📚 Year 9 Edexcel Physics: Quick Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | Year 9 Edexcel 物理：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering Physics begins with a firm grip on its terminology. In Year 9 Edexcel Physics, you will encounter a wide range of words that describe forces, energy, waves, electricity, matter and space. This bilingual guide pairs each key term with a clear, simple definition in both English and Chinese, and includes mnemonics, visual associations and word origins to help you memorise them fast.
掌握物理从牢固掌握术语开始。在 Year 9 爱德思物理课程中，你会遇到大量描述力、能量、波、电、物质和空间的词汇。这份双语指南为每个关键术语配上了清晰简明的中英文定义，并通过助记法、形象联想和词源解析，帮助你快速记忆。
1. Why Vocabulary Matters in Physics | 为什么物理词汇如此重要
Physics is a subject built on precise language. A word like 'force' or 'energy' has a very specific scientific meaning that may differ from everyday usage. Without a solid vocabulary foundation, it is easy to misinterpret exam questions or give vague answers.
物理是一门建立在精确语言上的学科。像“力”或“能量”这样的词有着非常具体的科学含义，可能与日常用法不同。没有扎实的词汇基础，很容易误解考题或给出模糊的答案。
Research shows that students who actively learn key terms through mnemonics and repetition recall them 60% faster in tests. Treat each term as a tool in your physics toolbox – the sharper the tool, the smoother the problem-solving.
研究表明，通过助记法和重复主动学习关键术语的学生在考试中回忆速度要快 60%。把每个术语当作你物理工具箱里的工具——工具越锋利，解题就越顺畅。
In Year 9, you will learn roughly 80–100 core physics terms. This guide selects the most common ones and shows you how to remember them with story, image and structure.
在 Year 9，你将学习大约 80–100 个核心物理术语。本指南挑选了最常见的术语，并展示如何通过故事、图像和结构来记忆它们。
2. Key Terms in Forces | 力的关键术语
Force: A push or pull on an object, measured in newtons (N). Think of 'Newton's force' – both start with 'N'.
力（Force）： 对物体的推或拉，单位是牛顿（N）。联想“牛顿的力”——都以“N”开头。
Contact force: A force that acts only when two objects are touching, e.g. friction, tension. Remember 'contact requires touch, like a handshake'.
接触力（Contact force）： 仅当两个物体接触时才作用的力，例如摩擦力、张力。记住“接触力需要接触，就像握手”。
Non-contact force: A force that acts at a distance, such as gravity, magnetism, electrostatic force. Mnemonic: 'G-MEN' – Gravity, Magnetism, Electrostatic, Non-contact.
非接触力（Non-contact force）： 可在一定距离外作用的力，如重力、磁力、静电力。助记：“GMEN”——重力、磁力、静电、非接触。
Resultant force: The overall force on an object after all forces are combined. Think of 'resultant' as 'the result you get'.
合力（Resultant force）： 所有力合并后物体受到的总力。把“resultant”想成“你得到的结果”。
Balanced forces: Forces that cancel each other out, causing no change in motion. Like a tug-of-war with equal teams.
平衡力（Balanced forces）： 相互抵消、不引起运动状态改变的力。好比势均力敌的拔河比赛。
3. Motion and Speed Vocabulary | 运动与速度词汇
Speed: = distance ÷ time. The formula triangle helps: place d over t with s in the bottom corner. 'Speed is the distance you travel in a certain time.'
速率（Speed）： 物体运动的快慢；速率 = 距离 ÷ 时间。公式三角形有助记忆：d在上，t在下，s在角上。“速率就是单位时间内走的路程”。
Velocity: Speed in a given direction, a vector quantity. Picture a 'velociraptor' running north – fast and directional.
速度（Velocity）： 带有方向的速率，是矢量。想象一只“迅猛龙”向北奔跑——既快又有方向。
Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity. If you're accelerating, you're changing speed or direction or both. Mnemonic: 'Acceleration is a change, like stepping on the gas.'
