📚 Year 8 WJEC Spanish Core Knowledge Review | Year 8 WJEC 西班牙语：核心知识点梳理
This article provides a thorough review of the essential Spanish knowledge required for Year 8 students following the WJEC curriculum. It covers key vocabulary topics, grammatical structures, and communication skills that pupils are expected to master by the end of the year. Each section is designed to strengthen understanding and build confidence for classwork, homework, and future assessments. Whether you are revising for a test or simply consolidating your learning, this guide offers clear explanations paired with practical examples.
本文全面梳理了 WJEC 课程体系下 Year 8 学生需要掌握的核心西班牙语知识点，涵盖重点词汇主题、语法结构和交际技能。每个部分旨在加深理解，增强课堂表现、作业及未来评估的信心。无论你是在备考还是巩固学习内容，本指南都提供清晰的解释和实用例句。
1. Greetings and Personal Information | 问候与个人信息
Being able to introduce yourself and exchange basic personal details is the foundation of Year 8 Spanish. You should confidently use greetings for different times of the day, ask how someone is, and respond appropriately. In addition, you need to give your name, age, birthday, nationality, and where you live, using complete sentences in the first person. These exchanges often form the opening of any conversation and are vital for building fluency.
能够介绍自己并交换基本个人信息是 Year 8 西班牙语的基础。你应熟练使用不同时段的问候语，询问对方状况并恰当回应。此外，你需要用第一人称完整句说出自己的姓名、年龄、生日、国籍和居住地。这些交流往往是任何对话的开端，对建立流利度至关重要。
Buenos días – Good morning | 早上好
Buenas tardes – Good afternoon | 下午好
Buenas noches – Good evening / Good night | 晚上好 / 晚安
¿Cómo estás? – How are you? | 你好吗？
Estoy bien / mal / regular – I'm fine / ill / so-so | 我很好 / 不好 / 一般
Me llamo... – My name is... | 我叫……
Tengo doce años – I am twelve years old | 我十二岁
Mi cumpleaños es el cinco de mayo – My birthday is on the fifth of May | 我的生日是五月五日
Soy galés / galesa – I am Welsh (m / f) | 我是威尔士人（男/女）
Vivo en Cardiff – I live in Cardiff | 我住在加的夫
2. Family, Pets and Descriptions | 家庭、宠物与人物描述
Describing your family and pets allows you to use possessive adjectives, the verbs ser and tener, and a range of adjectives. You should learn vocabulary for immediate and extended family members, as well as physical and personality traits. Remember that adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. You will also practise giving someone’s name and age, which helps you move from first-person to third-person sentences.
描述家人和宠物能让你运用物主形容词、动词 ser 和 tener，以及一系列形容词。你应学习直系和旁系亲属的词汇，以及外貌和性格特征。记住形容词在性和数上必须与所修饰的名词保持一致。你还会练习给出他人的姓名和年龄，这有助于从第一人称过渡到第三人称句子。
mi madre / mi padre – my mum / my dad | 我的妈妈 / 我的爸爸
mis abuelos – my grandparents | 我的祖父母
un hermano mayor / menor – an older / younger brother | 一个哥哥/弟弟
una hermana gemela – a twin sister | 一个双胞胎姐妹
Tengo un perro y dos gatos – I have a dog and two cats | 我有一只狗和两只猫
Mi padre es alto y moreno – My dad is tall and dark-haired | 我爸爸高个子、黑头发
Mi hermana es simpática y habladora – My sister is nice and talkative | 我妹妹人很好、爱说话
Lleva gafas – He / She wears glasses | 他/她戴眼镜
Se llama Pedro y tiene trece años – His name is Pedro and he is thirteen | 他叫佩德罗，十三岁
3. School Subjects, Opinions and Timetable | 学校科目、观点与课程表
You need to name school subjects, say which ones you like or dislike, and justify your opinions using adjectives. You will also learn to describe your timetable, including days of the week and times. Key verbs such as estudiar, gustar, and tener are used frequently. Be careful with the structure ‘me gusta’ + singular noun / infinitive, and ‘me gustan’ + plural noun.
