📚 Case Study Practical Exercises | 案例分析实战演练
Economics is not just about memorising terms; it is about understanding real-world decisions. This article presents a series of case-study exercises designed for Year 9 CCEA Economics students. By working through scenarios like a lemonade stand, a second-hand book fair, and online businesses, you will sharpen your ability to apply core concepts such as scarcity, opportunity cost, demand, supply and market equilibrium. Each section takes you step by step from identifying the economic problem to analysing outcomes, helping you think like an economist.
经济学不仅仅是背诵术语，而是要理解现实世界中的决策。本文为 CCEA 九年级经济学学生设计了一系列案例分析实战练习。通过柠檬水摊、旧书义卖和线上小生意等情境，你将强化运用稀缺性、机会成本、需求、供给和市场均衡等核心概念的能力。每个部分都带你一步步从识别经济问题到分析结果，帮助你像经济学家一样思考。
1. What is a Case Study? | 什么是案例分析？
A case study is a detailed examination of a specific real-world or fictional situation that requires you to apply economic concepts to decode decisions, trade-offs and outcomes. It transforms abstract theories into concrete problems.
案例分析是对特定真实或虚构情境的详细考察，需要你运用经济概念来解读决策、权衡和结果。它能把抽象理论转变为具体问题。
For Year 9 CCEA pupils, a case study might involve a pocket-money dilemma, a school fete stall or a small business startup. You are asked to identify the scarcity problem, consider alternatives and predict the consequences of each choice.
对于 CCEA 九年级学生，案例可能涉及零用钱难题、学校义卖摊位或小企业创业。你被要求识别稀缺性问题，考虑备选方案并预测每种选择的后果。
By practising with case studies, you start to approach everyday decisions with an economist's toolkit: asking 'what is the opportunity cost?', 'how do incentives change behaviour?' and 'what happens when we reach equilibrium?'.
通过操练案例，你开始用经济学家的工具箱处理日常决策：追问“机会成本是什么？”、“激励如何改变行为？”以及“达到均衡时会发生什么？”。
2. Case 1: Xiao Ming's Weekend Budget | 案例一：小明的周末预算
Xiao Ming receives £15 pocket money each Saturday. This weekend, he has two wishes: catch the new blockbuster at the cinema (£10 per ticket) and buy the latest graphic novel (£8). He only has £15, so he cannot enjoy both.
小明每周六得到 15 英镑零用钱。这个周末他有两个愿望：去影院看新上映的大片（每张票 10 英镑）和买最新的图画小说（8 英镑）。他只有 15 英镑，无法两样都享受。
This everyday dilemma perfectly illustrates the fundamental economic problem of scarcity – unlimited wants confronting limited resources. Xiao Ming has to make a choice.
这个日常困境完美地说明了基本经济问题 – 稀缺性，即无限的需求遭遇有限的资源。小明必须做出选择。
The moment he decides, the concept of opportunity cost arises: the value of the next best alternative that he must forgo. Scarcity forces him to prioritise.
在他做出决定的瞬间，机会成本的概念就产生了：他必须放弃的次优选择的价值。稀缺性迫使他分出轻重缓急。
3. Calculating Opportunity Cost | 计算机会成本
If Xiao Ming chooses the cinema, his opportunity cost is the graphic novel he gives up. Crucially, opportunity cost is not just the £8 price tag; it includes the enjoyment, knowledge and relaxation he would have gained from reading the story.
如果小明选择看电影，他的机会成本就是他放弃的图画小说。关键是，机会成本不只是 8 英镑的标价，还包括他从阅读故事中本可获得的乐趣、知识和放松。
Opportunity cost also involves time. Watching the film uses two hours that could have been spent reading the novel. Thus, the full cost of the cinema trip is the forgone book plus the alternative use of his time.
机会成本还涉及时间。看电影花去两小时，这些时间本可以用来读小说。因此，电影之旅的全部成本是放弃的书 加上 时间的其他用途。
Opportunity Cost = Return on Chosen Option − Return on Next Best Alternative
机会成本 = 所选选项的收益 − 次优选项的收益
In practice, we often simplify this to “what you must sacrifice”. For Xiao Ming, choosing the film means the novel is the sacrifice. Recognising opportunity cost helps people and businesses make better-informed decisions.
在实践中，我们往往简化成“你必须牺牲的东西”。对小明来说，选择电影意味着小说就是牺牲。认识机会成本有助于人们和企业做出更明智的决策。
4. Applying the Law of Demand at a Lemonade Stand | 需求定律在柠檬水摊的应用
Now imagine Xiao Ming sets up a lemonade stall at the school summer fete. He observes that when he lowers the price per cup, sales shoot up. This demonstrates the law of demand: as price falls, quantity demanded rises, and as price rises, quantity demanded falls, assuming other factors stay the same (ceteris paribus).
现在想象小明在学校的夏日义卖上摆了一个柠檬水摊。他注意到当每杯价格降低时，销量猛增。这展示了需求定律：在其他条件不变（其他条件相同）的情况下，价格下降则需求量上升，价格上升则需求量下降。
The table below shows a hypothetical demand schedule for Xiao Ming's lemonade over one hour. Notice the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.
下表显示了小明柠檬水一小时内假设的需求表。注意价格和需求量之间的反向关系。
| Price per cup (£) | Quantity demanded (cups) |
|---|---|
| 1.00 | 20 |
| 0.80 | 30 |
| 0.60 | 45 |
| 0.50 | 广告 / Sponsored 环球网校中级经济师2026年教材人力资源管理师金融财政税收工商管理实务建筑与房地产经济基础知识历年真题试卷官方中国人事… 经济 备考教辅 · 正版现货 · 与本文内容相关 查看详情 / View on Taobao参考价 ¥54.8
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信） 备考资讯每日更新，关注不错过 考纲变化 · 科目分析 · 学习方法  在微信里长按二维码识别关注 或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图 公众号：tutorhao |