📚 Year 8 WJEC Engineering: Rapid Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | WJEC Year 8 工程：术语速记指南
Engineering vocabulary can feel like a whole new language, but with smart memory tricks you can make every term stick. This guide breaks down the key words you will meet in Year 8 WJEC Engineering into themed clusters, pairing each one with a simple definition and a memorisation hook.
工程术语可能像一门全新的语言，但通过巧妙的记忆技巧，你可以让每个词都深深印入脑海。本指南将你在 WJEC Year 8 工程课程中遇到的关键词汇按主题分组，每个术语都配有简单定义和记忆钩子。
1. Materials and Properties | 材料与性能
Ferrous metal – a metal containing iron, making it magnetic and prone to rust. Think ferrous = iron-bearing; both words contain the sound 'fer'.
黑色金属 – 含铁金属，具有磁性且容易生锈。记住“ferrous”和“iron”都有“铁”的意思，联想“ferrous”中的“fer”与“ferrum”（拉丁语的铁）。
Non-ferrous metal – a metal without iron, such as aluminium or copper. It will not rust and is often lighter. Memory hook: non means no, so no iron = no rust.
有色金属 – 不含铁的金属，例如铝或铜。它不会生锈，通常更轻。记忆技巧：non 表示没有，所以没有铁就没有铁锈。
Tensile strength – the ability of a material to resist being pulled apart. Picture a tug of war; the rope's tensile strength stops it from snapping.
抗拉强度 – 材料抵抗被拉断的能力。想象一场拔河比赛，绳子的抗拉强度使它不会被扯断。
Hardness – resistance to being scratched or dented. Think of a diamond’s hardness; only a diamond can scratch another diamond.
硬度 – 抵抗划伤或压凹的能力。想想钻石的硬度，只有钻石才能划伤另一颗钻石。
2. Forces and Loads | 力与载荷
Compression – a pushing force that squeezes a material. Imagine pressing a spring together; it is under compression.
压力（压缩） – 一种将材料挤压的推力。想象把弹簧压在一起，它就受到压缩。
Tension – a pulling force that stretches a material. A rubber band stretched between your fingers is in tension.
拉力（拉伸） – 一种将材料拉伸的拉力。用手指拉伸橡皮筋，它就处于拉伸状态。
Torsion – a twisting force. When you wring out a wet cloth, you apply torsion.
扭转力 – 一种扭转的力。当你拧干湿布时，你就在施加扭转力。
Shear – a cutting force that makes parts slide past each other. Scissors use shear force to cut paper.
剪切力 – 使各部分相互滑动的切割力。剪刀利用剪切力来剪纸。
3. Structures and Stability | 结构与稳定性
Triangulation – using triangles in a frame to make it rigid. Triangles cannot change shape without breaking, unlike squares. Look at a bridge truss to see triangulation at work.
三角加固 – 在框架中使用三角形使其具有刚性。三角形不像方形那样会变形，观察桥梁桁架就能看到三角加固的应用。
Strut – a structural member designed to resist compression. The legs of a chair act as struts when you sit down.
压杆 – 用于抵抗压缩的结构构件。当你坐下时，椅子的腿就充当压杆。
Tie – a structural member designed to resist tension. The cables on a suspension bridge are ties.
拉杆 – 用于抵抗拉伸的结构构件。悬索桥上的钢缆就是拉杆。
Centre of gravity – the point where all of an object's weight appears to act. A low centre of gravity makes a car more stable on bends.
重心 – 物体所有重量似乎集中作用的点。低重心能让汽车在弯道上更稳定。
4. Mechanisms and Motion | 机构与运动
Lever – a rigid bar that pivots on a fulcrum to move a load. Class 1 levers have the fulcrum between effort and load, like a seesaw.
杠杆 – 一根在支点上转动的刚性杆，用于移动负载。第一类杠杆支点在施力点和负载之间，像跷跷板。
Gear ratio – the relationship between the number of teeth on two meshing gears. A small gear driving a larger one multiplies torque but reduces speed.
