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Year 9 CIE Maths: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 9 CIE 数学:词汇术语速记指南

2026-07-18 14:05 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Year 9 CIE Maths: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 9 CIE 数学:词汇术语速记指南

Mastering mathematical vocabulary is essential for success in the Year 9 CIE Maths course. This guide covers key terms across number, algebra, geometry, data handling and probability, with clear English definitions followed by Chinese translations to help you revise efficiently and remember them faster.

掌握数学词汇是 Year 9 CIE 数学课程取得好成绩的基础。本指南涵盖数、代数、几何、数据处理和概率等关键术语,每个术语均提供清晰的英文定义和中文翻译,助你高效复习、快速记忆。

1. Number and Arithmetic Terms | 数与算术术语

Integer – A whole number that can be positive, negative or zero (e.g. -3, 0, 7).

整数 – 一个可以是正数、负数或零的完整数字(例如 -3, 0, 7)。

Natural number – A positive integer used for counting (1, 2, 3, …). Some definitions include 0.

自然数 – 用于计数的正整数(1, 2, 3, …),部分定义包含 0。

Rational number – Any number that can be written as a fraction p/q, where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.

有理数 – 任何可以写成分数 p/q 形式的数,其中 p 和 q 为整数且 q ≠ 0。

Irrational number – A number that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction; its decimal goes on forever without repeating (e.g. π, √2).

无理数 – 无法表示为简单分数的数,其小数部分无限不循环(例如 π、√2)。

Absolute value – The distance of a number from 0 on the number line, always non‑negative (e.g. |–5| = 5).

绝对值 – 数轴上某个数到 0 的距离,总是非负数(例如 |–5| = 5)。


2. Factors, Multiples and Primes | 因数、倍数与质数

Factor – A number that divides exactly into another number with no remainder (e.g. factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12).

因数 – 能整除另一个数而没有余数的数(例如 12 的因数为 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12)。

Multiple – The product of a number and an integer (e.g. multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15, 20, …).

倍数 – 一个数与整数相乘的积(例如 5 的倍数:5, 10, 15, 20, …)。

Prime number – A number greater than 1 that has exactly two factors: 1 and itself (e.g. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11).

质数(素数) – 大于 1 且只有两个因数(1 和它本身)的数(例如 2, 3, 5, 7, 11)。

Composite number – A number greater than 1 that has more than two factors (e.g. 6 has factors 1, 2, 3, 6).

合数 – 大于 1 且因数多于两个的数(例如 6 的因数为 1, 2, 3, 6)。

Highest Common Factor (HCF) – The largest factor shared by two or more numbers.

最大公因数 (HCF) – 两个或两个以上的数共有的最大因数。

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) – The smallest multiple shared by two or more numbers.

最小公倍数 (LCM) – 两个或两个以上的数共有的最小倍数。


3. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages | 分数、小数与百分数

Fraction – A part of a whole written as numerator/denominator (e.g. 3/4 means 3 parts out of 4).

分数 – 写成分子/分母形式的整体的一部分(如 3/4 表示 4 份中的 3 份)。

Decimal – A number written with a decimal point to show tenths, hundredths, etc. (e.g. 0.75).

小数 – 用小数点表示十分位、百分位等的数(例如 0.75)。

Percentage – A fraction out of 100; the symbol % means ‘per hundred’ (e.g. 75% = 75/100).

百分数(百分比) – 以 100 为分母的分数;符号 % 表示“每百”(例如 75% = 75/100)。

Recurring decimal – A decimal that continues forever with a repeating pattern (e.g. 0.333... = 0.3̅).

循环小数 – 小数部分无限重复某个模式(例如 0.333… = 0.3̅)。

Terminating decimal – A decimal that ends after a finite number of places (e.g. 0.25).

有限小数 – 小数位数有限的小数(例如 0.25)。

Percent increase / decrease – The change in a quantity expressed as a percentage of the original amount.

增长/下降百分率 – 用相对于原始量的百分比表示的量的变化。


4. Ratio and Proportion | 比与比例

Ratio – A comparison of two or more quantities, showing the relative size of one to another (e.g. 3:2).

