📚 Year 8 Cambridge Science: Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | 八年级剑桥科学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering scientific vocabulary is the first step towards excelling in Year 8 Cambridge Science. This guide breaks down essential terms from biology, chemistry and physics and gives you memorable hooks to lock them into your long‑term memory.
掌握科学词汇是在八年级剑桥科学中脱颖而出的第一步。本指南拆解生物、化学和物理的核心术语，并为你提供难忘的挂钩，把它们牢牢锁入长期记忆。
1. The Power of Scientific Words | 科学词汇的力量
Many scientific terms are built from Latin or Greek roots. Once you recognise these building blocks, unfamiliar words suddenly make sense.
许多科学术语由拉丁语或希腊语词根构成。一旦你认出这些积木，陌生的词汇会立刻变得明白易懂。
'Photo' means light. Think of 'photography' – drawing with light. So 'photosynthesis' is the process of using light to build food.
“Photo” 意为光。想想 “photography”（摄影）——用光作画。因此 “photosynthesis”（光合作用）就是利用光制造养分的过程。
'Bio' means life. Biology is the study of life, and a 'biome' is a large community of living things.
“Bio” 意为生命。Biology 是研究生命的学科，而 “biome”（生物群系）是一个巨大的生物群落。
The suffix '-logy' means the study of something: biology, geology, ecology. Keep a root‑word chart and you will double your vocabulary overnight.
后缀 “-logy” 表示某学科的研究：biology, geology, ecology。制作一张词根表，你就能在一夜之间词汇量翻倍。
2. Cells: The Building Blocks | 细胞：生命的基本单位
Cells are the smallest independent units of life. Every living organism is made of one or more cells.
细胞是生命最小的独立单位。所有生物体都由一个或多个细胞构成。
Cell membrane – a thin, flexible barrier that controls which substances enter and leave the cell.
细胞膜 ——一层薄而柔韧的屏障，控制物质进出细胞。
Nucleus – the control centre that stores DNA and directs all cell activities. Think 'brain of the cell'.
细胞核 ——储存 DNA 并指导一切细胞活动的控制中心。想象成 “细胞的大脑”。
Cytoplasm – a jelly‑like fluid where most chemical reactions happen. Cuddle the 'cyto‑' with 'jelly' to remember its texture.
细胞质 ——大多数化学反应发生的胶状液体。把 “cyto” 联想成 “jelly” 来记住它的质地。
Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) – tiny powerhouses that release energy through respiration. Memorise: 'Mighty‑mito' makes energy!
线粒体 ——通过呼吸作用释放能量的小型发电厂。记住：“Mighty‑mito” 制造能量！
Ribosomes – tiny factories that produce proteins. They are small but mighty.
核糖体 ——生产蛋白质的微型工厂。个头虽小，力量巨大。
Chloroplasts (plant cells only) – green discs that trap sunlight for photosynthesis. 'Chloro‑' means green, 'plast' means particle.
叶绿体（仅植物细胞）—— 捕获阳光进行光合作用的绿色圆盘。“Chloro-” 表示绿色，“plast” 表示颗粒。
Cell wall (plant cells) – a rigid outer layer made of cellulose that gives the cell shape and support.
细胞壁（植物细胞）—— 由纤维素构成的坚硬外层，赋予细胞形状和支撑。
Vacuole – a large, fluid‑filled sac that stores water and nutrients. In plants, the central vacuole pushes the cytoplasm to the edge.
液泡 —— 一个充满液体的大囊，储存水分和养分。在植物中，中央液泡把细胞质挤到边缘。
3. Forces and Motion | 力与运动
A force is a push or a pull measured in newtons (N). Forces change the speed, direction or shape of an object.
力是一种推或拉的作用，单位是牛顿 (N)。力可以改变物体的速度、方向或形状。
Mass is the amount of matter in an object (kg). Weight is the gravitational pull on that mass (N). They are not the same!
质量 是物体所含物质的多少 (kg)。重量 是作用在该质量上的引力 (N)。它们并不相同！
Gravity the force of attraction between masses. On Earth, the gravitational field strength g ≈ 10 N/kg.
重力 是质量之间的吸引力。在地球上，引力场强度 g ≈ 10 N/kg。
Weight = mass × g (W = m × g)
Friction is a force that opposes motion. Air resistance and water resistance are types of friction.
摩擦力 是阻碍运动的力。空气阻力和水阻力都是摩擦力的类型。
Balanced forces keep an object at rest or moving at constant speed. Unbalanced forces cause acceleration.
平衡力 使物体保持静止或匀速运动。非平衡力 导致加速。
Speed tells you how fast something moves (m/s). Velocity adds direction to speed. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
速率 表示运动快慢 (m/s)。速度 在速率上加上了方向。加速度 是速度变化的快慢。
speed = distance ÷ time (v = d / t)
acceleration = (final velocity − initial velocity) ÷ time (a = (v − u) / t)
4. Energy Stores and Pathways | 能量储存与转移途径
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it is transferred or stored. Recognising the store helps you track energy.
能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭；它只会被转移或储存。识别能量储存类型有助于追踪能量。
Kinetic store – energy of movement. The faster and heavier, the more kinetic.
动能储存 —— 运动的能量。速度越快、质量越大，动能越多。
Gravitational potential store – energy due to height in a gravitational field. An object lifted high has GPE.
重力势能储存 —— 因在引力场中的高度而具有的能量。被举高的物体具有重力势能。
Elastic potential store – energy stored in stretched or squashed
Published by TutorHao | Year 8 Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图