📚 Year 8 WJEC Media Studies: Exam Techniques and Marking Criteria | Year 8 WJEC 媒体：答题技巧与评分标准
This guide breaks down exactly what you need to do to succeed in your Year 8 WJEC Media Studies assessments. It explains the key marking criteria, shows you how to structure high-quality answers, and provides practical techniques for analysing media texts. Whether you are writing about a film poster, a television opening, a magazine cover or a video game, mastering these skills will help you demonstrate the knowledge and understanding examiners expect.
本指南详细拆解了在 Year 8 WJEC 媒体课程评估中取得优异成绩所需的方法。它将为你解释关键评分标准，展示如何组织高质量答案，并提供分析媒体文本的实用技巧。无论你正在撰写关于电影海报、电视剧开场、杂志封面还是电子游戏的分析，掌握这些技能都能帮助你展现出考官期望的知识与理解。
1. Understanding the Assessment Objectives (AOs) | 了解评分目标
WJEC Media Studies assessments are built around Assessment Objectives. Even at Year 8 level, your teacher will be looking for evidence of three main skills: recalling knowledge and using media terminology accurately (AO1), applying knowledge to analyse how media products create meaning (AO2), and making judgements about effectiveness, audience appeal or representation (AO3). Showing you can do all three will consistently move your work into the higher mark bands.
WJEC 媒体课程评估围绕评分目标设计。即使在 Year 8 阶段，老师也会寻找三方面的核心能力：准确回忆知识并使用媒体术语（AO1），运用知识分析媒体产品如何创造意义（AO2），以及对效果、受众吸引力或表征做出判断（AO3）。能够同时展现这三项能力，将帮助你稳定进入高分段。
For AO1, you need to name the product, identify its media form and genre, and use correct technical language such as 'long shot', 'diegetic sound' or 'mode of address'. Never just write 'the picture shows a man'. Instead, write 'the mid-shot frames a male character centrally, using direct address to engage the target audience'.
对于 AO1，你需要说出产品名称，识别其媒体形式和类型，并使用正确的技术语言，例如“远景”“剧情内声音”或“表达方式”。不要只写“图片上有一个男人”，而要写“中景镜头将男性角色置于中心，使用直视观众的交流方式吸引目标受众”。
For AO2, you must go beyond description and explain why a particular technical code or convention has been used. Link it to meaning, narrative or audience interpretation. For example, explain that the low-key lighting in a crime drama trailer builds a sense of mystery and signals the genre to the viewer.
对于 AO2，你必须超越描述，解释某个技术符码或惯例为何被使用。将其与意义、叙事或受众解读联系起来。例如，解释犯罪题材预告片中的低光照明如何营造神秘感，并向观众传递类型信息。
For AO3, you are expected to evaluate. This might involve discussing whether a stereotype is challenged or reinforced, assessing the effectiveness of a slogan, or comparing two representations of the same social group across different products. Use phrases like 'this is effective because...' or 'the representation is problematic as it...'
对于 AO3，你应当进行评估。这可以包括讨论某种刻板印象是被挑战还是被强化了，评价一句广告语的有效性，或者比较不同产品对同一社会群体的两种表征。使用类似“这个手法有效是因为……”或“这种表征存在争议，因为它……”的表达。
2. Decoding Command Words | 破解指令词
Every question contains a command word that tells you exactly what kind of answer is required. Misreading these words is one of the quickest ways to lose marks. The four most common command words in Year 8 WJEC Media Studies are 'identify', 'describe', 'explain' and 'evaluate'.
每道题目都包含一个指令词，它明确告诉你需要给出何种类型的答案。误读这些词是丢掉分数的最快方式之一。Year 8 WJEC 媒体课程中最常见的四个指令词是“识别”“描述”“解释”和“评估”。
'Identify' only asks you to name or pick out a feature. Keep your answer brief: 'The poster uses a sans-serif font.' 'Describe' requires a little more detail about what you can see or hear, but you should still avoid analysis at this stage: 'The poster uses a bold red sans-serif font placed at the top of the page.'
“识别”只要求你说出或指出某个特征。答案要简短：“这张海报使用了无衬线字体。”“描述”需要你提供关于所见所闻的稍多细节，但此阶段仍应避免分析：“这张海报在页面顶部使用了粗体红色无衬线字体。”
'Explain' is the most common mid-range command. It asks you to show how a media element creates meaning: 'The bold red sans-serif font connotes danger and excitement, immediately signalling the action-adventure genre to the audience.' 'Evaluate' asks you to make a supported judgement: 'The typography is highly effective because it grabs attention and sets the tone before the audience has even processed the central image.'