加速度（Acceleration）： 速度变化的快慢。如果你在加速，你在改变速率或方向或两者都变。助记：“Acceleration 是变化，就像踩油门”。
Distance-time graph: howing how distance changes with time; the slope (gradient) gives speed. Steeper = faster.
距离-时间图（Distance-time graph）： 显示距离随时间变化的图；斜率（梯度）表示速率。越陡越快。
Relative motion: How fast something seems to move compared with the observer. If you walk forward on a train, your speed relative to the ground is train speed + walking speed.
相对运动（Relative motion）： 物体相对于观察者看起来的运动快慢。如果你在火车上向前走，你对地面的速度是车速加步行速度。
4. Energy Stores and Transfers | 能量储存与转移
Energy store: A form in which energy is held. The main stores: kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic potential, thermal (internal), chemical, nuclear, magnetic, electrostatic. Remember 'Kids Get Extra Chocolate In Maths N Easy' – Kinetic, Gravitational, Elastic, Chemical, Internal (Thermal), Magnetic, Nuclear, Electrostatic.
能量储存（Energy store）： 能量存在的形式。主要储存：动能、重力势能、弹性势能、热（内）能、化学能、核能、磁能、静电能。记住“KGECIMNE”或编成句子。
Energy transfer: How energy moves from one store to another. Key pathways: mechanically (by a force), electrically, by heating, by radiation (light and sound). Mnemonic: 'My Elephant Hates Rain' – Mechanical, Electrical, Heating, Radiation.
能量转移（Energy transfer）： 能量从一个储存转移到另一个储存的方式。主要途径：机械做功、电流、加热、辐射（光和声）。助记：“MEHR”——机械、电、加热、辐射。
Conservation of energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. Think of it as 'energy is never lost in the universe, only moved around'.
能量守恒（Conservation of energy）： 能量既不能凭空产生，也不能凭空消失，只能转移。想象“能量在宇宙中永不消失，只会转移”。
Efficiency: Useful energy output ÷ total energy input. Often expressed as a percentage. Remember 'efficiency is how good a device is at transferring energy without wasting it'.
效率（Efficiency）： 有用输出能量 ÷ 总输入能量。常用百分数表示。记住“效率就是设备转移能量时少浪费的程度”。
5. Waves: Key Words | 波的关键词
Wave: A disturbance that transfers energy without transferring matter. Two main types: transverse and longitudinal.
波（Wave）： 一种不传递物质但传递能量的扰动。两大类：横波和纵波。
Transverse wave: ons are perpendicular to the direction of energy travel (e.g. light, water ripples). Think 'transverse = across'.
横波（Transverse wave）： 振动方向与能量传播方向垂直（如光、水波）。联想“transverse 有 横穿 的意思”。
Longitudinal wave: The vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy travel (e.g. sound). Think 'longitudinal = along the line'.
纵波（Longitudinal wave）： 振动方向与能量传播方向平行（如声音）。联想“longitudinal 就是 沿着 线的方向”。
Wavelength (λ): Distance between two consecutive crests or compressions. Use 'wave-length' literally – the length of one complete wave cycle.
波长（Wavelength λ）： 相邻两个波峰或密部之间的距离。字面意思“波的长度”——一个完整波循环的长度。
Frequency (f): passing a point per second, measured in hertz (Hz). High frequency = high pitch in sound.
频率（Frequency f）： 每秒钟通过某点的完整波数，单位赫兹。高频声音听起来音调高。
Amplitude: Maximum displacement from rest position. Louder sound = larger amplitude. Think 'amplitude amplifies the sound'.
振幅（Amplitude）： 离开平衡位置的最大位移。声音越响，振幅越大。联想“amplitude 把声音放大”。
6. Electricity Basics Terminology | 电学基础术语
Current (I): Flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A). Mnemonic: 'Current carries charge around the circuit.'
电流（Current I）： 电荷的流动，单位安培。助记：“Current 在电路中携带电荷”。
Potential difference (voltage, V): The push that drives current around the circuit, measured in volts (V). Think of it as 'electrical pressure' – higher voltage pushes current harder.
