📚 Year 9 WJEC Maths: Key Vocabulary & Terminology Quick-Reference Guide | Year 9 WJEC 数学:词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the language of mathematics is a vital step towards success in Year 9 WJEC Maths. This guide provides clear, bilingual definitions of the key terms you will meet across number, algebra, geometry, statistics and more. Understanding this vocabulary will help you read questions accurately, explain your reasoning clearly and tackle problems with confidence.
掌握数学语言是 Year 9 WJEC 数学成功的关键一步。本指南为你提供数字、代数、几何、统计等模块中关键术语的清晰中英双语定义。理解这些词汇将帮助你准确审题、清晰表达推理过程,并自信地解决问题。
1. Number and Place Value | 数字与位值
Integer: A whole number that can be positive, negative or zero. Examples: -7, 0, 42.
整数: 可以是正数、负数或零的整数。例如:-7、0、42。
Digit: A single numerical symbol from 0 to 9. The number 305 has three digits.
数字(数位): 从 0 到 9 的单个数字符号。数字 305 有三个数位。
Place value: The value of a digit depending on its position in a number. In 4.28, the digit 2 has a place value of two tenths.
位值: 数字中某一位数因其位置而具有的值。在 4.28 中,数字 2 的位值是十分之二。
Greater than (>) / Less than (<): Symbols used to compare two values. 5 > 2 means '5 is greater than 2', and -1 < 4 means '-1 is less than 4'.
大于 (>) / 小于 (<): 用于比较两个值的符号。5 > 2 表示“5 大于 2”,-1 < 4 表示“-1 小于 4”。
Rounding: Making a number simpler by keeping its value close to the original. You may round to a given number of decimal places (e.g. 3.57 to 1 decimal place becomes 3.6) or to significant figures (e.g. 0.0456 to 2 significant figures becomes 0.046).
四舍五入: 通过保持数值接近原数来简化数字。你可按给定的小数位数(如 3.57 保留 1 位小数为 3.6)或有效数字(如 0.0456 保留 2 位有效数字为 0.046)来取近似值。
2. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages | 分数、小数与百分比
Numerator and denominator: In the fraction 3/8, the numerator is 3 (the top number) and the denominator is 8 (the bottom number).
分子与分母: 在分数 3/8 中,分子是 3(上面的数),分母是 8(下面的数)。
Equivalent fractions: Fractions that represent the same value, such as 1/2, 2/4 and 5/10.
等价分数: 表示相同值的分数,如 1/2、2/4 和 5/10。
Mixed number and improper fraction: A mixed number contains a whole number and a fraction, e.g. 2 1/3. An improper fraction has a numerator larger than its denominator, e.g. 7/3. They can be converted into each other.
带分数与假分数: 带分数包含一个整数与一个分数,如 2 1/3。假分数的分子大于分母,如 7/3。两者可以相互转换。
Terminating decimal: A decimal that ends after a finite number of digits, e.g. 0.25, 1.8. It arises from fractions whose denominator (in simplest form) has only prime factors 2 and/or 5.
有限小数: 在小数点后有有限位数的小数,例如 0.25、1.8。它来自分母(最简形式下)的质因数只有 2 和/或 5 的分数。
Recurring decimal: A decimal that repeats a digit or block of digits forever, e.g. 0.333... (0.3̅) or 0.142857142857... .
循环小数: 无限重复一位或一组数字的小数,例如 0.333…(0.3̅)或 0.142857142857…。
Percentage change: (change / original) × 100%. A price rise from £50 to £65 is a 30% increase.
百分比变化: (变化量 / 原值)× 100%。价格从 £50 涨到 £65 是增加了 30%。
3. Algebra Basics | 代数基础
Variable: A letter or symbol representing an unknown number, such as x or n.
变量: 表示未知数的字母或符号,如 x 或 n。
Term: A single number, variable or product of numbers and variables. In 5x² - 3y + 7, the terms are 5x², -3y and 7.
项: 一个数、变量或数与变量的乘积。在 5x² - 3y + 7 中,项为 5x²、-3y 和 7。
Coefficient: The number part of a term that contains a variable. In 4x, the coefficient is 4; in -y, it is -1.