“解释”是最常见的中等难度指令词。它要求你说明某个媒体元素如何创造意义：“粗体红色无衬线字体暗示危险与刺激，立刻向受众传递出动作冒险类型的信息。”“评估”要求你做出有支撑的判断：“这种字体设计非常有效，因为它在受众尚未处理中央图像之前就吸引了注意力并奠定了基调。”
3. Using Media Terminology Accurately | 准确使用媒体术语
Accurate specialist language is one of the clearest markers of a higher-level response. Examiners and teachers want to see you confidently name shot types, angles, lighting styles, sound categories and editing techniques. However, it is not enough simply to drop in a term; you must use it correctly in context.
准确的专业语言是高分答案最清晰的标志之一。考官和老师希望看到你自信地说出镜头类型、角度、灯光风格、声音类别和剪辑技巧。但仅仅随意插入一个术语是不够的，你必须在语境中正确地使用它。
For camera work, keep these terms at your fingertips: extreme close-up, big close-up, close-up, mid-shot, long shot, establishing shot, high-angle shot, low-angle shot, over-the-shoulder shot and point-of-view shot. Describe what is framed and why the shot type was chosen.
关于摄影，要熟记以下术语：大特写、特写、近景、中景、远景、定场镜头、俯角镜头、仰角镜头、过肩镜头和主观镜头。描述画面中框取了什么内容，以及为何选择这种景别。
For sound, always distinguish between diegetic sound (sound that exists within the story world, such as dialogue, footsteps, a radio playing) and non-diegetic sound (sound added for the audience, such as a musical score or voice-over narration). Also mention sound bridges, ambient sound and sound effects where relevant.
对于声音，始终区分剧情内声音（存在于故事世界中的声音，如对话、脚步声、收音机播放）和非剧情声音（为受众添加的声音，如配乐或旁白）。在相关的地方也提及声桥、环境音和声效。
Mise-en-scène covers everything placed in front of the camera: setting, props, costume, hair and make-up, lighting, colour palette and body language. Use the acronym CLAMPS to help you remember: Costume, Lighting, Actors (expression and position), Make-up, Props, Setting.
场面调度涵盖镜头前的一切：场景、道具、服装、发型与化妆、灯光、色彩搭配和肢体语言。可以用缩略词 CLAMPS 来帮助记忆：服装 (Costume)、灯光 (Lighting)、演员（表情与站位）(Actors)、化妆 (Make-up)、道具 (Props)、场景 (Setting)。
Editing terminology includes straight cut, jump cut, match on action, cross-cutting, montage, fade, dissolve and pace. At Year 8 level, aim to comment on how the editing speed shapes mood or narrative rhythm.
剪辑术语包括直切、跳切、动作匹配剪辑、交叉剪辑、蒙太奇、淡入淡出、叠化和节奏。在 Year 8 阶段，尽量评论剪辑速度如何塑造情绪或叙事节奏。
4. Analysing Media Language (Textual Analysis) | 分析媒体语言（文本分析）
Textual analysis means looking closely at the details of a media product and explaining how they work together to create meaning. You cannot say everything about every element, so be selective: pick two or three striking features and explore them in depth. A strong analysis follows a pattern: identify the technique, describe it precisely, and explain its effect on the audience.
文本分析意味着仔细观察媒体产品的细节，并解释它们如何共同创造意义。你无法面面俱到，因此要有选择性：挑选两到三个突出的特征，深入探究。一个有力的分析遵循这样的模式：识别技巧，精确描述，并解释它对受众的影响。
When analysing a film poster, for instance, notice the main figure's facial expression, gaze and posture. Connect these to audience positioning. If a protagonist looks directly at the camera while holding a weapon, you could write: 'The direct eye contact coupled with the prop of a weapon positions the audience to feel both intimidated and intrigued, suggesting the film will be a tense psychological thriller.'