电势差（电压，Voltage V）： 驱动电流在电路中流动的“推力”，单位伏特。想象成“电压力”——电压越高越能推动电流。
Resistance (R): A measure of how much a component resists the flow of current, measured in ohms (Ω). Remember 'resistance resists – a narrow pipe gives more resistance to water flow'.
电阻（Resistance R）： 衡量元件阻碍电流通过的能力，单位欧姆。记住“电阻就是阻力——细管对水流阻碍大”。
Series circuit: A circuit with components connected in a single loop. Current is the same everywhere. If one lamp breaks, all go out – like old Christmas lights.
串联电路（Series circuit）： 各元件连成单一回路的电路。电流处处相等。一只灯坏了，全部熄灭——就像老式圣诞彩灯。
Parallel circuit: A circuit with multiple branches. The current splits; if one branch breaks, the others still work. Your home wiring is parallel.
并联电路（Parallel circuit）： 有多条支路的电路。电流分流；一条支路断开，其他支路仍可工作。家里的电路就是并联。
Charge (Q): asured in coulombs (C). Electrons carry negative charge. Current = charge ÷ time: I = Q/t.
电荷（Charge Q）： 粒子的属性，单位库仑。电子带负电。电流 = 电荷 ÷ 时间：I = Q/t。
7. Matter and Density | 物质与密度
Density (ρ): Mass per unit volume, ρ = m/V. 'Dense objects feel heavy for their size.' Mnemonic: 'Density depends on how closely packed the particles are.'
密度（Density ρ）： 单位体积的质量，ρ = m/V。“密度大的物体，同样大小却更重”。助记：“密度取决于粒子排得多紧密”。
Particle model: All matter is made of tiny particles. Solids: particles vibrate in fixed positions. Liquids: particles can move past each other. Gases: particles move rapidly in all directions.
粒子模型（Particle model）： 所有物质都由微小粒子组成。固体：粒子在固定位置振动。液体：粒子可相互滑动。气体：粒子向各个方向快速运动。
Change of state: Melting, freezing, boiling, condensing, sublimation. Energy must be added or removed, but temperature stays constant during the change. Remember 'flat line on a heating graph means state change'.
物态变化（Change of state）： 熔化、凝固、沸腾、凝结、升华。必须加进或放出能量，但物态变化时温度保持不变。记住“加热图上的水平线就是物态变化”。
Specific heat capacity: The energy needed to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C. Water has a high specific heat capacity, so it heats up slowly.
比热容（Specific heat capacity）： 使 1 kg 物质温度升高 1 °C 所需的能量。水的比热容很大，所以慢慢升温。
Specific latent heat: Energy needed to change state of 1 kg of a substance without temperature change. Latent heat of fusion (melting) and vaporisation (boiling). Think 'latent means hidden – energy is hidden in the change'.
比潜热（Specific latent heat）： 使 1 kg 物质在温度不变时改变状态所需的能量。熔化潜热和汽化潜热。联想“latent 意为潜藏——能量藏在状态变化中”。
8. Space Physics Terms | 空间物理术语
Gravity: A non-contact force of attraction between masses. On Earth, it gives objects weight. The Moon's gravity is about 1/6 of Earth's.
重力（Gravity）： 质量之间的非接触吸引力。在地球上，它使物体有重量。月球重力约为地球的 1/6。
Weight: o gravity; W = mg (g = 10 N/kg on Earth). Weight varies with gravity, mass stays the same.
重量（Weight）： 由于重力作用在质量上的力；W = mg（地球上 g = 10 N/kg）。重量随重力而变，质量不变。
Solar System: The Sun and all objects orbiting it – eight planets, moons, asteroids, comets. Order: 'My Very Easy Method Just Speeds Up Naming' – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
太阳系（Solar System）： 太阳和所有绕它运行的天体——八大行星、卫星、小行星、彗星。顺序：“水金地火木土天海”。
Orbit: The curved path of one object around another due to gravity. Moons orbit planets; planets orbit the Sun. If gravity suddenly vanished, objects would fly off in a straight line.
