📚 Year 8 SQA Maths: Key Vocabulary Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 8 SQA 数学：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your essential vocabulary guide for Year 8 SQA Mathematics. Mastering the language of maths is the first step towards solving problems confidently. This guide provides clear definitions, practical examples and clever memory tricks for each term, helping you retain them quickly and build a strong foundation for future topics.
欢迎使用这份 Year 8 SQA 数学必备词汇指南。掌握数学语言是自信解题的第一步。本指南为每个术语提供清晰的定义、实用示例和巧妙的记忆技巧，帮助你快速记忆，并为未来的学习打下坚实基础。
1. Number and Place Value | 数字与位值
Integer: An integer is any whole number that can be positive, negative or zero. Examples include -7, 0, 15 and 203. Integers do not contain fractions or decimals.
整数：整数是任意完整的数，可以是正数、负数或零。例如 -7、0、15 和 203。整数不包含分数或小数。
Memory tip: 'Integer' shares the root with 'integral' and 'entire' – think of a complete, unbroken number.
记忆技巧： “整数”与“完整”同源——想象一个没有破损的完整数字。
Negative Number: A number less than zero, written with a minus sign (−). Negative numbers appear in temperatures below zero, bank overdrafts and elevations below sea level.
负数：小于零的数，带负号（−）。负数在生活中常见于零下温度、银行透支和海拔以下深度。
Memory tip: Picture a thermometer moving downwards – negative numbers are simply 'below zero'.
记忆技巧： 想象温度计往下降——负数就是“零下”的数。
Place Value: The value of a digit determined by its position in a number. In 4382, the digit '3' stands for 300 because it occupies the hundreds place.
位值：数字中某个数字因其位置而具有的值。在 4382 中，数字“3”代表 300，因为它位于百位上。
Memory tip: Visualise columns labelled ones, tens, hundreds, thousands – the further left a digit sits, the greater its value.
记忆技巧： 想象标有个、十、百、千的竖列——数字越靠左，它的值就越大。
Rounding: Rounding means adjusting a number to a given place value, such as the nearest 10, 100 or one decimal place. If the next digit is 5 or more, we round up.
四舍五入：四舍五入是将一个数调整为指定位值，例如舍入到最接近的十、百或一位小数。如果下一位数字是 5 或以上，就进位。
Memory tip: Remember the rhyme: '5 or more, let it soar; 4 or less, let it rest.'
记忆技巧： 记住口诀：“5 以上向前进，4 以下就舍去。”
2. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages | 分数、小数和百分数
Numerator / Denominator: In a fraction, the top number is the numerator (how many parts we have) and the bottom number is the denominator (the number of equal parts the whole is divided into). In ¾, 3 is the numerator and 4 is the denominator.
分子 / 分母：分数中，上面的数是分子（我们有多少份），下面的数是分母（整体被分成了几等份）。在 ¾ 中，3 是分子，4 是分母。
Memory tip: 'Denominator' starts with 'd' just like 'down' – it is the part that goes at the bottom.
记忆技巧： 分母的“底”字可以帮助记忆——它总是在分数线的下方。
Equivalent Fractions hey are found by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number.
等值分数：尽管看起来不同但数值相同的分数，例如 ½ = 2/4 = 4/8。通过将分子和分母同时乘以或除以同一个数便能得到等值分数。
Memory tip: Think of cutting a cake into more slices; the size of the same piece can be written with different numbers.
记忆技巧： 想象把蛋糕切得更多块——同样大的一块可以用不同的分数来表示。
Decimal: A decimal uses a decimal point to separate the whole number part from the fractional part. For example, 3.25 means 3 wholes and 25 hundredths.
小数：小数用小数点把整数部分和小数部分分开。例如 3.25 表示 3 个整数和 25 个百分之一。
Memory tip: The decimal point acts like a boundary between pounds and pence or metres and centimetres.
记忆技巧： 小数点就像元和分之间的分隔符，或者米和厘米之间的界线。
Percentage: A percentage is a fraction with a denominator of 100. The symbol % means 'out of 100'. For instance, 45% is 45/100.
百分数：百分数是分母为 100 的分数。符号 % 表示“每一百”。例如 45% 就是 45/100。
Memory tip: 'Per cent' literally means 'per hundred' – break it down to remember its meaning.
记忆技巧： “百分”就是“每一百”——拆分词语便能记住它的含义。
3. Algebraic Expressions | 代数表达式
Variable: A variable is a symbol, usually a letter, that stands for an unknown number. In the expression 3x + 2, the letter x is the variable.
变量：变量是
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