举例来说，分析一张电影海报时，注意主要人物面部表情、目光和姿态。将这些与受众定位联系起来。如果主角手持武器直视镜头，你可以写：“直视的目光配合武器道具，将受众置于一种既感到威慑又被吸引的位置，暗示这将是一部充满张力的心理惊悚片。”
Colour grading is extremely powerful. A desaturated, blue-tinted palette often signals sadness, isolation or a dystopian setting, while warm, saturated yellows and oranges suggest nostalgia or comfort. Always link colour choices to genre conventions and audience expectations.
色彩调校非常有力。去饱和、偏蓝色调的色板通常暗示悲伤、隔绝或反乌托邦背景，而温暖、高饱和的黄色和橙色则暗示怀旧或舒适。始终将色彩选择与类型惯例和受众期待联系起来。
Typography (the style, size, arrangement and appearance of text) carries meaning too. Serif fonts can feel traditional or authoritative; sans-serif fonts often appear modern and clean. Handwritten or distressed fonts might signal rebellion, informality or horror. Explain how the typography reinforces the product's tone and appeals to its target demographic.
字体排印（文本的风格、大小、排列和外观）也承载着意义。衬线字体可能显得传统或权威；无衬线字体通常显得现代而简洁。手写体或碎裂效果字体可能暗示反叛、随意或恐怖。解释字体排印如何强化产品基调，并吸引其目标人群。
5. Discussing Representation | 讨论表征
Representation is about how media products portray people, places, events and ideas. WJEC assessments will frequently ask you to comment on the representation of gender, ethnicity, age, ability or social groups. A high-quality answer does not just label a representation as positive or negative; it examines the construction of that representation and its possible effects.
表征关乎媒体产品如何刻画人物、地点、事件和观念。WJEC 评估经常会要求你评论性别、种族、年龄、能力或社会群体的表征。一份高质量答案不会仅仅把某种表征贴上正面或负面的标签，而是审视这种表征的构建过程及其可能的影响。
Questions to ask yourself include: Who is shown as powerful or powerless? How does camera angle reinforce status? Is a group represented as a stereotype, a countertype or something more complex? Does the representation reinforce dominant societal values or challenge them?
需要问自己的问题包括：谁被呈现为有力量，谁被呈现为无力量？镜头角度如何强化地位？某个群体是被呈现为刻板印象、反刻板印象，还是更为复杂的形象？这种表征是强化了主流的价值观，还是挑战了它们？
For instance, an advert showing a father tenderly feeding a baby challenges the traditional gender stereotype that childcare is primarily a mother's role. You could argue this is a progressive countertype that might appeal to a modern, equality-minded audience. Always support your interpretation with specific visual or audio evidence from the product.
例如，一则广告展示父亲温柔地喂养婴儿，这挑战了“育儿主要是母亲职责”的传统性别刻板印象。你可以论证这是一种进步的反刻板印象，可能会吸引注重平等的现代受众。始终要用产品中的具体视觉或音频证据支持你的解读。
If a product relies on stereotypes, do not just state this as a criticism. Analyse why the producer might have chosen them. Stereotypes act as visual shortcuts that quickly communicate ideas to a mass audience. Discuss the balance between accessibility and the risk of reinforcing harmful assumptions.
如果某个产品依赖刻板印象，不要仅仅将此作为批评。分析制作者可能为何选择它们。刻板印象是快速向大众传达思想的视觉捷径。讨论可及性与强化有害假设风险之间的平衡。
6. Structuring Your Answers with PEEL | 用PEEL结构组织答案
Well-structured paragraphs make your ideas clear and easy to follow. The PEEL framework (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link) is an excellent tool for constructing media studies answers. It works for both short-answer questions and extended responses.
结构良好的段落使你的观点清晰且易于理解。PEEL 框架（观点、证据、解释、联系）是构建媒体研究答案的绝佳工具。它既适用于简答题，也适用于长篇回答。
Point: Start with a clear topic sentence that directly addresses the question. 'One way the film poster establishes the fantasy genre is through its lighting and colour palette.'
观点：以一句直接回应问题的清晰主题句开头。“电影海报确立奇幻类型的一种方式是通过其灯光与色彩搭配。”
Evidence: Include precise, specific details. 'The background features a purple and gold sky with glowing runes, while the central character is lit from below with an ethereal blue light.'
证据：包含精确、具体的细节。“背景呈现出紫金色天空和发光的符文，而中心角色则被从下向上的空灵蓝光所照亮。”
Explanation: Unpack the effect and meaning. 'The purple and gold hues connote royalty and magic, immediately signalling a world beyond the ordinary. The blue uplighting makes the character appear powerful and other-worldly, positioning the audience to anticipate an epic quest narrative.'