系数: 含有变量的项中数字的部分。在 4x 中,系数为 4;在 -y 中,系数为 -1。
Constant: A term without any variables; a fixed number. In 2a + 9, the constant is 9.
常数: 不含变量的项;一个固定的数字。在 2a + 9 中,常数是 9。
Expression: A combination of terms using addition, subtraction, multiplication or division, without an equals sign. Example: 3x + 2y - 5.
表达式: 通过加、减、乘、除组合项而成,没有等号。例如:3x + 2y - 5。
Equation: l statement that two expressions are equal, shown by an equals sign. Example: 5n - 3 = 12.
方程: 表明两个表达式相等的数学语句,用等号表示。例如:5n - 3 = 12。
Simplify / collect like terms: Combine terms with the same variable parts. 2x + 5y - x + 3y simplifies to x + 8y.
化简 / 合并同类项: 合并具有相同变量部分的项。2x + 5y - x + 3y 化简为 x + 8y。
Expand: Multiply out brackets, e.g. 3(x + 4) expands to 3x + 12.
展开: 将括号乘开,例如 3(x + 4) 展开得到 3x + 12。
Factorise: Write an expression as a product of its factors, often by taking out the highest common factor. 4x + 10 factorises to 2(2x + 5).
因式分解: 将表达式写成因子的乘积形式,通常通过提取最高公因子。4x + 10 因式分解为 2(2x + 5)。
4. Equations and Inequalities | 等式和不等式
Solve: d : Find the value(s) of the unknown that make the equation true. Solving x + 7 = 15 gives x = 8.
解方程: 求出使方程成立的未知数的值。解 x + 7 = 15 得到 x = 8。
Solution / root: The value that satisfies an equation. x = 2 is the solution of 3x - 1 = 5.
解 / 根: 满足方程的值。x = 2 是方程 3x - 1 = 5 的解。
Inverse operation: An operation that reverses another. Addition and subtraction are inverses; multiplication and division are inverses.
逆运算: 一种与另一种运算相反的运算。加法与减法互为逆运算;乘法与除法互为逆运算。
Inequality: A statement comparing two expressions using < , > , ≤ or ≥ . Example: y > 3.
不等式: 使用 <、>、≤ 或 ≥ 比较两个表达式的语句。例如:y > 3。
≤ and ≥: ≤ means 'less than or equal to'; ≥ means 'greater than or equal to'. x ≤ 2 includes 2 and all numbers less than 2.
≤ 与 ≥: ≤ 表示“小于或等于”;≥ 表示“大于或等于”。x ≤ 2 包括 2 以及所有小于 2 的数。
Representing inequalities on a number line: r < or > (not including the number) and a closed circle for ≤ or ≥ (including the number).
在数轴上表示不等式: 使用空心圆表示 < 或 >(不包含该数),实心圆表示 ≤ 或 ≥(包含该数)。
5. Sequences and Patterns | 序列与规律
Sequence: An ordered list of numbers following a rule. Example: 2, 5, 8, 11, ...
序列: 按照某种规则排列的一列有序的数。例如:2, 5, 8, 11, …
Term: Each number in a sequence. The first term is often called T₁, the second T₂, and so on.
项: 序列中的每一个数。第一项常记作 T₁,第二项 T₂,以此类推。
Linear / arithmetic sequence: A sequence where the difference between consecutive terms is constant. In 4, 7, 10, 13,... the common difference is +3.
线性 / 等差数列: 连续两项之差为常数的序列。在 4, 7, 10, 13, … 中,公差为 +3。
Term-to-term rule: A rule showing how to get from one term to the next, e.g. 'add 3 each time'.
逐项递推规则: 说明如何从一项得到下一项的规则,例如“每次加 3”。
Position-to-term rule (nth term): A formula that gives any term based on its position n. For the sequence 5, 8, 11, 14,... the nth term is 3n + 2.
