牢记演奏、创作和听力考试中的关键术语。每个小节都将意大利语、法语和英语的音乐词汇与清晰的中文释义配对，并提供记忆窍门，让复习更高效。
1. Dynamics & Expression | 力度与表情术语
Piano (p) – Italian for "soft". Imagine pressing a key gently as if whispering.
Piano (p) – 意大利文意为“轻柔”。像耳语一样轻轻触键。
Forte (f) – means "loud". Think of a strong, bold voice.
Forte (f) – 表示“响亮”。想象一个坚定有力的声音。
Mezzo piano (mp) – moderately soft, literally "half soft".
Mezzo piano (mp) – 中弱，字面意思是“半柔”。
Mezzo forte (mf) – moderately loud, "half strong".
Mezzo forte (mf) – 中强，“半强”。
Fortissimo (ff) – very loud. Double the power of forte.
Fortissimo (ff) – 非常响亮。比 f 再强一倍。
Pianissimo (pp) – very soft, the quietest dynamic you might see.
Pianissimo (pp) – 很弱，你可能见到的最轻柔的力度。
Crescendo (cresc.) – gradually getting louder. Picture a hairpin opening up: <.
Crescendo (渐强) – 音量逐渐变大。想象发夹逐渐张开的形状：<。
Diminuendo (dim.) / Decrescendo – gradually getting softer. The opposite shape: >.
Diminuendo (渐弱) / Decrescendo – 音量逐渐变小。形状相反：>。
Sforzando (sfz) – a sudden, strong accent on a single note or chord.
Sforzando (sfz) – 单个音或和弦上突发的重音。
Memory tip: Link piano to 'p' for 'pressing softly' and forte to 'f' for 'forceful'. The 'mezzo' versions are just halfway steps.
记忆技巧：将 piano 和 “轻柔按键” 的首字母 p 联系，forte 和 “用力” 的 f 联系。带有 mezzo 的术语就是折中的力度。
| Symbol | English Meaning | 中文含义 |
|---|---|---|
| pp | very soft | 很弱 |
| p | soft | 弱 |
| mp | moderately soft | 中弱 |
| mf | moderately loud | 中强 |
| f | loud | 强 |
| ff | very loud | 很强 |
| cresc. / < | gradually louder | 渐强 |
| dim. / > | gradually softer | 渐弱 |
2. Tempo & Speed | 速度与变化术语
Largo – very slow and broad. Think "large, sweeping movements".
Largo – 非常缓慢而宽广。想象“大幅挥动”的动作。
Adagio – slow and stately. "At ease", like a relaxed walk.
Adagio – 缓慢而庄严。“从容地”，如悠闲散步。
Andante – at a walking pace. Italian for "going". Picture someone strolling.
Andante – 行板，步行的速度。意大利语意为“行走”。想象有人在溜达。
Moderato – moderate speed, not too fast nor too slow.
Moderato – 中速，不快不慢。
Allegro – fast, cheerful, lively. Think "allegro = alert + go!"
Allegro – 快板，欢快活泼。联想“allegro = alert + go!”。
Vivace – very lively and fast, even brisker than Allegro.
Vivace – 非常活泼而快速，比 Allegro 更快。
Presto – extremely fast. "Presto" like a magician’s "presto change!"
Presto – 急板，极快。像魔术师喊的“presto 变!”。
Accelerando (accel.) – gradually speeding up. Imagine your footsteps accelerating.
Accelerando (渐快) – 速度逐渐加快。想象脚步越来越快。
Rallentando (rall.) – gradually slowing down. "Rall" like pulling a rail to brake.
Rallentando (渐慢) – 逐渐放慢。“rall”像拉下刹车杆。
Ritardando (rit.) – also gradually slower, often used interchangeably with rallentando.
Ritardando (rit.) – 也是渐慢，常与 rallentando 互换使用。
A tempo – return to the original speed after a tempo change.
A tempo – 回到原速，在速度变化后恢复原来的速度。
3. Articulation & Playing Techniques | 演奏法与技巧术语
Legato – smooth and connected. No breaks between notes, like a flowing ribbon.