解释：展开分析效果和意义。“紫色和金色的色调暗示王权与魔法，立刻传递出一个超越凡尘的世界。从下向上的蓝色灯光使角色显得强大而超凡脱俗，将受众定位在期待一段史诗般的冒险叙事。”
Link: Tie your point back to the question or to genre, audience or representation. 'Overall, this combination of lighting and colour effectively targets the existing fantasy fan base while promising an immersive cinematic experience.'
联系：将你的观点重新连接到题目，或连接到类型、受众或表征。“总体而言，这种灯光与色彩的组合有效地针对了已有的奇幻粉丝群体，同时承诺了一种沉浸式的观影体验。”
7. Supporting Points with Evidence | 用证据支持论点
Media Studies is an evidence-based subject. Every claim you make about how a product creates meaning or targets an audience must be backed up with something concrete from the text. Vague, unsupported statements will not earn high marks, even if the underlying idea is correct.
媒体研究是一门基于证据的学科。你关于产品如何创造意义或如何瞄准受众所做的每一个论断，都必须由文本中的具体内容来支撑。模糊、无支持的陈述即使背后的想法是正确的，也无法获得高分。
Good evidence can be a description of a visual element, a quoted line of dialogue, a shot transition or even the layout of a webpage. Be as specific as possible. Instead of 'the poster has bright colours', write 'the poster uses a contrast between a neon green title and a dark grey background to make the title stand out'.
好的证据可以是对一个视觉元素的描述、一句引用的对话台词、一个镜头转换，甚至是网页的布局。要尽可能具体。不要写“海报有明亮的颜色”，而要写“海报使用了霓虹绿色标题与深灰色背景之间的对比，使标题变得醒目”。
In moving image products, refer to timing or sequence where helpful: 'At 0:34, a rapid zoom into the detective's face is accompanied by a sudden crescendo in the non-diegetic score, signalling a moment of revelation.' This level of detail shows you have engaged closely with the product rather than relying on memory of a general impression.
在动态影像产品中，在有用时提及时间码或顺序：“在 0 分 34 秒，镜头快速推近侦探的脸部，同时非剧情配乐突然增强，标志着一个真相揭露的时刻。”这种细节程度表明你与产品进行了密切的互动，而非仅凭大致印象。
You can also use comparative evidence. When discussing representation, point to a contrasting example within the same product to show variety or contradiction: 'While the female lead is shown as a capable engineer, the secondary female character appears only in domestic settings, which creates an inconsistent gender representation.'
你也可以使用比较性证据。在讨论表征时，指向同一产品中一个对比的例子，以展示多样性或矛盾性：“虽然女主角被塑造成一位能干工程师，但次要女性角色仅出现在家庭环境中，这造成了一种不一致的性别表征。”
8. Making Effective Comparisons | 进行有效的比较
Comparison questions ask you to examine two media products (or two elements within one product) and discuss similarities and differences. A high-scoring comparative answer moves beyond listing features and organises the response around a clear analytical point, such as genre conventions, target audience or representation.
比较类题目要求你审视两个媒体产品（或同一产品中的两个元素），并讨论异同。一份高分的比较答案不会停留在罗列特征，而是围绕一个清晰的分析点来组织回答，比如类型惯例、目标受众或表征。
A useful structure for a comparison paragraph is: 'While Product A uses X to achieve Y, Product B takes a different approach by using Z.' For example: 'While the Marvel poster relies on a crowded ensemble cast and dynamic action poses to attract a wide family audience, the independent film poster uses a single symbolic object and negative space to target a more niche, art-house demographic.'
比较段落的一个实用结构是：“产品 A 使用 X 来达成 Y，而产品 B 则通过使用 Z 采取了不同方法。”例如：“漫威海报依赖拥挤的群像和动感的动作姿势来吸引广泛的家庭受众，而独立电影海报则使用一个单独的象征性物品和留白，以瞄准更小众的文艺片人群。”
Use comparative connectives to link your sentences: similarly, in contrast, whereas, on the other hand, conversely. Do not write about Product A for a whole paragraph and then switch to Product B; the comparison must be integrated point by point so that the examiner can see you are thinking analytically rather than descriptively.