齿轮比 – 两个啮合齿轮齿数之间的关系。小齿轮驱动大齿轮可以倍增扭矩，但会降低转速。
Pulley – a wheel with a groove for a rope or belt, used to change the direction of a force or gain mechanical advantage.
滑轮 – 一个带有绳槽或带槽的轮子，用于改变力的方向或获得机械效益。
Reciprocating motion – back-and-forth movement in a straight line, like the piston in a bicycle pump.
往复运动 – 沿直线来回运动，比如打气筒里的活塞。
5. Electronics Basics | 电子基础
Voltage (V) – the electrical pressure that pushes current around a circuit. Measured in volts. Think of it like water pressure in a pipe.
电压 (V) – 推动电流在电路中流动的电压力，以伏特为单位。把它想象成水管中的水压。
Current (I) – the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (amps). It is the rate at which electrons move.
电流 (I) – 电荷的流动，以安培为单位。是电子移动的速率。
Resistance (R) – opposition to current flow, measured in ohms (Ω). A thin wire has more resistance than a thick one.
电阻 (R) – 对电流流动的阻碍，以欧姆 (Ω) 为单位。细导线的电阻比粗导线大。
LED – ry little current and is energy-efficient. Remember: LED = Little Electric Drops of light.
发光二极管 – 只需要很小电流就能发光，且节能。可以记成“LED = 小小的电光点”。
6. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺
Casting – pouring molten material into a mould to set into a shape. Think of making jelly: liquid goes in, solid comes out.
铸造 – 将熔融材料倒入模具中，待其凝固成形。就像做果冻：液体倒进去，固体拿出来。
Forming – shaping material by bending, pressing, or hammering without cutting. Stamping car body panels is a forming process.
成形 – 通过弯曲、冲压或锤击使材料成形，无需切削。冲压汽车车身面板就是一种成形工艺。
Machining – removing material using cutting tools, like drilling or milling. It produces precise dimensions and a smooth finish.
机械加工 – 使用切削工具（如钻孔或铣削）去除材料。它能获得精确的尺寸和光滑的表面。
Additive manufacturing – building objects layer by layer, such as 3D printing. Additive means material is added, not taken away.
增材制造 – 逐层构建物体，例如 3D 打印。“增材”指材料是添加而不是去除的。
7. Tools and Equipment | 工具与设备
Vernier calliper – a precision measuring tool that can take internal, external, and depth measurements. It reads to 0.1 mm or better. Remember the sliding scale gives very accurate readings.
游标卡尺 – 一种精密测量工具，可测量内径、外径和深度，读数可精确到 0.1 mm 或更高。记住，滑动副尺能给出非常精确的读数。
Engineer's square – a tool used to check right angles and mark perpendicular lines. The blade is fixed at exactly 90° to the stock.
直角尺 – 用于检查直角和标记垂直线的工具。尺身与底座精确成 90°。
Hacksaw – a fine-toothed saw for cutting metal. The blade is held under tension in the frame to keep it straight.
钢锯 – 一种细齿锯，用于切割金属。锯条在框架内被拉紧以保持平直。
Centre punch – a pointed tool used to mark the centre of a hole before drilling. It makes a small dent to guide the drill bit.
中心冲 – 一种尖头工具，用于在钻孔前标出孔的中心。它打出一个凹点来引导钻头。
8. Design Process | 设计流程
Brief – a clear statement of what the design must achieve. It is the starting point that defines the problem or need.
设计任务书 – 清晰陈述设计必须达到的目标。它是定义问题或需求的出发点。
Specification – a detailed list of requirements the final product must meet, such as size, materials, and cost.
设计规格 – 最终产品必须满足的详细要求列表，如尺寸、材料和成本。
Prototype – an early sample or model built to test a design. It helps find problems before mass production.
