Year 8 WJEC Computer Science Mock Test Walkthrough | Year 8 WJEC 计算机：单元测试模拟卷解析

📚 Year 8 WJEC Computer Science Mock Test Walkthrough | Year 8 WJEC 计算机：单元测试模拟卷解析

Welcome to the mock test walkthrough for the Year 8 WJEC Computer Science unit. This article is designed to help you check your understanding of key topics, learn from common mistakes, and feel confident before the real assessment. We will go through typical questions covering hardware, software, binary, networks, programming concepts and more, with clear explanations for each answer.

欢迎来到 Year 8 WJEC 计算机科学单元模拟测试解析。本文旨在帮助你检查对关键知识点的理解，从常见错误中学习，并在真正评估前建立信心。我们将逐一解析涵盖硬件、软件、二进制、网络、编程概念等主题的典型题目，并为每个答案提供清晰的解释。

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1. Hardware and Software | 硬件与软件

Question: Define hardware and software, and give one example of each. Answer: Hardware is the physical components of a computer system that you can touch, such as the monitor, keyboard, or internal parts like the CPU. Software is a set of instructions or programs that tell the hardware what to do; examples include operating systems (Windows) and applications (Microsoft Word).

问题：定义硬件和软件，并各举一个例子。答案：硬件是计算机系统中你可以触摸到的物理部件，如显示器、键盘，或像 CPU 这样的内部零件。软件是指示硬件如何运作的一组指令或程序；例如操作系统 (Windows) 和应用程序 (Microsoft Word)。

Question: Describe what an embedded system is and provide a real-life example. Answer: An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system. It is usually a microprocessor with software stored on read-only memory. A common example is the control system inside a washing machine that manages wash cycles, temperature, and spin speed.

问题：描述什么是嵌入式系统，并给出一个现实生活中的例子。答案：嵌入式系统是在一个更大的机械或电子系统中具有特定功能的计算机系统。它通常是一个带有存储在只读存储器上的软件的微处理器。一个常见的例子是洗衣机内部的控制系统，它管理洗涤周期、温度和脱水速度。

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2. Input and Output Devices | 输入与输出设备

Question: Identify two input devices and explain what type of data they capture. Answer: A keyboard is an input device that allows the user to enter text and commands by pressing keys. A microphone is an input device that captures sound waves and converts them into digital audio signals that the computer can process.

问题：指出两种输入设备，并解释它们捕获何种类型的数据。答案：键盘是一种输入设备，用户通过按键输入文本和命令。麦克风是一种输入设备，它捕获声波并将其转换为计算机可以处理的数字音频信号。

Question: A touchscreen can be both an input and an output device. Explain why. Answer: A touchscreen acts as an output device because it displays visual information using pixels on a screen. At the same time, it is an input device because it detects physical touch (such as a finger tap or swipe) and sends those coordinates to the processor. Combining input and output in one component is typical in modern smartphones and tablets.

问题：触摸屏既可以是输入设备也可以是输出设备。解释原因。答案：触摸屏作为输出设备是因为它利用屏幕上的像素显示视觉信息。同时，它是一个输入设备，因为它检测物理触摸（例如手指点击或滑动）并将这些坐标发送给处理器。在现代智能手机和平板电脑中，将输入和输出结合在一个组件上是很典型的。

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3. Storage and Memory | 存储与内存

Question: What is the difference between primary memory and secondary storage? Give an example of each. Answer: Primary memory (such as RAM) is directly accessible by the CPU and is volatile, meaning data is lost when power is turned off. Secondary storage (like an SSD or hard disk drive) is non-volatile and used for long-term data retention, storing programs and files even when the computer is switched off.

问题：主存和辅助存储之间有什么区别？各举一个例子。答案：主存（例如 RAM）可由 CPU 直接访问，且是易失性的，即断电后数据会丢失。辅助存储（如固态硬盘或硬盘驱动器）是非易失性的，用于长期保存数据，即使计算机关闭后也能存储程序和文件。

Question: Explain why a laptop would use an SSD rather than a traditional hard disk. Answer: SSDs (Solid State Drives) have no moving parts, making them faster, quieter, and more durable than traditional magnetic hard drives. They also consume less power, which is particularly important for battery life in laptops. However, SSDs are generally more expensive per gigabyte of storage.

问题：说明为什么笔记本电脑会使用固态硬盘而不是传统硬盘。答案：固态硬盘 (SSD) 没有移动部件，因此比传统磁性硬盘更快、更安静且更耐用。它们还消耗更少的电力，这对笔记本电脑的电池续航特别重要。不过，SSD 每 GB 的存储成本通常更高。

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4. Binary and Data Representation | 二进制与数据表示

Question: Convert the 8-bit binary number 11001011 into denary. Answer: 28, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1): 128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 203. So 11001011₂ = 203₁₀.

问题：将 8 位二进制数 11001011 转换为十进制。答案：使用位值 (128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1)：128 + 64 +

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