使用比较连词来连接句子：类似地、相比之下、而、另一方面、相反地。不要用一整段写产品 A，再切换到产品 B；比较必须逐点整合，这样考官才能看出你是在分析性地思考，而不是在描述。
If given two products you must compare, spend a minute jotting down two or three key points of contrast before you start writing. This planning will stop you from falling into the trap of only describing what you see.
如果需要比较两个产品，在动笔前花一分钟时间快速列出两到三个关键对比点。这样的规划将防止你落入只描述所见内容的陷阱。
9. Time Management in Assessments | 评估中的时间管理
Even the best analytical skills can be undermined by poor time management. Knowing how to pace yourself across a paper is part of the assessment itself. Before writing, read the whole paper and note how many marks each question is worth. Allocate time proportionally, and stick to your plan.
即便是最优秀的分析能力，也可能因为糟糕的时间管理而大打折扣。知道如何在一张试卷中把握节奏，本身就是评估的一部分。动笔前，先通读整张试卷，注意每题分值。按比例分配时间，并坚持你的计划。
As a rough guide, spend around one minute per mark available, leaving five minutes at the end for checking. For a 20-mark extended response, aim to write for about 18-20 minutes. A 4-mark 'explain' question should take no more than five minutes. This keeps your effort aligned with the reward.
作为一个粗略的指南，每 1 分题目大约花 1 分钟，最后留出 5 分钟检查。对于一道 20 分的拓展回答，目标写作时间大约 18-20 分钟。一道 4 分的“解释”题耗时不应超过 5 分钟。这使你的付出与回报保持一致。
Do not get stuck trying to perfect an answer with low marks. If a 2-mark question is holding you up for longer than three minutes, leave a gap, move on, and come back. The highest-mark questions usually test your ability to analyse and evaluate, so you want to give them enough time to demonstrate depth.
不要在低分值的题目上卡住，试图追求完美答案。如果一道 2 分题耽误你超过三分钟，留出空白，继续往下做，最后再回来。高分值题目通常考查你的分析和评估能力，因此你要给它们留出足够时间来展现深度。
Planning is not a waste of time. For longer answers, scribble a quick bullet-point list of your main points and evidence before you begin writing. A thirty-second plan can save you three minutes of meandering.
规划并非浪费时间。对于长篇答案，动笔前快速列出要点和证据的要点清单。三十秒的规划可以省下你三分钟漫无目的的写作。
10. Common Mistakes to Avoid | 常见失分点与避免方法
Knowing what not to do is just as important as knowing what to do. Several predictable pitfalls appear year after year in media studies assessments, and being aware of them gives you an immediate advantage.
知道不该做什么与知道该做什么同样重要。年复一年，媒体研究评估中总会出现一些可预见的陷阱，而意识到这些陷阱会立刻给你带来优势。
Avoid the 'feature-spotting' trap. Simply naming camera angles or editing techniques without explaining why they have been used leaves you stuck at the lowest mark levels. Every time you mention a technical term, ask yourself 'so what?' and write the answer into your response.
避免“罗列特征”的陷阱。仅仅说出镜头角度或剪辑技巧的名称，而不解释其被使用的原因，会使你停留在最低分数等级。每次你提到一个技术术语，问自己“那又怎样？”并把答案写进回答里。
Do not ignore the question's focus. If the question asks about representation and you write a paragraph about narrative structure, you are not addressing the task. Underline the key words in the question and check your paragraph against them. Paraphrasing the question in your topic sentence is a simple way to stay on track.
不要忽略题目的核心。如果题目问的是表征，而你写了一段关于叙事结构的内容，你便没有回应任务。在题目中划出关键词，并用它来检查你的段落。在主题句中转述题目是保持不跑题的简单方法。
Another common error is failing to use media specific terminology at all. Writing 'the music made it feel scary' loses marks compared to 'the minor-key non-diegetic score builds tension and signals horror conventions to the audience'. The second version demonstrates subject knowledge and analytical thinking.
另一个常见错误是完全不使用媒体专用术语。写“音乐让它感觉吓人”与“以非剧情的小调配乐营造紧张感，向受众传递恐怖类型惯例”相比，后者更能得分。第二种版本体现了学科知识和分析性思维。
Finally, avoid empty evaluation such as 'the poster is really effective'. Explain what makes it effective, for whom and why. Ground your judgement in evidence so that it becomes a conclusion you have earned, not a claim you have simply stated.