轨道（Orbit）： 一个天体由于引力绕另一个天体运行的弯曲路径。卫星绕行星转，行星绕太阳转。若引力突然消失，物体会沿直线飞出去。
Satellite: An object that orbits a planet. Natural satellites like the Moon, or artificial ones like communication satellites. Gravity provides the centripetal force.
卫星（Satellite）： 绕行星运行的天体。天然卫星如月球，或人造卫星如通信用卫星。引力提供向心力。
9. Scientific Investigations and Units | 科学探究与单位
Independent variable: The factor you change in an experiment. 'I change the Independent variable.'
自变量（Independent variable）： 实验中你改变的因素。“我改变独立变量”。
Dependent variable: The factor you measure, which depends on the independent variable. 'The Data I collect is the Dependent.'
因变量（Dependent variable）： 你测量的因素，它依赖于自变量。“我收集的数据是依赖变量”。
Control variable: The factors kept the same to make a fair test. 'Control variables keep the test Controlled.'
控制变量（Control variable）： 保持不变以确保公平测试的因素。“控制变量保持实验受控”。
SI units: International System of Units: metre (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), ampere (A), kelvin (K), mole (mol). For Year 9, focus on m, kg, s, A, and derived units like N, J, W, Pa.
国际单位制（SI units）： 国际单位制：米（m），千克（kg），秒（s），安培（A），开尔文（K），摩尔（mol）。Year 9 重点掌握 m、kg、s、A 以及导出单位比如牛顿 N、焦耳 J、瓦特 W、帕斯卡 Pa。
Precision: How closely repeated measurements agree. 'Precision is about repeatability, like hitting the same spot again and again.'
精度（Precision）： 多次测量结果彼此接近的程度。“精度就是可重复性，如反复打中同一个点”。
10. Memorisation Techniques for Physics Terms | 物理术语记忆技巧
Word decomposition: Break the word into parts you recognise. 'Thermal' comes from Greek 'therme' (heat). 'Kinetic' from 'kinesis' (movement). Learning roots helps decode unfamiliar terms.
拆词法： 把单词拆成你认识的部分。“Thermal”来自希腊语“therme”（热）。“Kinetic”来自“kinesis”（运动）。学习词根有助于破解陌生术语。
Visual associations: Draw a silly picture: for 'amplitude', imagine a sound wave so tall it knocks someone over. The image sticks in your mind.
形象联想： 画一幅夸张的图：对于“振幅”，想象一个声波高得把人都推倒了。图像会牢牢留在脑海里。
Acronyms and sentences: Create a memorable phrase using first letters. For energy stores: 'Kids Get Extra Chocolate In Maths N Easily' (Kinetic, Gravitational, Elastic, Chemical, Internal, Magnetic, Nuclear, Electrostatic). Make your own – the sillier, the better.
首字母缩略和句子： 用首字母造一个易记的句子。能量储存：“KGECIMNE”或“可爱的小猫每天都吃鱼……”。造自己的句子，越滑稽越好。
Paired English–Chinese repetition: Say the term in English, then in Chinese, then the definition aloud. Do this 3 times. Pairing strengthens brain connections.
中英配对重复： 先说英文术语，再说中文，然后大声说出定义。重复三次。这种配对能加强大脑连接。
Teach someone else: Explain a term to a friend or family member using simple language. If you can teach it, you know it.
教给别人： 用简单的语言向朋友或家人解释一个术语。如果你能教会别人，你就是真的掌握了。
Quick daily review: Keep a small notebook or Quizlet set with the 10 most confusing terms. Review for 5 minutes a day. Spaced repetition beats cramming.
每日快速复习： 随身带小笔记本或使用 Quizlet，记下最易混淆的 10 个术语。每天复习 5 分钟。间隔重复远胜于突击记忆。
Published by TutorHao | Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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