比 – 两个或两个以上量的比较,显示一个量相对于另一个量的大小(例如 3:2)。

Proportion – A statement that two ratios are equal (e.g. 1/2 = 2/4). In direct proportion, y = kx.

比例 – 表明两个比相等的式子(如 1/2 = 2/4)。正比例关系 y = kx。

Unitary method – Finding the value of one unit first, then scaling to find the required amount.

归一法 – 先求出一个单位的值,再按比例计算出所需数量的方法。

Direct proportion – Two quantities increase or decrease at the same rate; their ratio stays constant.

正比例 – 两个量以相同速率增加或减少,它们的比保持不变。

Inverse proportion – One quantity increases as the other decreases; their product is constant (xy = k).

反比例 – 一个量增加时另一个量减少,它们的乘积保持不变 (xy = k)。


5. Algebraic Expressions and Equations | 代数式与方程

Variable – A symbol (often a letter) that represents an unknown or changeable number (e.g. x, y).

变量 – 代表未知或可变数字的符号(通常为字母,如 x, y)。

Constant – A fixed value that does not change (e.g. the number 5, or π).

常量 – 不变的固定值(例如数字 5 或 π)。

Term – A single number, variable, or numbers and variables multiplied together (e.g. 3x²y, 7).

项 – 一个数字、变量或数字与变量相乘的积(例如 3x²y, 7)。

Coefficient – The numerical factor of a term (e.g. in 4xy, 4 is the coefficient).

系数 – 项中的数字因数(例如 4xy 中,4 是系数)。

Like terms – Terms with the same variable parts and powers; they can be combined (e.g. 2x and 5x).

同类项 – 变量部分和次数相同的项,可以合并(例如 2x 和 5x)。

Expression – A combination of terms without an equals sign (e.g. 3x + 2y – 4).

表达式(代数式) – 不含等号的项的集合(例如 3x + 2y – 4)。

Equation – cal statement that two expressions are equal, containing an equals sign (e.g. 2x + 1 = 7).

方程 – 表明两个表达式相等的数学陈述,含等号(例如 2x + 1 = 7)。

Inequality – t that one quantity is greater than, less than, or not equal to another (uses >, <, ≥, ≤).

不等式 – 表示一个量大于、小于或不等于另一个量的陈述(使用 >, <, ≥, ≤)。


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6. Sequences and Patterns | 数列与模式

Sequence – An ordered list of numbers that follows a rule (e.g. 2, 5, 8, 11, …).

数列(序列) – 按照某种规律排列的一组有序数字(例如 2, 5, 8, 11, …)。

Term-to-term rule – A rule that tells you how to get from one term to the next (e.g. add 3).

逐项递推规律 – 描述如何从一个项得到下一个项的规则(例如加 3)。

nth term – A formula that gives any term in a sequence, usually in terms of n, the position number (e.g. 2n + 1).

第 n 项(通项公式) – 用位置序号 n 表示数列中任意一项的公式(例如 2n + 1)。

Arithmetic sequence – A sequence where the difference between consecutive terms is constant (common difference).

等差数列 – 相邻两项之差为常数的数列(公差)。

Geometric sequence – A sequence where each term is found by multiplying the previous term by a fixed number (common ratio).

等比数列 – 每一项由前一项乘以固定倍数(公比)得到的数列。


7. Geometry: Angles and Shapes | 几何:角与形状

Acute angle – An angle less than 90°.

锐角 – 小于 90° 的角。

Obtuse angle – An angle greater than 90° but less than 180°.

钝角 – 大于 90° 但小于 180° 的角。

Right angle – An angle exactly equal to 90°.

直角 – 恰好等于 90° 的角。

Reflex angle – An angle greater than 180° but less than 360°.

优角(反射角) – 大于 180° 但小于 360° 的角。

Complementary angles – Two angles that add up to 90°.

互余角 – 两个角的和为 90°。

Supplementary angles – Two angles that add up to 180°.

互补角 – 两个角的和为 180°。

Vertically opposite angles – Angles opposite each other when two lines cross; they are equal.

对顶角 – 两条直线相交时相对的两个角,它们相等。

Polygon – A closed 2D shape with straight sides (e.g. triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon).

多边形 – 由直边围成的封闭二维图形(如三角形、四边形、五边形)。

Regular polygon – A polygon with all sides equal and all angles equal (e.g. equilateral triangle, square).