Legato (连奏) – 平滑连贯，音符间没有断裂，像一条流动的丝带。
Staccato – short and detached. Think of bouncing a ball: short, separate bounces.
Staccato (断奏) – 短促分离。想象拍球时一下一下的弹跳。
Tenuto – held for its full value, sometimes slightly stressed. The line over the note means "hold it".
Tenuto (保持音) – 音符奏足时值，有时轻微强调。音符上的横线表示“保持”。
Accent (>) – a sudden emphasis on a note. Like raising your voice on a word.
Accent (重音, >) – 对一个音突然加强。如同说话时加重语气。
Pizzicato (pizz.) – for string instruments, pluck the string with fingers instead of using the bow.
Pizzicato (拨弦) – 弦乐器用指尖拨弦，而不是用弓拉奏。
Arco – with the bow. It directs string players to bow again after a pizzicato passage.
Arco (用弓拉奏) – 使用弓演奏。告诉弦乐手在拨弦段落结束后恢复拉奏。
4. Pitch & Melody | 音高与旋律术语
Treble Clef (𝄞) – also called the G clef, used for higher-pitched instruments and the right hand of piano.
高音谱号 (𝄞) – 又称 G 谱号，用于高音乐器和钢琴右手部分。
Bass Clef (𝄢) – F clef, used for low-pitched instruments and left hand of piano.
低音谱号 (𝄢) – F 谱号，用于低音乐器和钢琴左手部分。
Sharp (♯) – raises a note by a semitone. Looks like a hashtag.
升号 (♯) – 将一个音升高半音。看起来像井号。
Flat (♭) – lowers a note by a semitone. Resembles a lowercase 'b'.
降号 (♭) – 将一个音降低半音。像一个小写字母 b。
Natural (♮) – cancels a sharp or flat, returning the note to its original pitch.
还原号 (♮) – 取消升降号，把音恢复到原来高度。
Interval – the distance between two pitches, measured in steps and semitones.
音程 – 两个音之间的音高距离，以半音和全音为单位。
Scale – a series of notes ordered by pitch, like the major and minor scales.
音阶 – 按照音高顺序排列的一系列音，如大调音阶和小调音阶。
Tonic – the first note (home note) of a scale. Think "tonic = tone centre".
主音 – 音阶的第一个音（基础音）。联想“tonic 是音调的中心”。
Dominant – the fifth note of a scale, the strongest after the tonic.
属音 – 音阶的第五级音，力度仅次于主音。
5. Rhythm & Metre | 节奏与节拍术语
Semibreve (𝅝) – whole note, held for 4 beats in 4/4 time.
全音符 (𝅝) – 四四拍中持续 4 拍。
Minim (𝅗𝅥) – half note, 2 beats.
二分音符 (𝅗𝅥) – 2 拍。
Crotchet (♩) – quarter note, 1 beat.
四分音符 (♩) – 1 拍。
Quaver (♪) – eighth note, half a beat. Two quavers ♪♪ equal one crotchet.
八分音符 (♪) – 半拍，两个八分音符 ♪♪ 等于一个四分音符。
Semiquaver (𝅘𝅥𝅯) – sixteenth note, a quarter of a beat.
十六分音符 (𝅘𝅥𝅯) – 四分之一拍。
Dotted note – a dot after a note increases its length by half. E.g., a dotted minim = 3 beats.
附点音符 – 音符后的附点使它延长一半时值，例如附点二分音符 = 3 拍。
Time signature: 2/4 – two crotchet beats per bar, simple duple.
拍号 2/4 – 每小节两拍，以四分音符为一拍，单二拍子。
Time signature: 3/4 – three crotchet beats per bar, simple triple. Waltz feel.
拍号 3/4 – 每小节三拍，单三拍子，华尔兹的感觉。
Time signature: 4/4 or C – four crotchet beats per bar, common time.
拍号 4/4 或 C – 每小节四拍，普通拍子。
Syncopation – rhythm stress on a normally weak beat, creating an off-beat feel.
切分音 – 节奏重音落在通常的弱拍上，产生摇摆感。
6. Texture | 织体术语
Monophonic – a single melodic line without accompaniment. Everyone sings or plays the same tune in unison.
