📚 Common Mistakes and Corrections in Year 9 AQA German | Year 9 AQA 德语常见误区与纠正方法
Learning German at Year 9 level brings a mix of exciting progress and recurring errors. Many students follow the AQA syllabus and consistently trip up on the same grammar points, vocabulary confusions and pronunciation issues. This article identifies the most common mistakes made by Year 9 learners of German, explains why they happen, and offers practical correction strategies. By understanding these typical pitfalls, you can turn errors into stepping stones and build a much more accurate and confident command of the language.
九年级学习德语既充满了令人兴奋的进步，也伴随着反复出现的错误。许多学生按照 AQA 教学大纲学习，总是在相同的语法点、词汇混淆和发音问题上栽跟头。本文梳理了九年级德语学习者最常犯的错误，解释其产生的原因，并提供实用的纠正策略。理解这些典型的易错点，你就能把错误转化为垫脚石，建立更准确、更自信的语言能力。
1. Noun Gender Confusion | 名词词性混淆
One of the first hurdles is remembering whether a German noun is der, die or das. English has no grammatical gender, so students often guess or rely on the sound of the word, which leads to persistent mistakes.
最初的一大障碍是记住德语名词是 der、die 还是 das。英语没有语法性别，所以学生常常猜测或根据单词发音来选，导致错误频发。
A typical error is to assume that all words ending in -e are feminine, or that objects are neuter. For instance, many learners write 'die Mädchen' correctly but then change it to 'der Mädchen' because a girl is female. In fact, Mädchen is neuter because of the -chen diminutive ending. Similarly, 'der Tisch' is masculine even though a table has no biological gender.
一个典型错误是认为所有以 -e 结尾的词都是阴性，或者认为物体都是中性。例如，许多学习者正确写出 “die Mädchen”，但接着因为女孩是女性就改成 “der Mädchen”。实际上，Mädchen 是中性，因为它带有缩小词尾 -chen。同样，“der Tisch” 是阳性，尽管桌子没有生物性别。
The most effective correction strategy is to always learn a noun together with its definite article and a colour code: blue for der, red for die, green for das. When you note down new vocabulary, write 'der Hund' rather than just 'Hund'. Look for patterns such as days and months being masculine, words ending in -heit/-keit being feminine, and words ending in -chen/-lein being neuter. Regular testing with flashcards that show the article on one side and the noun on the other helps cement the gender in your memory.
最有效的纠正方法是在学习名词时，始终连同定冠词和颜色标记一起记忆：蓝色代表 der，红色代表 die，绿色代表 das。记新单词时，要写 “der Hund”，而不是只写 “Hund”。留意一些规律，比如星期和月份是阳性，以 -heit/-keit 结尾的词是阴性，以 -chen/-lein 结尾的词是中性。用一面显示冠词、另一面显示名词的闪卡定期测试，有助于将词性牢记于心。
2. Ignoring the Verb-Second Rule | 忽视动词第二位规则
German main clauses almost always place the conjugated verb in the second position. English speakers frequently break this rule, especially when a sentence starts with an adverb or a time phrase.
德语主句几乎总是将变位动词放在第二位。说英语的人经常违反这条规则，尤其是在句子以副词或时间短语开头时。
A common mistake is to write 'Heute ich gehe ins Kino' instead of 'Heute gehe ich ins Kino'. The instinct is to keep the subject right after the time expression because that sounds natural in English. However, the verb must come second, which means the subject moves after the verb. This error also appears with adverbs like 'manchmal' or 'am Wochenende'.
一个常见的错误是把句子写成 “Heute ich gehe ins Kino”，而不是 “Heute gehe ich ins Kino”。学习者的本能是把主语紧接着放在时间短语之后，因为这在英语里听起来很自然。但是，动词必须放在第二位，这意味着主语要移到动词后面。这种错误也出现在 “manchmal” 或 “am Wochenende” 等副词中。
To fix this, visualise the sentence as a series of slots: position 1 is the topic (any element), position 2 is the verb, and position 3 is the subject if it has been pushed out of position 1. Practise rewriting English sentences that start with 'Tomorrow I will...' into German, forcing the verb second. Read aloud and underline the verb in every main clause to check its position. Over time, your ear will start to reject the incorrect word order.