正多边形 – 所有边相等、所有角相等的多边形(例如等边三角形、正方形)。

Parallel lines – Lines that never meet, staying the same distance apart.

平行线 – 永远不会相交、始终保持相同距离的直线。

Perpendicular lines – Lines that intersect at a right angle (90°).

垂线 – 相交成直角 (90°) 的直线。


8. Measures and Units | 测量与单位

Perimeter – The total distance around the outside of a shape.

周长 – 图形外部边界的总长度。

Area – The amount of space inside a 2D shape, measured in square units (e.g. cm², m²).

面积 – 二维图形内部空间的大小,以平方单位计量(如 cm², m²)。

Volume – The amount of space occupied by a 3D object, measured in cubic units (e.g. cm³, m³).

体积 – 三维物体所占空间的大小,以立方单位计量(如 cm³, m³)。

Capacity – The amount a container can hold, usually measured in litres or millilitres.

容量 – 容器能容纳的液体量,通常以升或毫升计量。

Mass – The amount of matter in an object, measured in grams and kilograms.

质量 – 物体所含物质的量,以克和千克计量。

Speed – The distance travelled per unit of time (speed = distance ÷ time).

速率(速度) – 单位时间内经过的距离(速率 = 距离 ÷ 时间)。

Density – Mass per unit volume (density = mass ÷ volume).

密度 – 单位体积的质量(密度 = 质量 ÷ 体积)。


9. Statistics and Data Handling | 统计与数据处理

Data – Information collected for analysis; can be qualitative (descriptive) or quantitative (numerical).

数据 – 收集起来用于分析的信息;可以是定性的(描述性)或定量的(数值型)。

Mean – The average, found by adding all values and dividing by the number of values.

平均数(均值) – 将所有数值相加再除以数值的个数得到的平均值。

Median – The middle value when the data is arranged in order.

中位数 – 将数据按大小顺序排列后位于中间的值。

Mode – The value that appears most often in a data set.

众数 – 数据集中出现次数最多的值。

Range – The difference between the largest and smallest values; a measure of spread.

极差(范围) – 最大值与最小值之差,用于衡量数据的分散程度。

Frequency – The number of times a particular value or category occurs.

频数(频率) – 某个特定值或类别出现的次数。

Pie chart – A circular chart divided into sectors, each representing a proportion of the whole.

饼图(扇形图) – 把一个圆分成若干扇形,每个扇形代表整体的一部分。

Bar chart – A diagram using bars of equal width to show frequencies or amounts; bar heights reflect the values.

条形图 – 用等宽的条形表示频数或数量的图表,条形高度反映数值大小。

Scatter graph – A graph showing two sets of data as points to investigate correlation.

散点图 – 将两组数据用点表示以探究相关关系的图表。


10. Probability Terms | 概率术语

Probability – A measure of the chance that an event will happen, expressed as a number between 0 and 1, or as a percentage.

概率 – 衡量某事件发生可能性的数值,可用 0 到 1 之间的数字或百分数表示。

Outcome – A possible result of a probability experiment (e.g. rolling a 4 on a dice).

结果 – 概率实验中可能出现的情况(例如掷骰子得到点数 4)。

Event – One or more outcomes that share a specific property (e.g. rolling an even number).

事件 – 具有某种特定性质的一个或多个结果(例如掷出偶数)。

Sample space – The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment, often shown in a list or table.

样本空间 – 某实验所有可能结果的集合,通常用列表或表格表示。

Experimental probability – Probability based on actual trials or experiments (relative frequency).

实验概率 – 基于实际试验或实验得到的概率(即相对频率)。

Theoretical probability – Probability calculated using equally likely outcomes: (number of favourable outcomes) / (total number of outcomes).

理论概率 – 利用等可能结果计算的概率:(有利结果数) / (总结果数)。

Mutually exclusive – Two events that cannot happen at the same time.

互斥事件 – 不能同时发生的两个事件。

Independent events – Events where the outcome of one does not affect the outcome of the other.

独立事件 – 一个事件的发生不影响另一个事件发生概率的事件。

Published by TutorHao | Mathematics Revision Series | aleveler.com

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