📚 Case Study Practice for Year 9 OCR Economics | Year 9 OCR 经济：案例分析实战演练
Case studies are a powerful way to apply economic theories to real-world situations. In Year 9 OCR Economics, you will encounter scenarios that require you to use concepts such as demand, supply, elasticity, and government policies to analyse and solve problems. This article provides a practical workout through a series of case studies, helping you build the skills to tackle exam questions with confidence.
案例分析是将经济理论应用于现实情境的有效方式。在 Year 9 OCR 经济学课程中，你会遇到各种情景，需要你运用需求、供给、弹性、政府政策等概念进行分析和解决问题。本文通过一系列案例为你提供实战演练，帮助你培养信心，从容应对考试题目。
1. Introduction to Case Study Analysis in Economics | 经济案例分析导论
Case study questions in OCR Economics expect you to identify economic concepts, interpret data, and evaluate outcomes. You should always start by reading the scenario carefully, highlighting key information such as prices, quantities, incomes, or policy changes. Then apply the relevant theory step by step, using diagrams in your mind or on paper to illustrate shifts and equilibrium. Finally, provide a reasoned judgement that considers both short-term and long-term effects.
OCR 经济学中的案例分析题要求你识别经济概念、解读数据并评估结果。你始终应该先仔细阅读情景，标出关键信息，如价格、数量、收入或政策变化。然后逐步应用相关理论，在脑海或纸上用图示描绘移动与均衡。最后，给出有逻辑的判断，并考虑短期和长期影响。
Step 1: Read the scenario and underline key economic variables.
第一步：阅读情景，划出关键经济变量。
Step 2: Identify the economic concept being tested (e.g., shortage, surplus, externalities).
第二步：确定所考的经济概念（如短缺、盈余、外部性）。
Step 3: Draw a simple demand and supply diagram to visualise changes.
第三步：画一个简单的供需图以可视化变化。
Step 4: Analyse the impact on price, quantity, and stakeholders.
第四步：分析对价格、数量及利益相关者的影响。
Step 5: Write a balanced conclusion that acknowledges limitations.
第五步：写出权衡的结论，承认局限性。
2. The Coffee Corner: Understanding Supply and Demand | 咖啡角：理解供需
The Coffee Corner is a cosy café near a secondary school. Recently, a new café opened across the street, offering similar drinks at lower prices. At the same time, the cost of coffee beans fell by 15% due to a bumper harvest in Brazil.
咖啡角是一家靠近中学的舒适咖啡馆。最近，街对面新开了一家咖啡馆，以更低的价格提供类似的饮品。同时，由于巴西咖啡豆丰收，咖啡豆成本下降了 15%。
First, the entry of a new competitor reduces the demand for Coffee Corner's coffee because customers now have a substitute. The demand curve shifts leftward (D₁ to D₂). This alone would lower both price and quantity. Second, the fall in the cost of coffee beans reduces the cost of production, increasing supply. The supply curve shifts rightward (S₁ to S₂). This would lower price and increase quantity.
首先，新竞争者的进入减少了对咖啡角咖啡的需求，因为顾客现在有了替代品。需求曲线向左移动（从 D₁ 到 D₂）。仅此就会降低价格和数量。其次，咖啡豆成本下降减少了生产成本，增加了供给。供给曲线向右移动（从 S₁ 到 S₂）。这会降低价格并增加数量。
When both shifts occur simultaneously, the equilibrium price definitely falls. The change in quantity is indeterminate; it could increase, decrease, or stay the same depending on the relative size of the shifts. In this case, if the supply increase is larger than the demand decrease, quantity may rise, but it depends on real data.
当两个移动同时发生时，均衡价格肯定下降。数量的变化不确定；可能增加、减少或保持不变，取决于移动的相对幅度。在这个案例中，如果供给增加幅度大于需求减少，数量可能上升，但这取决于实际数据。
Thus, Coffee Corner is likely to see lower prices, but the effect on the number of coffees sold is ambiguous. To survive, the café might need to differentiate its product or improve service.
因此，咖啡角很可能看到价格下降，但对售出咖啡数量的影响不明确。为了生存，咖啡馆可能需要差异化产品或者改进服务。
3. Smartphones and Price Elasticity of Demand | 智能手机与需求价格弹性
A premium smartphone brand, LuxMobile, raises its price by 10% and sees the quantity demanded fall by only 5%. Meanwhile, a budget brand, EconoPhone, raises its price by 10% and experiences a 20% drop in sales.
高端智能手机品牌 LuxMobile 提价 10%，需求量仅下降 5%。而平价品牌 EconoPhone 提价 10%，销量下降了 20%。
PED = %ΔQd ÷ %ΔP
gh-status. A price increase leads to a proportionally smaller fall in quantity, so total revenue increases. For EconoPhone, PED = 2, demand is elastic. Customers have many substitutes and are highly responsive to price. A price rise reduces total revenue significantly.
对于 LuxMobile，PED = 0.5，意味着需求缺乏弹性。消费者对价格变化不太敏感，因为他们认为该品牌独特或有较高地位。价格上涨导致需求量下降的比例较小，因此总收入增加。对于 EconoPhone，PED = 2，需求富有弹性。顾客有众多替代品，对价格高度敏感。提价将大幅减少总收入。
In pricing strategy, LuxMobile can confidently raise prices to boost revenue, while EconoPhone should focus on cost control or volume sales.
在定价策略中，LuxMobile 可以自信地提价以增加收入，而 EconoPhone 则应专注于成本控制或薄利多销。
4. Government Intervention: Tackling Sugar Consumption | 政府干预：应对糖消费
The government is concerned about rising obesity, especially among teenagers. It proposes a specific
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