要纠正这一点，可以把句子想象成一系列槽位：第一位是主题（任何成分），第二位是动词，第三位是主语（如果被挤出了第一位的话）。练习把英语中以 “Tomorrow I will...” 开头的句子改写成德语，强制让动词排在第二位。大声朗读，并在每个主句中划出动词，检查它的位置。久而久之，你的耳朵就会开始排斥错误的语序。
3. Mixing Up the Cases: Nominative, Accusative and Dative | 混淆格：主格、宾格与与格
Year 9 students often struggle to decide whether to use nominative, accusative or dative. The concept of case is not prominent in English, so learners tend to apply English sentence patterns to German, leading to incorrect articles and pronouns.
九年级学生常常很难决定该用主格、宾格还是与格。格的概念在英语中并不突出，因此学习者往往会将英语的句式套用到德语中，导致冠词和代词错误。
A frequent error is writing 'Ich sehe der Mann' instead of 'Ich sehe den Mann'. The direct object (the man) must be in the accusative case, so the masculine article changes from der to den. With the dative case the mistakes are even more common: 'Ich gebe das Buch zu mein Bruder' is wrong; it should be 'Ich gebe meinem Bruder das Buch', because the indirect object takes dative. Many students also overuse 'zu' to express 'to someone' when a dative object alone is enough.
一个常见错误是把 “Ich sehe den Mann” 写成 “Ich sehe der Mann”。直接宾语（那个男人）必须用宾格，因此阳性冠词从 der 变为 den。与与格有关的错误更为常见：“Ich gebe das Buch zu mein Bruder” 是错误的，应该是 “Ich gebe meinem Bruder das Buch”，因为间接宾语要用与格。许多学生还过度使用 “zu” 来表达 “给某人”，而实际上仅需与格宾语就足够了。
The best correction is to learn verb patterns. Create three lists: verbs that always take a direct object (accusative) like sehen, haben, kaufen; verbs that take an indirect dative object like helfen, danken, geben; and prepositions that always take dative such as mit, nach, von. Use colour coding again: accusative endings in blue, dative in orange. When you write sentences, ask yourself: 'Who is doing the action? Who or what is directly receiving the action? Who or what is indirectly affected?' The answers will tell you the case.
最好的纠正方法是学习动词搭配。制作三个清单：总是带直接宾语（宾格）的动词，如 sehen、haben、kaufen；带间接与格宾语的动词，如 helfen、danken、geben；以及总是支配与格的介词，如 mit、nach、von。再次运用颜色标记：宾格词尾用蓝色，与格用橙色。在写句子时，问问自己：“谁在做动作？谁或什么直接承受动作？谁或什么受到间接影响？” 答案将告诉你该用哪个格。
4. Adjective Endings after Definite and Indefinite Articles | 定冠词与不定冠词后的形容词词尾
Adjective endings represent a significant source of error. The system depends on three factors: the gender of the noun, the case, and whether the article is definite, indefinite or absent. Even after learning the tables, students often apply endings randomly.
形容词词尾是一个主要的错误来源。这套系统取决于三个因素：名词的词性、格，以及冠词是定冠词、不定冠词还是没有冠词。即便学完了表格，学生在使用时也常常随意套用词尾。
After a definite article (der, die, das), adjectives usually take -e in nominative singular and -en in all other cases. A typical mistake is to write 'der netter Mann' instead of 'der nette Mann'. After an indefinite article (ein, eine), the adjective takes the definite article ending on the article where possible, and the adjective itself carries the strong ending, so 'ein netter Mann' is correct. When there is no article, the adjective carries the strong ending almost like a definite article: 'guter Wein' not 'gute Wein'. These rules feel overwhelming at first, but the errors mainly happen because students stop thinking about the case once they have chosen the article.
在定冠词（der, die, das）之后，形容词在主格单数时通常以 -e 结尾，而在其他所有格都以 -en 结尾。一个典型的错误是把 “der nette Mann” 写成 “der netter Mann”。在不定冠词（ein, eine）之后，冠词尽可能带上定冠词词尾，而形容词本身带上强变化词尾，所以 “ein netter Mann” 是正确的。当没有冠词时，形容词几乎像定冠词一样带上强变化词尾：“guter Wein” 而不是 “gute Wein”。这些规则起初让人望而生畏，但错误主要源于学生一旦选定了冠词就不再考虑格。
Practise with a simple pattern drill. Take the phrase 'der alt___ Mann' a table and say the forms aloud: der alte, ein alter, alter. Do this for all three genders and plural. Focus especially on the accusative masculine, where 'den alten Mann' contrasts with 'einen alten Mann'. With regular spoken practice, the endings become automatic.
