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Year 9 WJEC Spanish: Quick Revision Formula Handbook | Year 9 WJEC 西班牙语:公式定理速查手册

2026-07-18 17:11 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Year 9 WJEC Spanish: Quick Revision Formula Handbook | Year 9 WJEC 西班牙语:公式定理速查手册

This handbook compiles the essential grammatical 'formulas' and 'theorems' for Year 9 WJEC Spanish, turning complex rules into easy-to-memorise patterns. Use it to quickly check verb endings, article agreements, question structures and more.

本手册汇编了 Year 9 WJEC 西班牙语的基本语法“公式”和“定理”,将复杂的规则转化为易于记忆的模式。用它快速查阅动词词尾、冠词配合、疑问句结构等。

1. Definite & Indefinite Articles: The Building Blocks | 定冠词与不定冠词:基础构建块

The definite article 'the' has four forms that must agree with the noun in gender and number: el (masculine singular), la (feminine singular), los (masculine plural), las (feminine plural). The formula is simply [definite article] + [noun], e.g. el libro, la mesa, los libros, las mesas.

定冠词有四种形式,必须与名词的性和数一致:el(阳性单数)、la(阴性单数)、los(阳性复数)、las(阴性复数)。公式就是 [定冠词] + [名词],例如 el libro(书)、la mesa(桌子)、los libros、las mesas。

For the indefinite article 'a/an/some' the pattern is: un (masculine singular), una (feminine singular), unos (masculine plural), unas (feminine plural). The plural forms often translate as 'some'. Example: un chico, una chica, unos chicos, unas chicas.

不定冠词的规律是:un(阳性单数)、una(阴性单数)、unos(阳性复数)、unas(阴性复数)。复数形式常表示“一些”。例如:un chico(一个男孩)、una chica(一个女孩)、unos chicos、unas chicas。


2. Noun Gender & Number: The Pattern Behind the Words | 名词的性与数:单词背后的规律

Most nouns ending in -o are masculine, while those ending in -a are feminine. There are notable exceptions such as el día (day) and la mano (hand). The gender of a noun determines which article and adjective form you use, so always learn the gender together with the noun.

大多数以 -o 结尾的名词是阳性,以 -a 结尾的是阴性。也有明显的例外,如 el día(天)和 la mano(手)。名词的性决定使用哪种冠词和形容词形式,因此学习名词时务必同时记住其性别。

To form the plural, apply this formula: if a noun ends in a vowel, add -s (casa → casas). If it ends in a consonant, add -es (papel → papeles). For nouns ending in -z, change the z to c and add -es (lápiz → lápices).

构成复数的公式:如果名词以元音结尾,加 -s(casa → casas)。如果以辅音结尾,加 -es(papel → papeles)。以 -z 结尾的名词,将 z 改为 c 再加 -es(lápiz → lápices)。


3. Adjective Agreement: The Matching Game | 形容词一致:配对游戏

Adjectives change their ending to match the gender and number of the noun they describe. The basic formula is: [noun] + [adjective with matching ending]. For adjectives ending in -o, use -o for masculine singular, -a for feminine singular, -os for masculine plural and -as for feminine plural. Example: un libro rojo (a red book), una mesa roja, unos libros rojos, unas mesas rojas.

形容词需通过词尾变化来与所修饰名词的性和数保持一致。基本公式是:[名词] + [形容词匹配词尾]。对于以 -o 结尾的形容词,阳性单数用 -o,阴性单数用 -a,阳性复数用 -os,阴性复数用 -as。例如:un libro rojo(一本红色的书)、una mesa roja(一张红色的桌子)、unos libros rojos、unas mesas rojas。

Adjectives that end in -e or a consonant have a simpler formula: they only change for number, adding -s or -es. Position matters too — descriptive adjectives usually come after the noun, e.g. un coche grande (a big car), unos coches grandes.

以 -e 或辅音结尾的形容词公式更简单:它们只进行数的变化,加 -s 或 -es。位置也很重要——描述性形容词通常位于名词之后,如 un coche grande(一辆大汽车)、unos coches grandes(一些大汽车)。


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4. Present Tense Regular Verbs: The -AR, -ER, -IR Formulas | 现在时规则动词:-AR, -ER, -IR 公式

To conjugate a regular -ar verb like hablar (to speak), remove the -ar and add these endings: yo -o, tú -as, él/ella/usted -a, nosotros/as -amos, vosotros/as -áis, ellos/ellas/ustedes -an. The complete pattern is: hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan.

要变位规则 -ar 动词如 hablar(说话),去掉 -ar 并添加以下词尾:yo -o、tú -as、él/ella/usted -a、nosotros/as -amos、vosotros/as -áis、ellos/ellas/ustedes -an。完整模式为:hablo, hablas, habla, hablamos, habláis, hablan。

For regular -er verbs like comer (to eat), substitute the endings: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en → como, comes, come, comemos, coméis, comen. For -ir verbs like vivir (to live), the endings are -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en → vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, vivís, viven. The difference only appears in the 'we' and 'you (plural)' forms.

对于规则 -er 动词如 comer(吃),代入词尾:-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en → como, comes, come, comemos, coméis, comen。对于 -ir 动词如 vivir(居住),词尾为 -o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en → vivo, vives, vive, vivimos, vivís, viven。区别仅在“我们”和“你们”的人称上体现。


5. Key Irregular Verbs: Ser, Estar, Tener, Ir | 关键不规则动词:Ser, Estar, Tener, Ir

Four verbs must be memorised because they do not follow regular patterns. Ser (to be, permanent): soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son. Estar (to be, temporary/location): estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están. Think 'How you feel and where you are, always use estar'.

有四个动词必须牢记,因为它们不遵循规则模式。Ser(是,表示永久特征):soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son。Estar(在/处于,表示临时状态或位置):estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están。记住:“感受和位置用 estar”。

Tener (to have) is stem-changing: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen. Note the g in yo and the stem change e → ie. Ir (to go) is highly irregular: voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van. Use these as building blocks for many phrases.

Tener(有)是词干变化动词:tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen。注意 yo 形的 g 以及 e → ie 的词干变化。Ir(去)是高度不规则的:voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van。利用这些动词可以搭建许多短语。


6. The Verb Gustar: A Different Kind of Formula | 动词 Gustar:一种不同的公式

Gustar actually means 'to be pleasing' and works backwards compared to English. The formula is: [indirect object pronoun] + gusta/gustan + [thing liked]. Use gusta for singular nouns and infinitives, gustan for plural nouns. The pronouns are: me (to me), te (to you), le (to him/her/you formal), nos (to us), os (to you plural), les (to them/you plural formal). Example: Me gusta el chocolate (I like chocolate, literally 'Chocolate is pleasing to me').

Gustar 实际意为“使喜欢”,与英语语序相反。公式是:[间接宾语代词] + gusta/gustan + [被喜欢之物]。单数名词和原形动词用 gusta,复数名词用 gustan。代词:me(对我)、te(对你)、le(对他/她/您)、nos(对我们)、os(对你们)、les(对他们/诸位)。例如:Me gusta el chocolate(我喜欢巧克力,直译“巧克力对我而言是令人喜欢的”)。

When what you like is an action, always use the infinitive and gusta: Me gusta bailar (I like dancing). To clarify or emphasise, you can add Published by TutorHao | Year 9 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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