📚 Year 8 CCEA Psychology: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | CCEA 八年级心理学：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your go-to guide for mastering the essential terminology in Year 8 CCEA Psychology. This article breaks down key terms into bite‑sized explanations paired with clever memory hacks, mnemonics, and real‑life examples. Whether you are preparing for a test or building a strong foundation, these vocabulary cards will help you recall concepts quickly and confidently.
欢迎阅读 Year 8 CCEA 心理学必备术语速记指南。本文把核心词汇拆解成短小精悍的解释，并配上巧妙的记忆技巧、助记法和生活实例。无论你是在备考还是想打好基础，这些词汇卡片都能帮你快速、自信地回忆概念。
1. What is Psychology? | 什么是心理学？
Psychology – The scientific study of mind and behaviour. Think 'psych‑' (mind) + '-ology' (study). Memory trick: a psychologist is a 'mind detective'.
心理学 – 对心智和行为的科学研究。记忆技巧：心理 + 学 = 研究心理的学问。
Mind – The private inner experience of thoughts, feelings and perceptions. Tip: imagine your mind as an invisible theatre where only you can watch the show.
心智 – 个人私密的思维、情感和知觉体验。记忆技巧：把心智想象成一座只有你能观看的隐形剧场。
Behaviour – Any observable action or reaction of a person or animal. Link the word to 'behave' – the things we can see people do.
行为 – 人或动物任何可观察到的动作或反应。把行为和‘表现’联系起来，就是你能看到的举动。
Cognition – All the mental activities linked to thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating. Memory aid: 'cog' sounds like 'cogwheel' – the brain’s gears turning as you think.
认知 – 与思考、认识、记忆和交流相关的全部心理活动。助记：‘cog’ 听起来像齿轮，大脑思考时就像齿轮在转动。
2. The Biological Approach | 生物学取向
Neuron – g block of the nervous system. Think of a tiny electrical wire sending messages. Mnemonic: 'Neuro' = nerve.
神经元 – 神经细胞，是神经系统的基本单位。想象一根微小的电线传递信号。记法：‘神经’元就是神经系统的细胞。
Synapse – The tiny gap between two neurons where chemicals carry the signal. Memory hack: 'synapse' rhymes with 'gap' – a synaptic gap.
突触 – 两个神经元之间的微小间隙，化学物质在此传递信号。助记：‘突触’可联想为突然接触的间隙。
Neurotransmitter – A chemical messenger that jumps across the synapse. Picture a postman delivering a letter. Example: dopamine is a neurotransmitter linked to pleasure.
神经递质 – 一种化学信使，在突触间传递信息。例如多巴胺是一种与快乐相关的神经递质。可以想象成邮递员投递信件。
Central Nervous System (CNS) – The brain and spinal cord. It’s the body’s control centre. 'Central' reminds you it’s the main hub.
中枢神经系统 – 由脑和脊髓组成，是身体的控制中心。‘中枢’即核心枢纽。
3. Cognitive Psychology | 认知心理学
Perception – The process of organising and interpreting sensory information. Memory tip: 'perception' = your personal 'picture' of the world.
知觉 – 组织、解释感觉信息的过程。记忆技巧：知觉就是你对世界的个人‘画面’。
Attention – Focusing awareness on a particular stimulus while ignoring others. Link it to a spotlight; what you attend to is lit up.
注意 – 把意识聚焦于特定刺激而忽略其他。如同聚光灯，你关注的地方就被照亮。
Schema – A mental framework that helps us organise and interpret information. Think of a filing cabinet in your brain; each folder is a schema.
图式 – 帮助组织、解释信息的心智框架。想象大脑中的文件柜，每个文件夹就是一个图式。
Metacognition – Thinking about your own thinking. 'Meta' means beyond, so metacognition is stepping back and watching how you learn.
元认知 – 对自己思考过程的思考。‘元’意为超越，元认知就是退一步审视自己的学习过程。
4. Memory | 记忆
Encoding – The process of getting information into the memory system. Imagine pressing 'record' on a camera. The first step to remembering.
