📚 Year 9 CIE Engineering: Key Terminology Memorisation Guide | Year 9 CIE 工程：关键术语速记指南
Engineering is a vast field that relies heavily on precise terminology. For Year 9 students following the CIE curriculum, mastering key terms is the first step towards understanding concepts in mechanics, materials, electronics, and design. This memorisation guide presents essential vocabulary in bite-sized, bilingual explanations to help you recall definitions quickly and confidently for assessments and practical work.
工程学是一门高度依赖精确术语的学科。对于学习 CIE 课程的 Year 9 学生来说，掌握关键术语是理解力学、材料、电子和设计概念的第一步。本速记指南以中英双语的简洁解释呈现核心词汇，帮助你快速、自信地记忆定义，应对考试和实践任务。
1. Forces and Motion | 力与运动
Understanding forces is fundamental in engineering. The following terms describe how objects interact and move.
理解力是工程学的基础。以下术语描述物体如何相互作用和运动。
Force (F): A push or pull acting on an object, measured in newtons (N). It can cause acceleration.
力 (Force)： 作用在物体上的推或拉，单位为牛顿 (N)，可产生加速度。
Newton (N): The SI unit of force. 1 N is the force needed to accelerate 1 kg at 1 m/s².
牛顿 (Newton)： 力的国际单位。1 N 是使 1 kg 物体产生 1 m/s² 加速度所需的力。
F = m × a
This equation shows that force equals mass multiplied by acceleration.
该公式表明力等于质量乘以加速度。
Friction: A resistive force that opposes the sliding motion between two surfaces.
摩擦力 (Friction)： 阻碍两个表面相对滑动的阻力。
Mass (m): The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg). It is constant regardless of location.
质量 (Mass)： 物体所含物质的量，单位千克 (kg)，不随位置改变。
Weight (W): avity on an object, measured in newtons. Weight = mass × gravitational field strength (g).
重量 (Weight)： 重力作用在物体上的力，单位为牛顿。重量 = 质量 × 重力场强度 (g)。
W = m × g
Weight is directly proportional to mass; on Earth, g ≈ 9.8 N/kg.
重量与质量成正比；在地球上，g 约为 9.8 N/kg。
2. Material Properties | 材料属性
Engineers select materials based on their properties. These terms define how materials behave under different conditions.
工程师根据材料属性选材。这些术语定义了材料在不同条件下的表现。
Tensile strength: The maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched before breaking.
抗拉强度 (Tensile strength)： 材料在拉伸状态下断裂前所能承受的最大应力。
Compressive strength: The capacity of a material to withstand loads that tend to reduce its size.
抗压强度 (Compressive strength)： 材料抵抗使其尺寸缩小的载荷的能力。
Hardness: Resistance of a material to indentation or scratching.
硬度 (Hardness)： 材料抵抗压痕或划痕的能力。
Toughness: The ability of a material to absorb energy and deform plastically without fracturing.
韧性 (Toughness)： 材料吸收能量并发生塑性变形而不断裂的能力。
Ductility: The ability to be drawn into a wire, indicating high plastic deformation before fracture.
延展性 (Ductility)： 可拉成丝的能力，表明断裂前有较大的塑性变形。
Elasticity: The ability of a material to return to its original shape after the removal of a load.
弹性 (Elasticity)： 材料在载荷移除后恢复原状的能力。
3. Structures and
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