可以通过简单的句型练习来训练。以短语 “der alt___ Mann” 为例，系统地将冠词换成 ein、kein，然后完全去掉冠词，每次都填入正确的形容词词尾。使用表格，并大声读出这些形式：der alte、ein alter、alter。对三种词性和复数都这样练习。尤其要注意阳性的宾格形式，“den alten Mann” 与 “einen alten Mann” 形成对比。经过定期的口头练习，词尾就会变得自然而然。
5. Confusing Question Words: wo vs. wer, wann vs. wenn | 混淆疑问词：wo 和 wer，wann 和 wenn
German question words look similar to English ones, but their meanings do not always match up neatly. This leads to common interference errors that even advanced beginners make.
德语疑问词看起来和英语相似，但含义并不总是一一对应。这导致了常见的母语干扰错误，即使是进阶的初学者也会犯。
The most notorious pair is 'wo' and 'wer'. English speakers instinctively use 'wo' to mean 'who', but 'wo' actually means 'where'. 'Who' is 'wer' in German. So a student might ask 'Wo ist das?' expecting to ask who it is, when they are really asking where it is. Another confused pair is 'wann' and 'wenn'. Both can translate to 'when' in English, but 'wann' is used for direct and indirect questions about time, while 'wenn' is a conjunction meaning 'whenever' or 'if'. Writing 'Ich rufe dich an, wann ich zu Hause bin' is wrong; it must be 'wenn ich zu Hause bin'.
最臭名昭著的一对是 “wo” 和 “wer”。说英语的人本能地用 “wo” 来表示 “谁”，但 “wo” 实际上意思是 “在哪里”。“谁” 在德语里是 “wer”。因此，一个学生可能会问 “Wo ist das?”，本来想问那是谁，实际上却是在问那在哪里。另一对容易混淆的是 “wann” 和 “wenn”。两者在英语中都可以对应 “when”，但 “wann” 用于关于时间的直接和间接疑问句，而 “wenn” 是一个连词，意思是 “每当” 或 “如果”。把 “Ich rufe dich an, wann ich zu Hause bin” 写出来是错误的，必须是 “wenn ich zu Hause bin”。
To separate them, create memory hooks. Link 'wo' to the English word 'where' by noting the 'w' and the similar sound of 'wo' to 'where' if you stretch it. 'Wer' rhymes with 'her' as in 'who is her?' — it is not perfect but it reminds you of a person. For wann and wenn, memorise that 'wann' asks for a clock time or date (it contains 'ann' like 'annual'), whereas 'wenn' sets a condition or a general time. Use the phrase 'wann' fragt nach der Zeit, 'wenn' verbindet Sätze (wann asks for time, wenn connects clauses).
要区分它们，可以建立记忆挂钩。把 “wo” 和英语单词 “where” 联系起来，注意 “w” 以及如果把音拉长，“wo” 和 “where” 的发音有些相似。“Wer” 和 “her” 押韵，就像在说 “who is her?”——虽说不太完美，但能提醒你这是一个指人的词。对于 wann 和 wenn，要记住 “wann” 询问的是钟表时间或日期（它包含 “ann”，类似 “annual” 年度），而 “wenn” 设定条件或泛指的时间。使用这个口诀：“wann” fragt nach der Zeit, “wenn” verbindet Sätze（wann 问时间，wenn 连接句子）。
6. Pronunciation Pitfalls: ch and r | 发音误区：ch 和 r
German contains sounds that do not exist in English, and Year 9 students often substitute them with the nearest English sound, which can change meaning or sound unnatural. The two main problem areas are the 'ch' sounds and the 'r'.
德语包含一些英语中不存在的声音，九年级学生常常用最接近的英语音素去替代，这可能会改变语义或听上去不自然。两个主要的问题区域是 “ch” 音和 “r” 音。
After front vowels (i, e, ä, ö, ü) and consonants, 'ch' is a soft, hissing sound similar to the 'h' in 'huge' but without the voice. Many learners pronounce it as 'k' or 'sh', so 'ich' becomes 'ik' or 'ish'. After back vowels (a, o, u) the sound is a throaty, scratchy sound like the Scottish 'loch'. Students often replace this with 'k', making 'Buch' sound like 'buck' and 'Nacht' like 'nacked'. The 'r' is also challenging: the standard German 'r' is a uvular fricative or trill produced at the back of the throat, not the tip of the tongue as in English. Using an English 'r' makes you sound immediately non-native and can cause confusion with vowels.
