📚 Year 9 WJEC Computer Science: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 9 WJEC 计算机：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the language of computer science is the first step towards excelling in your WJEC Year 9 course. This guide breaks down the essential terms you'll encounter in algorithms, programming, hardware, networks, and more. Each term is paired with a clear definition and a simple memory trick—ideal for quick revision and classroom confidence.
掌握计算机科学的语言是你在 WJEC 九年级课程中取得优异成绩的第一步。本指南分解了你在算法、编程、硬件、网络等领域会遇到的关键术语。每个术语都配有清晰的定义和简单的记忆技巧，非常适合快速复习并增强课堂自信。
1. Algorithms and Flowcharts | 算法与流程图
Algorithm – A precise, step-by-step plan to solve a problem or complete a task. Think of it like a cooking recipe: if you follow each instruction in the right order, you get the correct dish. Memorise it as 'Al-go-rhythm' – a rhythm of logical steps.
算法 – 解决问题或完成任务的一系列精确步骤。把它想象成一份食谱：如果你按照正确的顺序执行每条指令，就能做出正确的菜肴。记作“算法如节奏”——逻辑步骤的韵律。
Flowchart – the steps in an algorithm. Oval = Start/End, Rectangle = Process, Diamond = Decision. Tip: 'Flow' because it shows the flow of control, and 'chart' like a map.
流程图 – 一种使用符号来表示算法步骤的图表。椭圆=开始/结束，矩形=处理步骤，菱形=判断。记住“流程”像水流一样展示控制流向，“图”就像一张地图。
Pseudocode – A way of writing algorithms using plain English mixed with programming keywords. It's not real code but helps you plan. Think pseudo (fake) + code.
伪代码 – 使用普通英语混合编程关键字来书写算法的方法。它不是真实的代码，但能帮助你规划。记住“伪”即假，“代码”即程序，假代码。
Trace Table – A table used to track the values of variables as an algorithm runs. It helps you spot errors in logic. Draw a table and 'trace' each line.
追踪表 – 用于跟踪算法运行时变量值变化的表格。它帮助你发现逻辑错误。画一张表，逐行“追踪”。
2. Programming Fundamentals | 编程基础
Variable – A named container that stores a value in memory, like a labelled box. The value can change while the program runs. Imagine a 'variable' box whose content can vary.
变量 – 内存中一个命名的容器，用于存储值，就像一个贴了标签的盒子。程序运行时值可以改变。想象一个“可变的”盒子。
Sequence – The order in which statements are executed, one after another. It's the simplest programming structure: do this, then do that. Remember 'sequence' like a sequence of events in a story.
顺序 – 语句按先后顺序一条接一条执行。这是最简单的程序结构：做这个，然后做那个。联想故事的“顺序”。
Selection – Making a decision in a program using conditions, e.g., if-else statements. The program selects which path to follow. Keywords: IF, THEN, ELSE.
选择 – 程序中使用条件进行决策，例如 if-else 语句。程序选择要走的路径。关键词：如果、那么、否则。
Iteration (Loop) – Repeating a block of code multiple times. Types: count-controlled (FOR loop) and condition-controlled (WHILE loop). Think 're-iterate' – to repeat.
迭代（循环） – 多次重复执行一段代码。类型：计数控制（FOR 循环）和条件控制（WHILE 循环）。联想“重复”一词。
3. Data Types and Structures | 数据类型与结构
Integer – A whole number data type, e.g., 7, -3, 2048. No decimal point. 'Integer' sounds like 'integral' or complete number.
整型 – 整数数据类型，如 7、-3、2048。没有小数点。'Integer' 与 'integral'（完整的）相关。
String – A sequence of characters (letters, digits, symbols) treated as text, e.g., 'Hello'. Imagine a string of beads – each bead is a character.
字符串 – 一串字符（字母、数字、符号），被视为文本，如 'Hello'。想象一串珠子，每颗珠子是一个字符。
Boolean – A data type with only two possible values: TRUE or FALSE. Named after George Boole. Think of a light switch: on (true) or off (false).
布尔型 – 只有两个可能值的数据类型：真或假。以乔治·布尔命名。想象一个灯开关：开（真）或关（假）。
Array – A collection of elements of the same data type, stored under one variable name, accessed by an index. Like numbered lockers in a row. First index often 0.
数组 – 相同数据类型元素的集合，存储在一个变量名下，通过索引访问。像一排带编号的储物柜。第一个索引通常是0。
4. Computational Thinking | 计算思维
Decomposition – Breaking a complex problem down into smaller, more manageable parts. The word means 'to break apart'. Think of solving a jigsaw puzzle by sorting edge pieces first.
分解 – 将复杂问题拆解成更小、更易处理的部分。这个词意为“拆开”。想象拼图时先挑出边缘块。
Pattern Recognition – Identifying similarities or common patterns between different problems to save time. If you see a pattern, you can reuse a solution.
模式识别 – 识别不同问题之间的相似之处或共同模式以节省时间。如果看到一个模式，就可以复用解决方案。
Abstraction – Filtering out unnecessary details to focus on what's important. A map is an abstraction of reality: only roads are shown, not every tree.
抽象 – 过滤掉不必要的信息，专注于重要部分。地图就是现实的抽象：只显示道路，不显示每棵树。
Algorithmic Thinking – The ability to devise step-by-step solutions that can be followed by a computer. It's the core of programming logic.
算法思维 – 设计计算机可以遵循的逐步解决方案的能力。这是编程逻辑的核心。
5. Hardware: CPU, Memory and Storage | 硬件：处理器、内存与存储器
CPU (Central Processing Unit) – The 'brain' of the computer that carries out instructions. It performs the fetch-decode-execute cycle. Think 'Central' – it's the boss.
中央处理器 (CPU) – 计算机的“大脑”，执行指令。它执行取指-解码-执行周期。记住“中央”即核心。
RAM (Random Access Memory) – Volatile memory that stores data currently being used. When the power is off, RAM is wiped. 'Random Access' means any cell can be read/written in any order. Memory trick: RAM is like your desk space – cleared when you leave.
随机存取存储器 (RAM) – 易失性存储器，存储当前正在使用的数据。断电后，RAM 会被清空。“随机存取”指可以任意顺序读写任何单元。记忆：RAM就像你的桌面空间——离开时清空。
ROM (Read-Only Memory) – Non-volatile memory that stores firmware and the boot program. Its contents remain even when the computer is off. 'Read-Only' means you can't easily write to it.
只读存储器 (ROM) – 非易失性存储器，存储固件和启动程序。即使电脑关机，内容依然保留。“只读”意味着不能轻易写入。
Secondary Storage – Permanent storage like HDD (Hard Disk Drive), SSD (Solid State Drive), or USB. Keeps your files safe. It's not directly accessed by the CPU.
辅助存储器 – 永久存储，如硬盘驱动器、固态硬盘或U盘。保存你的文件。CPU 不能直接访问它。
6. Software: Systems and Applications | 软件：系统与应用
Operating System (OS) – System software that manages hardware, runs applications, and provides a user interface. Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux. It's the 'operating' manager of the computer.
操作系统 – 管理硬件、运行应用程序并提供用户界面的系统软件。例如：Windows、macOS、Linux。它是计算机的“运作”经理。
Application Software – Programs designed for end-users to perform specific tasks
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