你需要说出学校科目的名称，表达喜欢或不喜欢，并用形容词说明理由。你还会学习描述课程表，包括星期和时间。常用动词如 estudiar、gustar 和 tener。请注意 “me gusta + 单数名词/动词原形” 和 “me gustan + 复数名词” 的结构。
las matemáticas – maths | 数学
el inglés – English | 英语
las ciencias – science | 科学
la historia – history | 历史
la educación física – PE | 体育
Me gusta el dibujo porque es creativo – I like art because it is creative | 我喜欢美术，因为它有创意
No me gustan las ciencias, son difíciles – I don't like science; it's difficult | 我不喜欢科学，因为它很难
Los lunes tengo matemáticas a las nueve – On Mondays I have maths at nine o'clock | 周一我九点有数学课
Mi asignatura preferida es el español – My favourite subject is Spanish | 我最喜欢的科目是西班牙语
4. Daily Routine and Telling the Time | 日常生活与时间表达
Describing your daily routine requires reflexive verbs in the present tense. You will learn to say what time you get up, wash, have breakfast, leave home, and go to bed. Telling the time is essential, so make sure you can use both analogue and digital formats, including expressions such as ‘y cuarto’, ‘y media’, and ‘menos’. You will also use sequencing words to structure your account of a typical day.
描述日常生活需要使用现在时的反身动词。你将学习表达起床、洗漱、吃早餐、出门和睡觉的时间。表达时间至关重要，因此请确保能使用传统和数字两种形式，包括 “y cuarto”、“y media” 和 “menos”。你还会使用表示顺序的词语来组织对典型一天的描述。
Me despierto a las siete – I wake up at seven | 我七点醒来
Me levanto y me ducho – I get up and I shower | 我起床并淋浴
Desayuno cereales con leche – I have cereal with milk for breakfast | 我早餐吃麦片加牛奶
Salgo de casa a las ocho y cuarto – I leave home at quarter past eight | 我八点一刻出门
Vuelvo a casa a las cuatro menos veinte – I return home at twenty to four | 我四点差二十回家
Me acuesto a las diez – I go to bed at ten | 我十点上床睡觉
Primero, luego, después, finalmente – first, then, afterwards, finally | 首先，然后，之后，最后
5. Hobbies and Free Time | 爱好与空闲时间
Talking about what you do in your free time lets you use a variety of present-tense verbs and the structure ‘jugar a’ + sport. You should be able to say which activities you enjoy, how often you do them, and who you do them with. Weather-linked phrases are also useful here, as free time often depends on the season. Extend your answers with opinions and future intentions to reach a higher level.
谈论你在空闲时间做什么能让你运用各种现在时动词和 “jugar a + 运动” 的结构。你应能说出你喜欢哪些活动、多久做一次、和谁一起做。在此连接天气短语也很有用，因为空闲时间常常因季节而异。用观点和未来打算来扩展回答可以达到更高水平。
En mi tiempo libre me gusta escuchar música – In my free time I like listening to music | 在空闲时间我喜欢听音乐
Juego al fútbol los sábados – I play football on Saturdays | 我周六踢足球
Toco la guitarra – I play the guitar | 我弹吉他
Voy al cine con mis amigos – I go to the cinema with my friends | 我和朋友去电影院
A veces monto en bici si hace buen tiempo – Sometimes I ride my bike if the weather is good | 天气好的话我有时骑自行车
Me encanta dibujar porque es relajante – I love drawing because it’s relaxing | 我热爱画画，因为它让人放松
El fin de semana voy a jugar al baloncesto – At the weekend I am going to play basketball | 周末我要去打篮球
6. Food, Drink and Mealtimes | 食物、饮料与用餐时间
Being able to order food and discuss eating habits is both practical and engaging. You need to learn a wide range of food and drink items, meals of the day, and phrases for expressing likes and dislikes. Pay attention to the difference between ‘desayunar’, ‘almorzar’, ‘comer’ and ‘cenar’. You will also practise using the verbs tomar and beber, as well as quantities and containers.
能点餐和讨论饮食习惯既实用又有趣。你需要学习丰富的食物和饮料词汇、一日三餐，以及表达喜好和厌恶的短语。请注意 “desayunar”、“almorzar”、“comer” 和 “cenar” 的区别。你也将练习使用动词 tomar 和 beber，以及数量和容器表达。
el desayuno / el almuerzo / la cena – breakfast / lunch / dinner | 早餐 / 午餐 / 晚餐
Como fruta y yogur para el desayuno – I eat fruit and yoghurt for breakfast | 我早餐吃水果和酸奶
Bebo agua y zumo de naranja – I drink water and orange juice | 我喝水和橙汁
Me gusta la pizza pero no me gusta la ensalada – I like pizza but I don't like salad | 我喜欢披萨，但不喜欢沙拉
¿Qué quieres comer? – What do you want to eat? | 你想吃什么？
Quiero un bocadillo de jamón y un refresco, por favor – I would like a ham sandwich and a soft drink, please | 我想要一个火腿三明治和一杯软饮料
Para cenar tomamos pescado con verduras – For dinner we have fish with vegetables | 晚餐我们吃鱼配蔬菜
una botella de, un paquete de, un kilo de – a bottle of, a packet of, a kilo of | 一瓶，一包，一公斤
7. My Town and Giving Directions | 我的城镇与指路
Describing where you live and being able to give simple directions is a key skill. You will learn vocabulary for places in town, prepositions of location, and phrases for asking and giving directions. The verb estar is used for location, while hay is used to say what there is. Practice the imperative in its basic form for giving commands such as ‘turn’ or ‘go straight on’.