在前元音（i、e、ä、ö、ü）和辅音之后，“ch” 是一个轻柔的嘶嘶声，类似于 “huge” 中的 “h”，但不震动声带。许多学习者把它发成 “k” 或 “sh”，于是 “ich” 变成了 “ik” 或 “ish”。在后元音（a、o、u）之后，这个音是喉咙深处发出的磨擦声，类似苏格兰语 “loch”。学生经常用 “k” 来替代，使 “Buch” 听起来像 “buck”，“Nacht” 听起来像 “nacked”。“r” 也很有挑战性：标准的德语 “r” 是小舌擦音或颤音，在喉咙后部发出，而不像英语那样用舌尖。使用英语 “r” 会立刻暴露你的非母语身份，并可能造成元音混淆。
To master these sounds, training the muscles is essential. For the soft 'ch', say a very strong 'h' with the tongue raised towards the roof of the mouth as if you are hissing like a cat. Practise contrasting 'ich' and 'isch' until you feel the difference. For the back 'ch', start with a very gentle gargling sound without voice, then practise 'Bach', 'Buch', 'Nacht'. For the 'r', try to make a soft gargling sound in your throat without the tongue touching the roof. Listen to native speakers on audio platforms and mimic their pronunciation through shadowing — repeating immediately after hearing a short phrase. Record yourself and compare.
要掌握这些音，必须训练肌肉。对于轻柔的 “ch”，发一个非常强的 “h” 音，同时将舌面抬向口腔顶部，就像猫在发出嘶嘶声一样。练习对比 “ich” 和 “isch”，直到感受到区别。对于后部的 “ch”，从非常轻柔的清嗓声开始，不震动声带，然后练习 “Bach”、“Buch”、“Nacht”。对于 “r”，尝试在喉咙中发出轻柔的漱口声，舌尖不接触上颚。在音频平台上聆听母语者，并通过跟读模仿他们的发音——在听到一个短语后立即重复。给自己录音，然后进行对比。
7. Denn vs. Weil and Word Order in Subordinate Clauses | denn 与 weil 以及从句的语序
Both 'denn' and 'weil' mean 'because', but they have different grammatical consequences. Learners often treat them as interchangeable and use the same word order for both, which results in persistent syntactic errors.
“denn” 和 “weil” 都表示 “因为”，但它们的语法后果不同。学习者常常把它们当作可互换的词，对两者使用相同的语序，从而导致反复出现的句法错误。
'Denn' is a coordinating conjunction, so the word order remains normal: subject – verb – object. 'Weil' is a subordinating conjunction, which pushes the conjugated verb to the end of the clause. A classic mistake is: 'Ich bleibe zu Hause, weil ich bin müde.' The correct version is 'weil ich müde bin.' Students also apply this error to other common subordinating conjunctions like 'dass', 'wenn', 'obwohl'. The tendency to keep the verb in second position inside a subordinate clause is deeply rooted in English sentence structure, where 'because I am tired' has exactly the same order as a main clause.
“Denn” 是并列连词，因此语序保持正常：主语 – 动词 – 宾语。“Weil” 是从属连词，它会将变位动词推到从句末尾。一个经典错误是：“Ich bleibe zu Hause, weil ich bin müde。” 正确的版本是 “weil ich müde bin。” 学生也会将这个错误应用到其他常见的从属连词上，如 “dass”、“wenn”、“obwohl”。在从句中依然把动词放在第二位，这种倾向深深植根于英语的句子结构中，因为在英语里 “because I am tired” 的语序和主句完全相同。
The most effective correction is to visualise a traffic light for subordinate clauses: as soon as you see a subordinating conjunction (red light), the verb must go to the very end of the clause (stop and wait). Practise by writing sentences with two clauses, deliberately using 'weil' and forcing yourself to move the verb. Turn simple sentences into 'weil' clauses: 'Er ist krank' becomes 'weil er krank ist.' Use a colour code to underline the conjunction in red and the verb at the end in green. Reading German texts aloud also helps, as the rhythm of verb-final clauses becomes more natural.