单声织体 (Monophonic) – 只有一条旋律线，没有伴奏。所有人齐唱或齐奏同一曲调。
Homophonic – melody with chordal accompaniment. Most pop songs and hymns are homophonic: melody plus chords moving together.
主调织体 (Homophonic) – 主旋律配和弦伴奏。大多数流行歌曲和赞美诗都是主调织体：旋律与和弦同步进行。
Polyphonic / Contrapuntal – two or more independent melodic lines woven together. Think of a round like "Frère Jacques".
复调织体 (Polyphonic) – 两条或多条独立旋律交织在一起。类似轮唱曲“两只老虎”。
Heterophonic – simultaneous variations of the same melody, common in some folk traditions.
支声复调 (Heterophonic) – 同一条旋律被同时演奏出略有变化的版本，常见于某些民间音乐。
7. Structure & Form | 曲式与结构术语
Binary (AB) – two distinct sections, often repeated (AABB). Like a question and answer.
二段体 (AB) – 两个对比段落，常各自反复 (AABB)。如同问与答。
Ternary (ABA) – three sections where the first section returns after a contrasting middle. "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" follows ABA.
三段体 (ABA) – 三个段落，对比中段后第一段再现。例如“小星星”就采用了 ABA 曲式。
Rondo – a recurring main theme alternates with contrasting episodes (ABACA). The "A" keeps coming back.
回旋曲 – 主题重复出现，与穿插的不同段落交替 (ABACA)。主旋律 A 总是回来。
Theme and Variations – a main tune is followed by altered versions (changes in rhythm, harmony, texture, etc.).
主题与变奏 – 主旋律之后呈现出若干变奏版本（节奏、和声、织体等发生变化）。
Introduction / Coda – an opening section (intro) and a closing section (coda) that frame the main music.
引子 / 尾声 – 开场段落（引子）和结束段落（尾声），为主体音乐添加框架。
8. Instrumental Families & Voice Types | 乐器家族与声乐类型
Strings – violin, viola, cello, double bass, harp. Sound produced by bowing, plucking or striking strings.
弦乐器 – 小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴、竖琴。通过拉弓、拨弦或击弦发声。
Woodwind – flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon. Sound produced by blowing air across a reed or mouthpiece.
木管乐器 – 长笛、单簧管、双簧管、巴松管。通过吹奏簧片或吹嘴发声。
Brass – trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba. Sound produced by buzzing lips into a mouthpiece.
铜管乐器 – 小号、法国号、长号、大号。通过嘴唇振动吹口发声。
Percussion – tuned: xylophone, timpani; untuned: snare drum, cymbals, triangle. Sound by striking or shaking.
打击乐器 – 有固定音高：木琴、定音鼓；无固定音高：小军鼓、镲、三角铁。通过敲击或摇动发声。
Keyboard instruments – piano, organ, harpsichord. Piano is both string and percussion.
键盘乐器 – 钢琴、管风琴、羽管键琴。钢琴兼具弦乐与打击乐特性。
Soprano – highest female voice.
女高音 – 女性最高声部。
Alto – low female voice; also the lower treble voice in choirs.
女低音 – 女性低声部；合唱中也是较高音的低声部。
Tenor – high male voice, often the leading male part.
男高音 – 男性高音声部，常担任主角。
Bass – lowest male voice, providing the harmonic foundation.
男低音 – 男性最低声部，提供和声基础。
9. Harmony & Tonality | 和声与调性术语
Major – a bright, happy-sounding tonality. The scale pattern: T-T-s-T-T-T-s.
大调 – 明亮愉悦的调性。音阶结构：全-全-半-全-全-全-半。
Minor – a sad or serious tonality. The natural minor pattern: T-s-T-T-s-T-T.
小调 – 忧伤严肃的调性。自然小调音阶：全-半-全-全-半-全-全。
Triad – a three-note chord built by stacking thirds (e.g., C-E-G). The basic building block of harmony. Published by TutorHao | Year 9 音乐 Revision Series | aleveler.com
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