编码 – 把信息输入记忆系统的过程。就像按下录像键，是记忆的第一步。
Storage – Retaining encoded information over time. Think of saving a file on your computer’s hard drive.
储存 – 将编码后的信息保留一段时间。好比把文件存入电脑硬盘。
Retrieval – Getting information out of memory storage. Like opening the saved file when you need it. Tip: 'retrieve' means to bring back.
提取 – 从记忆中取出信息。需要时打开已存文件。‘提取’即重新取出。
Short‑term memory (STM) – olds about 7 (±2) items for around 20 seconds. Chunking helps expand it. Memory aid: STM = 'Short Time Memory'.
短时记忆 – 暂时储存约 7±2 个项目，保持约 20 秒。组块化可以扩增容量。助记：短时记忆就像临时的便签。
Long‑term memory (LTM) – The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of knowledge and experiences. 'Long' signals it lasts for years.
长时记忆 – 知识、经验的相对永久且容量无限的仓库。‘长’意味着持续多年。
5. Learning Theories | 学习理论
Learning – A relatively permanent change in behaviour due to experience. It’s not just about school – every habit you form is learning.
学习 – 由于经验而产生的行为上相对持久的变化。不仅限于学校，你养成的每个习惯都是学习。
Classical conditioning – Learning through association, first demonstrated by Pavlov’s dogs. Remember: a neutral stimulus (bell) becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus (food) to trigger a response (salivation). Tip: 'classic' pairings.
经典条件作用 – 通过联结进行学习，由巴甫洛夫的狗实验证明。中性刺激（铃声）与无条件刺激（食物）联结，引发反应（流口水）。助记：经典‘配对’。
Operant conditioning – Learning based on consequences: rewards strengthen behaviour, punishments weaken it. Skinner’s box showed this. 'Operate' on the environment to get a result.
操作性条件作用 – 基于后果的学习：奖励增强行为，惩罚削弱行为。斯金纳箱证实了这一点。通过‘操作’环境获取结果。
Reinforcement – negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant. Mnemonic: reinforcement = strengthen.
强化 – 任何能增加行为再次发生概率的事件。正强化添加愉悦刺激，负强化移除厌恶刺激。助记：强化让行为变强。
6. Emotion and Motivation | 情绪与动机
Emotion – A complex state involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviours and conscious experience. Use the three‑part formula: body + expression + feeling.
情绪 – 包含生理唤醒、表达行为和意识体验的复杂状态。三部分公式：身体反应 + 外在表现 + 内心感受。
Motivation – The internal drive that pushes us to take action. 'Motive' + 'action' = the reason behind what we do. Hunger motivates eating.
动机 – 驱使我们行动的内在推力。‘动’即行动，‘机’即原因。饥饿推动进食。
Homeostasis – tain a steady internal state. Think of a thermostat keeping the room temperature constant. 'Homeo' = same, 'stasis' = standing.
体内稳态 – 身体维持内部稳定状态的倾向。好比恒温器保持室温不变。‘稳态’即稳定状态。
Empathy – to understand and share the feelings of another. Walk a mile in someone else’s shoes. Tip: 'em' = in, 'pathy' = feeling.
共情 – 理解并分享他人感受的能力。设身处地。助记：共同感受。
7. Personality | 人格
Personality – ic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting. It’s your psychological fingerprint. Mnemonic: 'person' + 'ality' = your personal quality.
人格 – 个体独特的思维、情感和行为模式，是你的心理指纹。记忆：‘个人’的特质。
Traits – Stable and enduring qualities that describe a person, such as honesty or shyness. Think of traits as the colours on your personality palette.
特质 – 描述一个人的稳定、持久的品质，如诚实、害羞。把特质想象成你人格调色盘上的颜色。
Introvert – A person who gains energy from spending time alone and prefers calm environments. 'Intro' means inward. Imagine recharging by reading a book.