最有效的纠正方法是想象一个从句交通灯：一旦出现从属连词（红灯），动词就必须移到从句的最末尾（停下等待）。练习写包含两个分句的句子，有意识地使用 “weil” 并强制自己把动词往后移。将简单句改成 “weil” 从句：“Er ist krank” 变成 “weil er krank ist”。用颜色标记在连词下画红线，在从句末尾的动词下画绿线。大声朗读德语文章也有帮助，因为动词在末尾的从句节奏会变得越来越自然。
8. Prepositions that Trigger Accusative or Dative | 支配宾格或与格的介词
Prepositions in German are not only about meaning; they also determine the case of the noun that follows. Year 9 learners often memorise the meanings but forget to apply the correct case, especially with two-way prepositions.
德语介词不仅关乎含义，它们还决定后续名词的格。九年级学生在记忆含义时，常常忘记使用正确的格，尤其是在处理两用介词时。
Prepositions like 'für', 'um', 'durch', 'gegen', 'ohne' always take the accusative. A mistake such as 'Das ist für mein Vater' should be 'Das ist für meinen Vater'. Prepositions like 'mit', 'nach', 'von', 'zu', 'bei', 'seit', 'aus' always take the dative. 'Ich gehe mit der Hund' is wrong; it must be 'mit dem Hund'. The nine two-way prepositions — in, an, auf, unter, über, vor, hinter, neben, zwischen — take dative when they describe a static location (where something is) and accusative when they describe movement or direction (where something is going). Learners often use only accusative for everything or get stuck on the dative forms.
像 “für”、“um”、“durch”、“gegen”、“ohne” 这类介词总是支配宾格。一个错误例子如 “Das ist für mein Vater” 应该写成 “Das ist für meinen Vater”。像 “mit”、“nach”、“von”、“zu”、“bei”、“seit”、“aus” 等介词总是支配与格。“Ich gehe mit der Hund” 是错误的，必须是 “mit dem Hund”。九个两用介词——in、an、auf、unter、über、vor、hinter、neben、zwischen——在描述静态位置（某物在哪里）时支配与格，在描述移动或方向（某物去哪里）时支配宾格。学习者往往对一切都只用宾格，或者搞不懂与格的形式。
Create two columns: 'always accusative' and 'always dative' and memorise them with a rhyme or song. For two-way prepositions, use the 'box' test: if you can ask 'wo?' (where?) the answer is dative; if you can ask 'wohin?' (where to?) the answer is accusative. Practise with a physical object: move a pen into a box (accusative: ich lege den Stift in die Schachtel) and then describe where it is (dative: der Stift liegt in der Schachtel). Verbs like stellen (accusative) and stehen (dative), legen and liegen, setzen and sitzen are perfect for drilling this.
制作两列：“永远支配宾格” 和 “永远支配与格”，用押韵或歌曲来记忆。对于两用介词，使用 “盒子” 测试：如果你能问 “wo？”（在哪里），答案用与格；如果能问 “wohin？”（去哪里），答案用宾格。用一个实物来练习：将一支笔放进一个盒子里（宾格：ich lege den Stift in die Schachtel），然后描述它在哪里（与格：der Stift liegt in der Schachtel）。像 stellen（宾格）和 stehen（与格）、legen 和 liegen、setzen 和 sitzen 这类动词非常适合用来训练这一点。
9. Perfekt Tense: haben vs. sein as the Auxiliary | 现在完成时：haben 和 sein 作为助动词
When forming the conversational past tense (Perfekt), students must choose between 'haben' and 'sein' as the auxiliary verb. The choice depends on the main verb, but the English habit of always using 'have' causes many errors.
在构成会话中的过去时（现在完成时）时，学生必须在助动词 “haben” 和 “sein” 之间做出选择。选择取决于主动词，但英语中总是使用 “have” 的习惯导致许多错误。
Verbs of movement or change of state typically use 'sein': gehen, fahren, laufen, kommen, werden, sterben. Transitive verbs and most others use 'haben'. A very common mistake is to say 'Ich habe gegangen' instead of 'Ich bin gegangen', or 'Ich bin gelernt' instead of 'Ich habe gelernt'. The past participle often goes to the end, which also causes word order problems under pressure. Moreover, many students forget to place 'ge-' at the start of the past participle for regular weak verbs, producing forms like 'lernen' instead of 'gelernt'.