描述居住地并能简单指路是一项关键技能。你将学习城镇中的场所词汇、方位介词，以及询问和指路的短语。动词 estar 用于表示位置，而 hay 用于表达存在的事物。练习基本命令式，如 “转弯” 或 “直走”。
Vivo en un pueblo pequeño en la costa – I live in a small town on the coast | 我住在海边的一个小镇
En mi ciudad hay un cine, un parque y muchas tiendas – In my town there is a cinema, a park and many shops | 在我的城市有一家电影院、一个公园和许多商店
La panadería está al lado del banco – The bakery is next to the bank | 面包店在银行旁边
¿Dónde está la estación de tren? – Where is the train station? | 火车站在哪里？
Todo recto – straight ahead | 直走
Gira a la derecha / a la izquierda – turn right / left | 向右转 / 向左转
Está enfrente de la iglesia – It's opposite the church | 在教堂对面
cruza la plaza – cross the square | 穿过广场
8. Weather and Seasons | 天气与季节
Weather expressions are very common in everyday conversation and are often needed to explain what you do depending on the climate. You will revise the four seasons and a range of weather phrases using hace, está, and hay. Being able to combine weather and free-time activities in one sentence shows a higher level of linguistic control.
天气表达在日常对话中非常常见，通常需要用来解释根据气候你做什么活动。你将复习四季和一系列使用 hace、está 和 hay 的天气短语。能够将天气和空闲活动结合在一个句子中，可以展示更高层次的语言驾驭能力。
la primavera, el verano, el otoño, el invierno – spring, summer, autumn, winter | 春，夏，秋，冬
Hace calor / frío / viento / sol – It's hot / cold / windy / sunny | 天热 / 冷 / 有风 / 晴天
Está nublado / lloviendo – It's cloudy / raining | 多云 / 下雨
Hay tormenta / niebla – There is a storm / fog | 有暴风雨 / 雾
En verano hace buen tiempo, así que voy a la playa – In summer the weather is nice, so I go to the beach | 夏天天气好，所以我去海滩
Cuando llueve, me quedo en casa y leo un libro – When it rains, I stay at home and read a book | 下雨时，我待在家里读书
Nieva en invierno; a veces juego con la nieve – It snows in winter; sometimes I play in the snow | 冬天下雪；有时我玩雪
9. Core Grammar: Present-Tense Regular Verbs | 核心语法：现在时规则动词
By Year 8 you should be confident conjugating regular -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs in the present tense. This means knowing the endings for each person and being able to apply them to new verbs you encounter. Accurate verb conjugation is the engine of Spanish sentences, so regular practice with common verbs like hablar, comer, and vivir will bring your spoken and written work to life.
到 Year 8，你应该能够熟练地变位 -AR、-ER 和 -IR 规则动词的现在时形式。这意味着要知道各个人称的词尾，并能将其运用到遇到的新动词上。准确的动词变位是西班牙语句子的引擎，因此经常练习 hablar、comer 和 vivir 等常用动词，会让你的口语和书面表达充满活力。
Regular verb patterns:
规则动词变形模式：
| Person | -AR (hablar) | -ER (comer) | -IR (vivir) |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | hablo | como | vivo |
| tú | hablas | comes | vives |
| él / ella / usted | habla | come | vive |
| nosotros / nosotras | hablamos | comemos | vivimos |
| vosotros / vosotras | habláis | coméis | vivís |
| ellos / ellas / ustedes | hablan | comen | viven |
Remember to drop the -AR, -ER or -IR ending and add the appropriate person ending. Practice with verbs like estudiar (to study), aprender (to learn), and escribir (to write). Always check that the verb form matches the subject of your sentence.
请记住去掉 -AR、-ER 或 -IR 词尾，然后加上相应的人称词尾。用诸如 estudiar（学习）、aprender（学习）和 escribir（写）等动词进行练习。务必检查动词形式与句子主语是否匹配。
10. Core Grammar: Key Irregular Verbs Ser, Estar, Tener | 核心语法：关键不规则动词 Ser, Estar, Tener
Three of the most important irregular verbs are ser (to be, permanent), estar (to be, temporary/location) and tener (to have). You must learn their full conjugations by heart because they are used constantly when describing people, feelings, location, age, and possession. Mixing up ser and estar is a common mistake, so focus on their different uses.
