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Year 9 CCEA Chemistry: Formula & Theorems Quick Reference Handbook | Year 9 CCEA 化学:公式定理速查手册

2026-07-18 18:38 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Year 9 CCEA Chemistry: Formula & Theorems Quick Reference Handbook | Year 9 CCEA 化学:公式定理速查手册

Welcome to your go-to revision guide for Year 9 CCEA Chemistry. This handbook brings together the essential formulas, laws, and rules you need to master the subject, from atomic structure and chemical equations to acids, the periodic table, and electrolysis. Each section offers clear explanations paired with quick-reference formulas to boost your confidence for tests and exams.

欢迎使用 Year 9 CCEA 化学公式定理速查手册。本手册汇集了你需要掌握的核心公式、定律和规则,涵盖原子结构、化学方程式、酸、元素周期表和电解等主题。每个小节提供清晰的解释与速查公式,帮助你自信应对测验和考试。


1. Atomic Structure Numbers | 原子结构相关数字

The identity of every atom is defined by three key numbers: atomic number, mass number, and the number of neutrons. These quantities are linked by straightforward relationships.

每个原子的身份由三个关键数字定义:原子序数、质量数和中子数。这些量之间有着简单的关系。

Atomic Number (Z) = Number of Protons

原子序数 (Z) = 质子数

For a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, so Z also gives the electron count.

对于中性原子,电子数等于质子数,因此 Z 也给出了电子数。

Mass Number (A) = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons

质量数 (A) = 质子数 + 中子数

From these, the number of neutrons is calculated as: N = A - Z.

由此,中子数的计算公式为:中子数 = A - Z。


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2. Relative Atomic Mass & Formula Mass | 相对原子质量与化学式量

Relative atomic mass (Aᵣ) compares the average mass of an atom of an element to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. It has no units.

相对原子质量 (Aᵣ) 是将一个元素原子的平均质量与碳-12原子质量的1/12进行比较。它没有单位。

To find the relative formula mass (Mᵣ) of a compound, add together the relative atomic masses of all the atoms in its formula.

要计算化合物的相对化学式量 (Mᵣ),只需将化学式中所有原子的相对原子质量相加。

Mᵣ = Σ(Aᵣ of element × number of atoms)

相对化学式量 = Σ(元素的相对原子质量 × 原子个数)

Example – water H₂O: Mᵣ = (2 × 1) + 16 = 18.

例如:水 H₂O 的相对化学式量 = (2×1) + 16 = 18。


3. Rules for Writing Chemical Formulae | 书写化学式的规则

Chemical formulae show the types and numbers of atoms in a substance. Follow these rules when constructing formulae from ion charges or valencies.

化学式表示物质中原子的种类和数目。根据离子电荷或化合价书写化学式时,请遵守以下规则。