最后，避免空洞的评价，如“这张海报确实很有效”。解释什么使它有效、对谁有效以及为什么。将你的判断扎根于证据之中，使其成为你通过论证得出的结论，而非你简单抛出的一个论断。
11. Applying Theories and Key Concepts | 运用理论与关键概念
While Year 8 WJEC Media Studies does not require detailed knowledge of advanced media theorists, you will strengthen your answers enormously by showing awareness of a few key concepts. Your teacher will have introduced ideas such as 'media language', 'audience', 'representation' and 'institution', and weaving these concepts into your responses signals higher-order thinking.
虽然 Year 8 WJEC 媒体课程不要求掌握高阶媒体理论家的详细知识，但如果你能展示出对几个关键概念的认识，你的答案会大大得到加强。你的老师应该已经介绍过“媒体语言”“受众”“表征”和“机构”等概念，将这些概念编织进回答中，标志着你具有高阶思维。
When discussing audience, avoid simply stating the target age range. Mention demographic categories (age, gender, socio-economic group) and psychographic factors (interests, values, lifestyle). You could also bring in the uses and gratifications model at a basic level: does the product allow the audience to escape, to identify with characters, to learn something or to socialise?
在讨论受众时，避免仅仅说明目标年龄段。提及人口统计学分类（年龄、性别、社会经济群体）和心理因素（兴趣、价值观、生活方式）。你还可以在基础层面上引入使用与满足模型：该产品是否能令受众逃避现实、认同角色、学习知识或进行社交互动？
Use the term 'connotation' and 'denotation' correctly. Denotation is what you literally see or hear; connotation is the associated meaning. 'The skull badge (denotation) connotes danger and rebellion.' This simple distinction will lift the precision of your analysis.
正确地使用术语“外延”和“内涵”。外延是你从字面上看到或听到的东西；内涵是与之相关的意义。“骷髅徽章（外延）暗示危险与反叛（内涵）。”这个简单的区分将提升你分析的精确性。
Whenever relevant, link your analysis to institutional context. A BBC broadcast, for example, has a public service remit and is likely to aim for a different tone and representation than a commercial streaming platform. Showing awareness of this context impresses assessors.
在相关时，将你的分析与机构语境联系起来。例如，BBC 广播具有公共服务职责，其基调和表征可能与商业流媒体平台不同。展现这种语境意识能给评分者留下深刻印象。
12. Preparing Effectively and Practising Responses | 高效备考与练习答题
Practising exam-style questions under timed conditions is the single most effective way to improve your media studies performance. It helps you internalise the PEEL structure, drives your vocabulary into active memory, and highlights areas where you need to revise key terms or concepts.
在计时条件下练习考试型题目，是提升媒体学习成绩的最有效方法。它能帮助你内化 PEEL 结构，驱动你的词汇进入活跃记忆，并揭示你需要复习关键术语或概念的薄弱环节。
Create a bank of media language cards covering camera, sound, editing and mise-en-scène. On one side write the term, on the other a definition and an example from a product you have studied. Test yourself regularly, aiming to recall the example as well as the definition, because examiners reward contextualised knowledge.
建立一个媒体语言卡片库，涵盖摄影、声音、剪辑和场面调度。一面写术语，另一面写定义和你学习过的一个产品中的例子。定期自我测试，不仅要回忆定义，也要回忆例子，因为考官会奖励语境化的知识。
When practising, always mark your own work against the success criteria you have been given. Identify whether you have included a clear point, specific evidence, a developed explanation and a link. Be honest about gaps and rewrite low-scoring paragraphs until they become stronger.
在练习时，始终对照你收到的评分标准来自评。识别你是否包含了清晰的观点、具体的证据、充分展开的解释和联系。诚实地面对不足，然后重写得低分的段落，直到它们变得更强。
Also practise annotating unseen media products. Grab a film poster, advert or game cover online, and in ten minutes underline every significant technical code and jot down meanings and audience effects. This builds the speed you need in assessments where you encounter new material for the first time.
此外，练习对陌生媒体产品的批注。从网上找一张电影海报、广告或游戏封面，在十分钟内划出每一个重要的技术符码，并草笔记下含义与受众影响。这能锻炼你在评估中首次面对新材料时所需的速度。
Published by TutorHao | Media Studies Revision Series | aleveler.com
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