表示移动或状态变化的动词通常用 “sein”：gehen、fahren、laufen、kommen、werden、sterben。及物动词和大多数其他动词使用 “haben”。一个非常常见的错误是说 “Ich habe gegangen” 而不是 “Ich bin gegangen”，或者 “Ich bin gelernt” 而不是 “Ich habe gelernt”。过去分词通常放在句末，这在时间紧迫时也会造成语序问题。此外，许多学生忘记在规则弱动词的过去分词前加上 “ge-”，从而出现像 “lernen” 而不是 “gelernt” 这样的形式。
The most reliable strategy is to group verbs that take 'sein' into a memorable list: movement from A to B, change of state, and the verbs bleiben, sein, werden. Sing the list to a simple tune. When you learn a new verb, immediately practise its Perfekt form with both the auxiliary and the participle: 'fahren — ich bin gefahren'. Create a 'haben/sein traffic system': write the infinitive on one side of a card, and on the other side write the auxiliary plus the past participle with the auxiliary in a distinct colour. Regular drill of these pairs through timed quizzes will cement the pattern.
最可靠的策略是将使用 “sein” 的动词归入一个容易记忆的清单：从 A 到 B 的移动、状态变化，以及动词 bleiben、sein、werden。用一个简单的旋律唱出这个清单。当你学习一个新动词时，立即练习它的现在完成时形式，同时包括助动词和分词：“fahren — ich bin gefahren”。建立一个 “haben/sein 交通系统”：在卡片的一面写上动词不定式，另一面写上助动词加上过去分词，并以独特颜色突出助动词。通过限时测验定期训练这些搭配，就能巩固这个模式。
10. Time Expressions: Telling the Time and Dates | 时间表达：报时与日期
Expressing time in German involves structures that do not directly translate from English. Misusing 'halb', 'viertel' or using 'um' incorrectly for days are among the most frequent errors in Year 9 speaking and writing.
用德语表达时间涉及一些不能从英语直译过来的结构。误用 “halb”、“viertel”，或者在表示日期时错误使用 “um”，是九年级口语和写作中最常见的错误之一。
In English, 'half past three' means 3:30, but in German 'halb vier' means half to four, i.e. 3:30. Many students mistakenly think 'halb' refers to half after the hour, leading to long-term confusion. 'Viertel nach drei' means 3:15, while 'Viertel vor vier' means 3:45. Another error is saying 'um Morgen' or 'um Montag' instead of 'am Morgen' or 'am Montag'. The preposition 'um' is only used for clock times (um drei Uhr). For parts of the day and days of the week, use 'am' (am Montag). Months and seasons follow 'im' (im Juli, im Sommer).
在英语中，“half past three” 指的是 3:30，但在德语里 “halb vier” 意思是离四点还有半小时，也就是 3:30。许多学生误认为 “halb” 指的是整点过后的半小时，从而导致长期的混淆。“Viertel nach drei” 表示 3:15，而 “Viertel vor vier” 表示 3:45。另一个错误是说 “um Morgen” 或 “um Montag”，而不是 “am Morgen” 或 “am Montag”。介词 “um” 仅用于钟表时间（um drei Uhr）。对于一天中的时段和星期几，要用 “am”（am Montag）。月份和季节前用 “im”（im Juli, im Sommer）。
Draw a clock face and label the German expressions: 'fünf nach', 'zehn nach', 'Viertel nach', 'zwanzig nach', 'fünf vor halb', 'halb', 'fünf nach halb', 'zwanzig vor', 'Viertel vor', 'zehn vor', 'fünf vor'. For prepositions, create a calendar visual: 'um' for clock times, 'am' for days and parts of the day, 'im' for months and seasons. Use sentences repeatedly in context: 'Am Montag um drei Uhr im Juli.' Quiz yourself by setting your phone clock to read times in German. These vivid repetitions will make the distinctions automatic.
画一个钟面，并标上德语短语：“fünf nach”、“zehn nach”、“Viertel nach”、“zwanzig nach”、“fünf vor halb”、“halb”、“fünf nach halb”、“zwanzig vor”、“Viertel vor”、“zehn vor”、“fünf vor”。对于介词，制作一个日历视觉图：“um” 用于钟表时间，“am” 用于星期和一天中的时段，“im” 用于月份和季节。在语境中反复使用句子：“Am Montag um drei Uhr im Juli。” 把手机时钟设置成德语显示时间来考自己。这些生动的重复将使区别变得自然而然。
Published by TutorHao | German Revision Series | aleveler.com
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