原型 – 为测试设计而制作的早期样品或模型。它有助于在大规模生产前发现问题。
Iteration – a cycle of testing and improving a design. Each version gets closer to the ideal solution.
迭代 – 测试和改进设计的循环。每个版本都更接近理想的解决方案。
9. Health and Safety | 健康与安全
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) – gear worn to protect against hazards, such as goggles, gloves, and steel-toe boots.
个人防护装备 – 为防护危险而穿戴的装备，例如护目镜、手套和钢头靴。
Risk assessment – identifying potential dangers in an activity and deciding how to control them. It is a five-step process: identify, decide, evaluate, record, review.
风险评估 – 识别活动中的潜在危险，并决定如何控制它们。这是一个五步过程：识别、决定、评估、记录、复查。
Guarding – a safety feature that covers moving machine parts. Never remove a guard without permission.
防护罩 – 覆盖机器运动部件的安全装置。未经允许切勿拆除防护罩。
Hazard – anything that could cause harm, like a hot surface or a sharp blade.
危险源 – 任何可能造成伤害的事物，如热表面或锋利的刀片。
10. Energy and Power | 能量与动力
Renewable energy – energy from sources that do not run out, such as solar, wind, and hydro. They are replenished naturally.
可再生能源 – 来自不会枯竭的能源，如太阳能、风能和水能。它们可以自然补充。
Non-renewable energy – energy from finite sources like coal, oil, and natural gas. They release carbon dioxide when burned.
不可再生能源 – 来自有限资源的能源，如煤、石油和天然气。它们燃烧时释放二氧化碳。
Mechanical advantage – the ratio of output force to input force in a mechanism. A lever with a mechanical advantage of 3 triples your effort.
机械效益 – 机构中输出力与输入力之比。机械效益为 3 的杠杆能将你的作用力增大两倍。
Friction – a force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. Lubricants reduce friction and wear.
摩擦力 – 阻碍两接触表面相对运动的力。润滑剂可减小摩擦和磨损。
11. Measurement and Marking | 测量与标记
Tolerance – it of variation in a dimension. If a part must be 10 mm ± 0.5 mm, the tolerance is 0.5 mm.
公差 – 尺寸允许的变化范围。如果一个零件必须是 10 mm ± 0.5 mm，那么公差就是 0.5 mm。
Scriber – a sharp tool used to scratch fine lines on metal for marking. It works like a pencil for metal.
划线针 – 一种尖锐工具，用于在金属上划出细线进行标记。它的作用就像金属上用的铅笔。
Try square – another name for an engineer's square; used to test squareness and mark 90° lines.
检验角尺 – 直角尺的另一种名称；用于检验垂直度和标记 90° 线。
Odd-leg calliper – a marking tool with one straight leg and one bent leg, used to scribe a line parallel to an edge.
单脚卡尺 – 一种标记工具，一脚直一脚弯，用于划出与边缘平行的线。
12. Joints and Fasteners | 接合与紧固件
Permanent joint – a joint that cannot be taken apart without damage, such as welding, soldering, or riveting.
永久接合 – 不破坏就无法拆开的连接，如焊接、钎焊或铆接。
Temporary joint – a joint that can be disassembled without damage, using nuts and bolts, screws, or clips.
临时接合 – 可以无损拆卸的连接，使用螺母和螺栓、螺钉或卡扣。
Thread – the helical ridge on a screw or bolt that allows it to grip into a material or nut. A coarse thread cuts deeper and is faster to assemble.
螺纹 – 螺钉或螺栓上的螺旋脊，使其能够咬入材料或螺母。粗牙螺纹切割更深、装配更快。
Pop rivet – a fastener used to join thin sheets. A special tool pulls the mandrel until the rivet body expands and snaps off.
抽芯铆钉 – 用于连接薄板的紧固件。专用工具拉动芯轴，直到铆钉体膨胀并断裂。
Published by TutorHao | WJEC Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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