内向者 – 通过独处获取能量、偏爱安静环境的人。‘内向’即转向内在。想象通过读书充电。
Extrovert – A person who gains energy from being around others and enjoys social stimulation. 'Extro' means outward. Picture thriving at a lively party.
外向者 – 通过与人相处获取能量、享受社交刺激的人。‘外向’即向外。想象在热闹派对中活力十足。
8. Social Influence | 社会影响
Conformity – roup standard. Asch’s line experiment showed how we often go along with the crowd. Memory: 'conform' = to fit the form of the group.
从众 – 调整行为或思维以符合群体标准。阿希线段实验表明我们常随大流。‘从众’即跟随大众。
Obedience – Following direct commands, often from an authority figure. Milgram’s study revealed shocking levels of obedience. 'Obedi' sounds like 'obey' – just follow orders.
服从 – 听从直接指令，常来自权威人物。米尔格拉姆实验揭示了惊人的服从程度。‘服从’即听从命令。
Social norms – The unwritten rules about how to behave in a society. Like queuing in line. 'Norms' equals 'normal' ways of acting.
社会规范 – 社会中关于如何行事的不成文规则，例如排队。‘规范’即标准行为。
Bystander effect – The tendency for people to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present. Diffused responsibility. Remember: 'more people, less help'.
旁观者效应 – 有他人在场时人们更不愿在紧急情况下伸出援手的倾向。责任分散。记住‘人越多，帮助越少’。
9. Research Methods | 研究方法
Hypothesis – A testable prediction about the relationship between variables. It’s your 'educated guess'. Write it as 'If...then...'. Example: 'If students sleep more, then their test scores will improve.'
假设 – 关于变量关系的可检验预测，即你的‘有根据的猜测’。写作‘如果……那么……’。例：如果学生多睡，考试成绩会提高。
Independent variable (IV) – The factor that is deliberately changed by the researcher. Tip: 'I' for 'I change' – the independent variable is what you manipulate.
自变量 – 研究者刻意改变的因素。助记：‘自’意味着自己可以改变。
Dependent variable (DV) – The factor that is measured; it depends on the IV. Think: the DV 'depends' on the IV.
因变量 – 被测量的因素，其变化依赖于自变量。记住‘因’变量随自变量而变化。
Control condition – The group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment, used as a baseline for comparison. A 'controlled' yardstick.
控制条件 – 实验中未接受处理的组别，用作比较基准。一把‘对照’的标尺。
Observation – A research method where behaviour is watched and recorded. Could be naturalistic (in a real setting) or structured. 'Observe' like a hidden camera.
观察法 – 通过观看、记录行为进行研究的方法。分为自然观察和结构化观察。像一架隐藏的摄像机。
10. Ethical Considerations | 伦理考量
Ethics – The moral principles that guide research, ensuring participants are protected. Key question: 'Is it right?' Remember: ethical research treats people with respect.
伦理 – 指导研究的道德准则，保护参与者。核心问题：‘这样做对吗？’伦理研究尊重每个人。
Informed consent – Participants must be told the purpose, procedures, risks and their right to withdraw before agreeing. 'Informed' means they know; 'consent' means they agree.
知情同意 – 参与者事先被告知目的、程序、风险及退出权后方可答应。‘知情’即了解，‘同意’即答应。
Confidentiality – Keeping participants' personal information secret. Data is anonymised. Mnemonic: 'confidential' = secret.
保密 – 保护参与者的个人信息不外泄，数据匿名化。助记：保密就是严守秘密。
Right to withdraw – Participants can leave a study at any time without penalty. This right must be clearly communicated. Think of an open door – you can walk out anytime.
退出权 – 参与者可随时无惩罚地退出研究。必须清楚告知。想象一扇敞开的门，随时可以离开。
Debriefing – After the study, researchers explain the true purpose and answer questions. It sets things right. 'Debrief' means to remove the 'briefing' – give the full story.
事后解释 – 研究结束后，研究者说明真实目的并答疑解惑。‘事后讲明’让一切透明。
Published by TutorHao | Psychology Revision Series | aleveler.com
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