最重要的不规则动词中有三个是 ser（是，永久特征）、estar（是，暂时状态/位置）和 tener（有）。你必须熟记它们的完整变位，因为在描述人物、感觉、地点、年龄和所有物时经常使用。混淆 ser 和 estar 是一个常见错误，因此要重点掌握它们的不同用法。
| Person | ser | estar | tener |
|---|---|---|---|
| yo | soy | estoy | tengo |
| tú | eres | estás | tienes |
| él/ella/usted | es | está | tiene |
| nosotros/as | somos | estamos | tenemos |
| vosotros/as | sois | estáis | tenéis |
| ellos/ellas/ustedes | son | están | tienen |
Use ser for identity, origin, permanent characteristics, time, and dates. Use estar for location, temporary states, and the present progressive. Tener expresses possession, age, and some sensations like hunger or thirst: tengo hambre (I'm hungry), tienes sed (you're thirsty).
ser 用于身份、来源、永久特征、时间和日期。estar 用于地点、暂时状态和现在进行时。tener 表示拥有、年龄和某些感觉，如饥饿或口渴：tengo hambre（我饿了），tienes sed（你渴了）。
11. Adjective Agreement and Word Order | 形容词一致与词序
In Spanish, adjectives must match the noun they describe in both gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural). Most adjectives ending in -o change to -a for feminine, and add -s for plural. Those ending in -e or a consonant generally have the same form for masculine and feminine but still add -es for plural. The typical word order places the adjective after the noun, unlike in English. Getting this right makes your Spanish sound accurate and natural.
在西班牙语中，形容词必须在性（阳性/阴性）和数（单数/复数）上与所修饰的名词保持一致。大多数以 -o 结尾的形容词在变为阴性时改为 -a，复数时加上 -s。以 -e 或辅音结尾的形容词通常阳性和阴性形式相同，但复数仍加 -es。典型词序将形容词放在名词之后，这与英语不同。正确掌握这一点能让你的西班牙语听起来准确自然。
un libro rojo – a red book (masculine singular) | 一本红色的书
una casa roja – a red house (feminine singular) | 一栋红色的房子
libros rojos – red books (masculine plural) | 红色的书
casas rojas – red houses (feminine plural) | 红色的房子
un chico inteligente – an intelligent boy | 一个聪明的男孩
una chica inteligente – an intelligent girl | 一个聪明的女孩
unos ejercicios difíciles – some difficult exercises | 一些困难的练习
unas preguntas fáciles – some easy questions | 一些简单的问题
When describing someone's physical appearance or personality, always check if the subject is male or female. For example, 'my sister is funny' becomes mi hermana es divertida, while 'my brother is funny' is mi hermano es divertido. This rule applies every time you use an adjective.
在描述某人的外貌或性格时，务必检查主语是男性还是女性。例如，“我妹妹很有趣” 是 mi hermana es divertida，而 “我哥哥很有趣” 是 mi hermano es divertido。每次使用形容词时这一规则都适用。
12. Asking Questions and Giving Opinions | 提问与表达观点
Forming questions correctly allows you to take part in real conversations. In Spanish, you can make a question simply by using rising intonation, but you will also learn question words such as qué, cuándo, dónde, quién, cómo, and por qué. Giving extended opinions requires connectives and a range of opinion phrases beyond just me gusta / no me gusta. Using porque to justify your views is a requirement for higher marks.
正确提问能让你参与真实的对话。西班牙语中，只需用上扬语调即可构成问句，但你也会学习疑问词，如 qué、cuándo、dónde、quién、cómo 和 por qué。给出扩展观点需要连接词和一系列不仅仅是 me gusta / no me gusta 的观点短语。用 porque 来说明理由是获取高分的要求。
¿Qué haces los fines de semana? – What do you do at weekends? | 你周末做什么？
¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños? – When is your birthday? | 你的生日是什么时候？
¿Dónde vives? – Where do you live? | 你住在哪里？
¿Quién es tu mejor amigo? – Who is your best friend? | 谁是你最好的朋友？
¿Cómo vas al instituto? – How do you get to school? | 你怎么去上学？
¿Por qué te gusta el deporte? – Why do you like sport? | 你为什么喜欢运动？
Creo que... / Pienso que... – I believe that... / I think that... | 我认为…… / 我觉得……
En mi opinión, el español es divertido e interesante – In my opinion, Spanish is fun and interesting | 在我看来，西班牙语既有趣又有意思
Me gusta mucho... porque... – I really like... because... | 我非常喜欢……因为……
No soporto... / Odio... – I can't stand... / I hate... | 我受不了…… / 我讨厌……
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