通项公式(第 n 项): 根据位置 n 给出任意一项的公式。对于序列 5, 8, 11, 14, …,第 n 项为 3n + 2。
6. Geometry: Angles and Lines | 几何:角与线
Acute angle: An angle measuring less than 90° but greater than 0°.
锐角: 大于 0° 且小于 90° 的角。
Right angle: An angle exactly equal to 90°.
直角: 恰好等于 90° 的角。
Obtuse angle: An angle greater than 90° and less than 180°.
钝角: 大于 90° 且小于 180° 的角。
Reflex angle: An angle greater than 180° and less than 360°.
优角: 大于 180° 且小于 360° 的角。
Complementary angles: Two angles that sum to 90°.
余角: 和为 90° 的两个角。
Supplementary angles: Two angles that sum to 180°.
补角: 和为 180° 的两个角。
Vertically opposite angles: When two lines cross, the opposite angles are equal. They are found at the same vertex.
对顶角: 当两条直线相交时,相对的两个角相等。它们共享同一个顶点。
Alternate, corresponding and co-interior angles: Formed by a transversal cutting parallel lines. Alternate angles (Z-shape) are equal. Corresponding angles (F-shape) are equal. Co-interior angles (C-shape) sum to 180°.
内错角、同位角与同旁内角: 由一条截线切割平行线形成。内错角(Z 形)相等。同位角(F 形)相等。同旁内角(C 形)和为 180°。
Sum of interior angles in a polygon: an : For an n-sided polygon, sum = (n - 2) × 180°. A hexagon (6 sides) has interior angle sum 720°.
多边形内角和: 对于 n 边形,内角和 = (n - 2) × 180°。六边形(6 条边)的内角和为 720°。
7. Geometry: Shapes, Area and Perimeter | 几何:形状、面积与周长
2D shapes: Examples: triangle (3 sides), quadrilateral (4 sides: square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus, trapezium), pentagon (5 sides), hexagon (6 sides), circle.
二维图形: 例如:三角形(3 边)、四边形(4 边:正方形、长方形、平行四边形、菱形、梯形)、五边形(5 边)、六边形(6 边)、圆。
Perimeter: nd the outside of a shape. For a rectangle with length l and width w, perimeter = 2l + 2w.
周长: 围绕图形外部的总距离。对于长为 l、宽为 w 的长方形,周长 = 2l + 2w。
Area of rectangle: length × width.
长方形面积: 长 × 宽。
Area of triangle: ½ × base × vertical height.
三角形面积: ½ × 底 × 垂直高。
Area of trapezium: nd b are the lengths of the parallel sides and h is the perpendicular height between them.
梯形面积: ½ × (a + b) × h,其中 a 和 b 为平行边的长度,h 为它们之间的垂直距离。
Circle vocabulary: nce from the centre to the edge. Diameter (d) = 2r. Circumference = πd or 2πr. Area = πr².
圆的词汇: 半径 (r) 是从圆心到边缘的距离。直径 (d) = 2r。圆周长 = πd 或 2πr。面积 = πr²。
8. Measures and Units | 度量与单位
Metric units of length: 10 mm = 1 cm, 100 cm = 1 m, 1000 m = 1 km.
公制长度单位: 10 毫米 = 1 厘米,100 厘米 = 1 米,1000 米 = 1 千米。
Metric units of mass: 1000 g = 1 kg. Metric units of capacity: 1000 ml = 1 litre (l).
公制质量单位: 1000 克 = 1 千克。公制容量单位:1000 毫升 = 1 升。
Time units: 60 seconds = 1 minute, 60 minutes = 1 hour, 24 hours = 1 day.
时间单位: 60 秒 = 1 分,60 分 = 1 小时,24 小时 = 1 天。
Compound units: speed = distance ÷ time. Common units: km/h or m/s.
复合单位:速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间。常用单位:千米/小时 或 米/秒。
Compound units: density = mass ÷ volume. Common units: g/cm³ or kg/m³.
复合单位:密度 = 质量 ÷ 体积。常用单位:克/立方厘米 或 千克/立方米。
Published by TutorHao | Year 9 Mathematics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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